2023年新概念英语第四册课堂笔记.doc

新概念英语第四册课堂笔记 　 新概念英语第四册课堂笔记 　1 fossil man (化石人) 　Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful 　We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. 　But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. 　Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 　【New words and expressions 生词和短语】 　 HYPERLINK /app/w/fossil \t _blank fossilman adj. 化石人 　 HYPERLINK /app/w/recount \t _blank recount v. 表达 　 HYPERLINK /app/w/saga \t _blank saga n. 英雄故事 　 HYPERLINK /app/w/legend \t _blank legend n. 传说，传奇 　 HYPERLINK /app/w/migration \t _blank migration n. 迁移，移居 　 HYPERLINK /app/w/anthropologist \t _blank anthropologist n. 人类学家 　 HYPERLINK /app/w/archaeologist \t _blank archaeologist n. 考古学家 　 HYPERLINK /app/w/ancestor \t _blank ancestor n. 祖先 　 HYPERLINK /app/w/Polynesian \t _blank Polynesian adj.波利尼西亚〔中太平洋之一群岛〕的 　 HYPERLINK /app/w/Indonesia \t _blank Indonesia n. 印度尼西亚 　 HYPERLINK /app/w/flint \t _blank flint n. 燧石 　 HYPERLINK /app/w/rot \t _blank rot n. 烂掉 　【课文注释】 　1.hand down 把...传下去 　例句：Many old legends were handed down from generation by mouth. 　许多古老的传说都是一代一代口传下来了。 　2.read of，读到，和read about是相同的意思。 　谈到：speak of，talk of 　了解到：know of 　听到：hear of 　3.the first people，原始人 　people+s 表示民族 　4.if they had any: 即便是有，表假设 　例句：His relatives, if he had any, never went to visit him when he was hospitalized. 　他的亲戚，即便他还有的话，在他住院时也从来不去看他。 　5.when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace，这个以when引导的状语从句表示让步的意思，而when可以译成“虽然〞，“尽管〞。 　【参考译文】 　我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。但直到现在,世界上有些地方，人们还不会书写。 　他们保存历史的唯一方法是将历史当作传说讲述，由讲述人一代接一代地将史实描述为传奇故事口传下来。人类学家过去不清楚如今生活在太平洋诸岛上的波利尼西亚人的祖先来自何方，当地人的传说却告诉人们：其中一局部是约在2,000年前从印度尼西亚迁来的。 　但是，和我们相似的原始人生活的年代太久远了，因此，有关他们的传说既使有如今也失传了。于是，考古学家们既缺乏历史记载，又无口头传说来帮助他们弄清最早的“现代人〞是从哪里来的。 　然而， 幸运的是，远古人用石头制作了工具，特别是用燧石，因为燧石较之其他石头更容易成形。他们也可能用过木头和兽皮，但这类东西早已腐烂殆尽。石头是不会腐烂的。因此，尽管制造这些工具的人的骨头早已荡然无存，但远古时代的石头工具却保存了下来。 　【作业时间】 　1. 我们为大家提供了两种主流英语发音的音频，请大家下载自己喜欢的一种，放到MP3里反复听！〔刚开始练习英语听力和口语最好选定一种学习，不要英音美音混淆哦！〕 　2. 背诵、并默写今天的课文。实在没有时间的同学就抄写一遍吧nder, should spiders be our friends Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings. 　Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and insect never more than six. 　How many spiders are engaged in this work no our behalf One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre; that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country. 　T. H. GILLESPLE Spare that spider from The Listener 　New words and expressions 　Beast n. 野兽 　Census n. 统计数字 　Acre n. 英亩 　Content adj. 满足的本文参考译文 　你可能会觉得奇怪， 蜘蛛怎么会是我们的朋友呢？因为它们能消灭那么多的昆虫，其中包括一些人类的大敌，要不是人类受一些食虫动物的保护，昆虫就会使我们无法在地球上生活下去，昆虫会吞食我们的全部庄稼，杀死我们的成群的牛羊。我们要十分感谢那些吃昆虫的鸟和兽，然而把它们所杀死的昆虫全部加在一起也只相当于蜘蛛所消灭的一小局部。此外，蜘蛛不同于其他食虫动物，它们丝毫不危害我们和我们的财物。 　许多人认为蜘蛛是昆虫，但它们不是昆虫，甚至与昆虫毫无关系。人们