2023
年初
英语语法
视频
讲座
初中英语语法视频讲座
篇一:初中英语语法讲座(一) (5)
初中英语语法讲座(一)
姓名_____________
一、名词
关于名词,我们必须掌握名词的数,名词的格。
┌单数---可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数,在元音发音开头的单词前用an,而不是a
可数名词
名词的按照数 └复数
不可数名词
1.复数的构成方法:
(1)一般在复数名词后加s,如:dog--dogs。
(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es,如:watch--watches。
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es,如:country--countries。
请区别:假设是元音字母加y结尾的名词,那么只须加s如:monkey--monkeys。
(4)以o结尾的名词,只有potato(土豆),tomato(西红柿)加es 构成复数。
(5)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加es,如:knife--knives。
2.单复数方式一样的词:sheep--sheep,fish—fish, Chinese--Chinese,Japanese--Japanese
3.特别变化的单词有:(1)tooth--teeth,foot-- feet
(2)man--men,woman--women,policeman--policemen, Frenchman--Frenchmen
请区别:German(德国人)--Germans
(3)child—children
4.常以复数方式出现的名词:people(人),clothes(衣服),trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时,同学们应特别留意它们的谓语,用复数。
如:My clothes are (be) newer than yours.
5.有些名词看似复数方式,实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的,应特别加以经历。如:news(音讯),maths(数学),physics(物理) 6.可用how many,many,a few,few,a lot of,lots of,some,any等来修饰可数名词复数。 不可数名词:
1.常见的不可数名词有:water,rice,fish,meat,等。
应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.
2.不可数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数。
如:Some bread over there. (be)
3.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of ,some, any等来修饰不可数名词。
4.常用a piece of, a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包〞如此的意义,bread仍为不可数名词,不加s,而piece那么可加s。即:two pieces of bread
请区别:可数名词也可用量来表示,如:三箱苹果three boxes of apples
例: 1、These two pieces of bread are over there.(be)
2、Could I have three ,please?
A. piece of bread B. .piece of breadsC. pieces of bread D .pieces of breads
名词的格
名词所有格的构成方法,在名词后加“ s〞。如:Tom→ Toms译为“的〞,假设遇上以s结尾的复数名词,那么在s后加“ 〞即可。如:Teachers Day , two weeks holiday,而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加s 。如:Childrens Day 关于名词所有格,应掌握以下几点:
1.可用名词所有格表示地点。如:my aunts 我姑姑家。 go to the doctors 去医生家。
2.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加s如:Lucy and Lilys 露西和莉莉的
3.掌握词组:a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
eg ; The white shirt is and blue one is
A、Kate ,myB .Kates ,mine C .Kate ,mineD .Kates, my
二、冠词
冠词是词汇中的根底的,也是简单的局部,因而同学们有必要掌握其根本用法,也会表达这一点。归纳起来,同学们应该掌握以下几点:
1.冠词指不定冠词a, an和定冠词the
2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前,如:an hour, an English car. 请区别:a useful machine
3.指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词the
的事物前用定冠词the.如:the sun ,the moon, the earth
5.定冠词the用于序数词前,表示方位的名词和描绘词最高级前。
如:the first, the best ,in the south
6.在复数姓氏前加the,表示××一家人,常看成复数。
如:The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.
7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the,如:in the box ,behind the chair
不能用定冠词the的几个方面:
(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如:in summer, in August
加the)
(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如:have breakfast ,play football
(3)一些固定词组中,如:go to bed ,go to school ,by bus ,,at night.
9.在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请留意区别:
in front of 在前面 in the hospital 在医院里
in the front of 在范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院
A. an, an B .a, a C .an, the D. a, the 请区别:in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指,故
三、数词
同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词,以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的调查,中考常采纳单项选择题及听力题,这些题型归纳起来,应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地点。
1.基数词变序数词。其规律为:
1,2,3特别记,加th 从4起 (first, second, third, fourth)
8少t,9去e,千万别不记得 (eighth ,ninth)
逢5逢12,ve变f (fifth ,twelfth)
20到90,y要变ie (twentieth ,ninetieth)
假设是几十几,前基后序别倒位 (ninety-first)
2.hundred,thousand,million 在构成详细的数字时用单数方式。如:five hundred people.
只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s,构成复数方式。
hundreds of 数以百计的,成百上千的
thousands of 数以千计的,成千上万的
millions of 数百万的
这些词组前不能用详细数字。
3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用。
eg: Hey has learned eight French words this year.
A. hundredB. hundreds C .hundred of D .hundreds of
The lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty)
另外,同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。
顺读法(钟点+分钟) 如:4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five
4:15 four fifteen
倒读法(分钟+to/past+钟点) 如:4:30 half past four
4:15 fifteen past four/a quarter past four
4:45 fifteen to five/a quarter to five
练习题
1.At the beginning of the_______(twenty) century, the worlds population was about 1700 million.
2.Are these_____(watch)yours Yes.
3.You dont look well. Youd better go to the______(doctor) at once.
4.Would you give me ________, please
A. two papers B .two piece of paper C. two pieces of paper D .two pieces of papers
5.There are three _____and seven ____in the picture.
A. monkeys , sheeps B. monkeys, sheep
C. monkies, sheepD. monkies, sheeps
6.A lot of____ are talking with two_______.
A. Germans, FrenchmansB. Germen, Frenchmans C. German, FrenchmenD. Germans, Frenchmen
7.June 1 is ______________.
A. the Childrens DayB. the C hildrens DayC .Childrens DayD. Childrens Day
考虑题
1.__________people went out to see what had happened.
A. Thousands of B. Three thousand of C. Thousand of D. Three thousands
2.We have been in the school for______.
A. three and a half month B .three and a half months
C. three month and a half D .three months and half
3._____English is_____ useful language.
A.A, an B./, a C. The, an D. A, /
四、代词
(一)
人称代词 主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her itus you them
物主代词 描绘词性 my your his her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代词 myself yourselfhimselfherself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
代词在句中只能作定语,相当于一个描绘词,名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语,相当于一个名词。
2.留意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数仍然复数。
如:⑴These books arent ours