从委婉语和禁忌语看中 西文化差异工商管理专业.docx

Acknowledgements I am indebted to our university for providing me with such a precious opportunity of writing this thesis to conclude my four years’ undergraduate education. In the course of writing, I have gained more knowledge and enlightenment than I expected. I would like to express my most sincere appreciation to my respected supervisor, Mrs. Gao Yanmei, an amiable and knowledgeable teacher, who patiently and painstakingly fulfilled the task of reading, critiquing, shaping and polishing all the preliminary drafts of this thesis. In addition, my thanks also go to my family as well as the classmates who have offered me help and suggestions. Abstract Taboos and euphemisms are language phenomena that arise from social needs. Taboos are the words that we should avoid using because of traditional habits or social customs. To avoid taboos or express indirectly, people choose to use the words which are mild and unobjectionable. These words are called euphemisms. Whether in China or western countries, taboos and euphemisms have their distinctive cultural characteristics. Euphemisms and taboos accumulate richly cultural connotations. In this paper, on euphemism, researches carry out from the traditional euphemism, cultural values and different ways of thinking. Taboos are studied from the religious taboos, topic taboos, color taboos and other aspects. Euphemisms and taboos are important parts of language. Rational using of euphemisms and avoiding taboos can make the communication between people become more harmonious. This paper uses the methods of summarization, comparison, literature research and so on to explore the culture hidden behind words so that people can communicate with each other more smoothly. Key Words：communication; euphemisms and taboos; reasons for differences; comparison 摘 要 禁忌语和委婉语都是语言现象，是因为社会的需要而产生的。因为传统习惯或社会风俗等原因，需要避免使用的词语或的行为，我们称它为禁忌。为了避免禁忌或表达不雅的事物或不宜直接提到的对象而采用的婉转而温和的语言我们称之为委婉语。无论是在中国还是西方国家，禁忌语和委婉语都有其鲜明的文化特征。委婉语和禁忌语具有丰富的文化内涵。本篇论文中，在委婉语方面，将从传统委婉语，文化价值观和思考方式的不同来展开研究。在禁忌语方面，将从宗教禁忌，话题禁忌，颜色禁忌等方面来进行研究。委婉语和禁忌语都是语言的重要组成部分，合理使用委婉语和避免禁忌语可以使人们之间的交流变得更加融洽。本文运用了归纳总结法，对比法，文献研究法等方法来探索隐藏在语言背后的文化，使得人们能够更加顺畅的进行交流。 关键词：交流；委婉语和禁忌语；差异产生的原因；比较 Contents TOC \o "1-3" \u 1. Introduction 1 2. Theoretical Background.............................................................................................1 2.1 On Euphemism 1 2.2 On Taboos 2 3. Relationship between Language and Culture 3 4. The Culture Discrepancies Hidden behind Euphemisms and Taboos 4 4.1 Different Aspects of Euphemisms 4 4.1.1 Traditional Euphemisms 4 4.1.2 Cultural Values 5 4.1.3 Thinking models 6 4.2 Classification ................7 4.3 Different Aspects of Taboos..................................................................................8 4.3.1 Religious Taboos............................................................................................8 4.3.2 Calling Taboos................................................................................................9 4.3.3 Topic Taboos.................................................................................................10 4.4.4 Number Taboos.............................................................................................10 4.3.5 Color Taboos 10 5. Conclusion 11 Bibliography 12 The Discrepancies between Chinese Culture and Western Culture from the Perspective of Euphemisms and Taboos Introduction With the development of science and technology in modern society, distance is no longer a problem. People in different countries have more face-to-face communication needs. For a smooth communication, it is very important to understand the knowledge of euphemisms and taboos. To understand the cultural differences that are hidden behind them will narrow the distance between each other. They will help us understand each other better. Just as there are no two identical leaves in the world, the history, religion, and concept of each country are different. Different languages reflect the different aspects of a country’s culture. Theoretical Background Due to religious, political, cultural exchanges and other reasons, some languages which are called taboos are forbidden to use. When people use mild,agreeable, or roundabout words in the place of coarse, painful or offensive ones. These are called euphemisms. 2.1 On Euphemism Western linguists think that the word “euphemism” comes from the Greek word “euphemismos”, which is composed of “eu” and “pheme”; the first morpheme “eu” here means “good” while the second refers to “speech”, so euphemism suggests “good speech” “words of good omen”, “the gilded words”, or “dramatic words”. Literally, this means “to speak with good words or in a pleasant manner”. After years, euphemism is recognized as different and more proper. It is depicted as “substitution of mild or haze or round expression for strict or direct one in the New Edition of the Oxford Concise Dictionary. Euphemizing is often defined as su