某森林公园植物景观调查与分析植物学专业.docx

题目：广州市帽峰山森林公园植物景观调查与分析 I 摘 要 本研究通过对帽峰山森林公园古庙、铜锣湾景区内的植物群落采用线路调查和样方调查相结合的方法，在调查清楚两个景区内的形成植物景观的优势树种、主要伴生植物种类和林分郁闭度等的基础上，根据不同的优势树种组成对两个景区内的植物景观进行了分类。从所调查植物景观的珍稀度、典型度、丰富度等作为评价因子采用综合指数法对植物景观质量进行了评价。同时将帽峰山森林公园与石门等森林公园、自然保护区植物景观资源质量等级进行了比较和评价，找出帽峰山森林公园现有植物景观资源与它们之间存在的差距和不足。 根据本次调查研究的结果，帽峰山古庙和铜锣湾景区当前的植物景观大致可分为14 种类型，主要以阔叶林景观为主，华润楠、中华锥和黎蒴是组成当前两个景区内植物景观的主要优势树种，分布面积大、范围广。组成两个景区森林植物景观的优势树种株高主要集中分布在 5—15m 范围内，胸径主要集中分布在 20—30cm 范围内，高大乔木数量不多。对帽峰山古庙、铜锣湾两个景区植物景观质量等级评价的结果表明当前两个景区内的植物景观质量较好，植物景观质量达到Ⅱ级的共有 6 种类型，植物 景观质量达到Ⅲ级的有 7 种类型，两个景区植物景观基本上都在Ⅲ级以上，但是都缺乏Ⅰ级优质景观，还有较大的景观升级改造空间。调查评价结果显示天然次生阔叶林的景观质量等级相比人工林的要高。 通过分析比较，帽峰山森林公园植物景观与石门等国家森林公园、自然保护区还存在着较大的差距，主要体现在：一是在组成主要森林植物景观的地带性阔叶林的林分质量、分布面积和树木种类上存在较大差距；二是缺乏观赏性强、特色比较鲜明的植物景观资源；三是在珍稀植物景观资源的分布种类和群落数量上有差距；四是在植物景观的原生性、地带性和典型性方面有较大差距；五是在对森林植物景观资源的发掘和利用上有较大差距。 最后，根据帽峰山森林公园当前植物景观的现状，从林分管护、林分改造和林分景观的营造等方面对公园今后植物景观的改造升级提出了建议。 关键词：帽峰山森林公园；植物景观；调查；分析 The investigation and analysis of Maofeng Mountain Forest Park plant landscape in Guangzhou Abstract：The plant communities with route and sample combining investigation method was studied in Gumiao and Tongluowang scenic spots area, according to the investigate results on the dominant tree species of plants landscape, main companion plants species and forest canopy density, the two scenic spots plants landscape was classified. The investigate results of plant landscape on rare, typical and richness were determined as the evaluation factors of plants landscape quality evaluation , the quality of plant landscape in the two scenic spots was evaluated with the method of comprehensive index. At the same time, the plant landscape resources quality of Maofeng mountain Forest Park were compared and analysised with Shimen and other national park, in order to find gaps between Maofeng mountain and Shimen as well as other Forest Park in the existing plant landscape resources. According to the results of this study, the plant landscape can be roughly divided into 14 types in Gumiao and Tongluowang scenic spots area, it was mainly broad-leaved forest landscape, Machilus chinensis, Castanopsis chinensis and Castanopsis fissa is the main dominant species in the plant landscape of the two scenic spots. The height of dominant species in two scenic spots were mainly distributed in the range of 5 —15m, and the diameter of the tree was mainly concentrated in the range of 20 - 30cm. According to the quality evaluation results of plant landscape in the two scenic spots ,it showed the plant landscape quality are better, the plant landscape quality of six types reach grade II, that seven types reach grade III, the plant landscape of two scenic spots are basically in grade III and above, but it was lack of high-quality landscape, there is a larger landscape upgrading space in the two scenic spots. The results of plant landscape quality investigation and evaluation show that the natural secondary broad-leaved forest is better than the plantation. From the results of comparison and analysis, there is a huge gap between Maofeng mountain and Shimen as well as other Forest Park in the plant landscape, one is the quality of zonal broad-leaved forest stands, distribution area and tree species; the second is the lack of more ornamental , more distinctive characteristics of plant landscape resources; the third is a gap in the number of species distribution and community of rare plant landscape resources; the fourth is a big gap between the original nature, the zone and the typical of the plant landscape, fifth is a large gap in the exploring and the utilization of forest plant landscape resources. Finally, according to the plant landscape state of Maofengshan Forest Park, the suggestions about upgrading plant landscape in the future is offered from the management and protection of forest, forest plant landscape construction, and other aspects. Keywords: Maofeng mountain Forest Park; plant landscape; investigation; analysis V 目 录 1 前言 1 1.1 相关概念 1 1.2 森林植物景观研究综述 1 1.3 研究背景及意义 4 2 材料与方法 5 2.1 帽峰山森林公园概况 5 2.2 研究方法 7 3 结果与分析 8 3.1 植物景观调查分析 8 3.2 古庙景区植物景观调查分析 9 3.2.1 黎蒴、华润楠和中华锥次生阔叶林景观 9 3.2.2 黎蒴、中华锥和木荷次生阔叶林景观 10 3.2.3 华润楠、楝叶吴茱萸和中华锥次生阔叶林景观 11 3.2.4 尾叶桉、马占相思、阴香人工阔叶林景观 12 3.2.5 中华锥、西南桦和华润楠次生阔叶林景观 12 3.2.6 阴香人工阔叶纯林景观 13 3.2.7 黄樟、尖叶杜英和尾叶桉人工阔叶林景观 13 3.2.8 红锥、乐昌含笑人工阔叶林景观 14 3.2.9 尖叶杜英人工林阔叶景观 15 3.2.10 华润楠、中华锥次生阔叶林景观 15 3.3 铜锣湾景区植物景观调查分析 16 3.3.1 黎蒴、华润楠、中华锥次生阔叶林景观 16 3.3.2 木荷、华润楠、黎蒴次生阔叶林景观 17 3.3.3 木荷、黎蒴、乌榄阔叶林景观 18 3.3.4 马占相思、杉木人工林景观 19 3.3.5 粉单竹、青皮竹林景观 19 3.4 植物景观调查结果分析 20 3.4.1 景观类型调查结果分析 20 3.4.2 景区植物景观质量等级评价分析 27 4 讨论与结论 30 4.1 与石门国家森林公园植物景观的分析比较 30 4.1.1 石门国家森林公园植物景观基本情况分析 30 4.1.2 分析比较 31 4.2 与鼎湖山国家自然保护区植物景观的分析比较 33 4.2.1 鼎湖山国家自然保护区植物景观基本情况分析 33 4.2.2 分析比较 34 4.3 与南昆山国家森林公园植物景观的分析比较 35 4.3.1 南昆山国家森林公园植物景观基本情况分析 35 4.3.2 分析比较 36 4.4 与银瓶山森林公园植物景观的分析比较 37 4.4.1 银瓶山森林公园植物景观基本情况分析 37 4.4.2 分析比较 38 4.5 结论 39 5 建议 40 5.1 对核心景区植物景观的改造建议 40 5.2 对外围景区植物景观的改造建议 42 参考文献 45 附录 47 1 前言 1.1 相关概念 植物是生命的主要表现形态之一，