公共管理专业 省农村人口流失问题研究.docx

摘 要 黑龙江省一直以来都是我国重工业基地,是国内发展重工业的摇篮。在我国的经济建设中处于至关重要的地位,也是最早我国人口主要的移居地。随着生活水平的提高，黑龙江省的工作方式单一社会保障部稳定等一系列的原因导致很多人选择外出工作甚至留居在外，导致黑龙省农村人口的数量越来越低黑龙江经济水平上不去没有办法达成祖国发展的需要人口流失也对当地的发展影响很大，所以说黑龙江省人口流失的问题是由好几方面形成的，黑龙江对于这么问题的严重性已经认识到了为了更好的发展黑龙江省的经济改革我们进行了一系列的改变为了更好的追随国家变成发达国家的目标而共同努力奋斗,为深入的剖析黑龙江省地区人口迁移的机制，黑龙江省未来发展动向的一系列问题，展开研究调查，探究为何重工业大省人口流失问题是何原因，在中国努力为变成发达国家而奋斗的路上，黑龙江省人口流失问题需要受到重视。 本文通过研究黑龙江省近二十年的人口实际变化，来观察人口流失问题的严重性，研究近二十年的经济变化，来说明人口流失对黑龙江省发展存在的重大问题。存在的原因从改变黑龙省收入单一性，减少适龄男女青年的流失量，改变黑龙江省“走出去才能有未来”的观念等方面来试图为解决这一问题提供一些建议和意见。 本文运用马尔萨斯理论，人口迁移论，马克思人口理论为切入点，并运用规范分析与实际分析相结合的方式，对黑龙江省人口流失问题进行了一系列的探讨研究得出人口流失的主要原因是黑龙江省农村收入方式单一且收入低，传统思想严重认为“只有走出去才有未来”,农村的社会保障能力低，就业方向少以及男女比例不协调，医疗水平低下等。由此问题来解决黑龙江省农村人口流失问题，来保证在未来发展中为国家平衡共建美好生活做准备。 关键词：黑龙江省，农村人口，人口流失，马尔萨斯理论，马克思人口论 Abstract Heilongjiang province has always been the base of heavy industry in China, and it is the cradle of developing heavy industry in China. It is in the vital position in the economic construction of our country, and it is also the earliest emigrant place of our country's population. After the reform and opening up, heavy industry began to move out of Heilongjiang and turn to other provinces and cities where the economy is developing rapidly. The problem of the loss of population further leads to the decline of the economy. Form a vicious circle. The local population led to the loss of the GDP growth rate becomes slow, resulting in the loss of the local population aging faster, population loss to the social security agencies increased pressure in Northeast China to prevent the loss of population related countermeasures are discussed the outflow of the population are many reasons, for the analysis of the mechanism of population migration into the area of Heilongjiang province a series of problems, the future development trend of Heilongjiang Province, research survey, explore why the heavy industry province population loss reason, in China to become developed countries struggle on the road, Heilongjiang province population loss problems need attention. By studying the actual change of population in recent twenty years in Heilongjiang Province, we observed the seriousness of the problem of population loss and studied the economic changes in recent twenty years to illustrate the major problems of population loss to Heilongjiang's development. The reasons for this change are from changing the mono income of black dragon Province, reducing the loss of school-age young men and young people, and changing the concept of "going out to have the future" in Heilongjiang Province, so as to provide some suggestions and suggestions for solving this problem. This paper uses Malthus theory, population migration theory, Marx's theory as the starting point, andthe usae of normaative andalyswis and pafractical aneealysis mbhethod of cofhmbinihng the Heilongjiang prjfovince popjgfrulation loss was studied in a series of major reasons that the loss of population is rural income in Heilongjiang province is single and low income, the traditional thought that "only serious go to the future", the rural social security ability is low, less employment direction and the proportion of men and women is not harmonious, the low level of health. The problem will be solved to solve the problem of rural population loss in Heilongjiang Province, so as to ensure the balance of the country to build a better life in the future. Key words: rural Heilongjiang Province, population loss, Malthus theory, Marx population theory 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 目 录 III 第1章 绪 论 1 HYPERLINK \l "Toc30648"1.1选题的背景和研究意义 1 HYPERLINK \l "Toc710"1.1.1选题的背景 1 HYPERLINK \l "Toc1536"1.1.2选题的意义 1 HYPERLINK \l "Toc1298"1.2国内外关于人口流失的研究 1 HYPERLINK \l "Toc19400"1.2.1国内研究现状 1 HYPERLINK \l "Toc846"1.2.2国外研究现状 2 HYPERLINK \l "Toc30324"1.3.研究的内容与方法 3 HYPERLINK \l "Toc20221"1.3.1研究的内容 3 HYPERLINK \l "Toc2017"1.3.2研究的方法 3 HYPERLINK \l "Toc19564"第2章 农村人口流失相关概述与理论 4 2.1人口流失概念 4 HYPERLINK \l "Toc19735"2.2 马尔萨斯理论 4 HYPERLINK \l "Toc19552"2.3人口迁移论 4 HYPERLINK \l "Toc16341"2.4马克思人口理论 4 HYPERLINK \l "Toc10840"第3章 农村人口流失的现状 6 3.1 农村适龄青年工作难 7 HYPERLINK \l "Toc11327"3.2留守儿童急剧增加 7 3.3农村老龄化加重 7 HYPERLINK \l "Toc20972"第4章 黑龙江省农村人口流失后果及成因分析 9 HYPERLINK \l "Toc2938"4.1农村适龄青年结人口流失产生的后果 9 HYPERLINK \l "Toc28798"4.1.1农村人口年龄差距大出现断层 9 HYPERLINK \l "Toc6165"4.1.2社会医疗保障不能完善 9 HYPERLINK \l "Toc14937"4.1.3破坏农村经济建设 10 HYPERLINK \l "Toc29090"4.1.4农村逐渐衰落至消失 10 HYPERLINK \l "Toc30196"4.2黑龙江省农村人口流失问题的成因 10 HYPERLINK \l "Toc7463"4.2.1农村生活花费高于经济收入 10 HYPERLINK \l "Toc13059"4.2.2农村社会保障尚未全面建立 11 HYPERLINK \l "Toc5955"4.2.3农村文化事业不发达 12 HYPERLINK \l "Toc24698"4.2.3农村传统思想的束缚 13 HYPERLINK \l "Toc11425"第5章 解决黑龙江省农村人口流失的对策 14 HYPERLINK \l "Toc29625"5.1.增加农村工作方式的多元性 14 HYPERLINK \l "Toc29435"5.1.1加强农村生活水平 14 HYPERLINK \l "Toc12801"5.1.2加强农村社会保障体系建设 14 HYPERLINK \l "Toc30369"5.2加强农村适龄青年的积极性 15 HYPERLINK \l "Toc6507"5.2.1缩小城乡经济差距 15 HYPERLINK \l "Toc25468"5.2.2增加农村适龄青年的受教育程度 15 HYPERLINK \l "Toc13741"5.3促进农村文化事业发展 15 HYPERLINK \l "Toc5850