2023年物理化学,面现象习题.doc

物理化学,面现象习题 　 外表现象习题 　在293K时，把半径为10-3 m的水滴分散成半径为10-6 m小水滴，问比外表增加了多少倍？外表吉布斯能增加了多少？完成该变化时，环境至少需做功多少？293K时水的外表张力为0.07288 N/m. 　解： 　将10-6 m3油分散到盛有水的烧杯内，形成半径为10-6 m的粒子的乳状液。设油水间界面张力为62×10-3 N/m，求分散过程所需的功为多少？所增加的外表自由能为多少？如果参加微量的外表活性剂之后，再进行分散，这是油水界面张力下降到42×10-3 N/m。问此分散过程所需的功比原来过程减少多少？ 　解： 　常压下，水的外表张力σ(N/m)与温度t (℃)的关系可表示为 σ＝ 7.564×10-2 － 1.4×10-4t 　假设在10℃时，保持水的总体积不变，试求可逆地扩大1cm2外表积时，体系的W、Q、ΔS、ΔG和ΔH。 　解： 　证明药粉S在两种不互溶的液体α和β中分布：〔1〕当σS, β> σS, α + σ,α, β，S分布在液体α中。 　〔2〕当σα, β> σS, α + σS, β，S分布在液体α、β之间的界面上。 　证明：药粉在两种不互溶的液体α和β中分布有三种可能状态，状态I：分布在液体α、β之间的界面上，状态II:分布在液体α中，状态III: 分布在液体β中。 　5.用本章学到的理论，对以下各题进行分析或判断： 　〔1〕两根水平放置的毛细管，管径粗细不均，管中装有少量液体，a管中为润湿性液体，b管中为不润湿液体。问两管内液体最后平衡位置在何处？为什么？ 　〔2〕在装有局部液体的毛细管中，将其一端小心加热时，问a润湿液体，b不润湿液体各向毛细管哪一端移动？为什么？ 　〔3〕在两块平行而又能完全润湿的玻璃板之间滴入水，形成一薄水层，试分析为何在垂直玻璃平面的方向上想把两块玻璃分开较为困难的原因。今有一薄水层，其厚度为10-6 m，设水的外表张力为72×10-3 N/m，玻璃板的长度l = 0.1 m，求两板之间的作用力。 　解释： 　〔1〕液体两侧外表张力相同，影响附加压力的是曲率半径。a管为凹液面，r0, Δp指向液体内部，左侧曲率半径小，Δp更大些，液体向右移动，直至两侧的曲率半径相同处为最后平衡位置。 　〔2〕毛细管的半径均匀，影响附加压力大小的是外表张力。液体的外表张力随温度的升高而降低。a管为凹液面，Δp方向指向液体外部，左侧液体受热，使σ下降，使Δp减小，所以液柱向右移动；a管为凸液面，Δp方向指向液体内部，左侧液体受热，使σ下降，使Δp减小，所以液柱向左移动； 　〔3〕水在两块玻璃板之间形成凹液面，rσ液－粉，液体1和3能润湿药粉； 　根据铺展条件ΔG = σ液 ＋ σ表皮－液 －σ表皮 σ液 ＋ σ表皮－液，液体2和3可以润湿虫体； 　综合2个条件，选择液体3最适宜。 　14. 292.15K丁酸水溶液的外表张力σ和浓度c的关系式为： σ＝ σ0 － aln(1+bc),求： 　(1)写出吉布斯吸附等温式； 　(2)当a = 13.1×10-3N/m, b = 19.62dm3/mol,计算c为 0.2mol/L时的吸附量Г； 　(3)丁酸在溶液外表的饱和吸附量Гm； 　(4)假定饱和吸附时外表上丁酸成单分子层吸附，计算在液面上每个丁酸分子的横截面积。 　解：〔1〕 　15. 25℃测得不同浓度下氢化肉桂酸水溶液的外表张力σ的数据为： 　c/kg/kg0.00350.00400.0045σ×103/N/m56.054.052.0求浓度为0.0041kg/kg及0.0050kg/kg时溶液外表的吸附量Г。 　解： 　以σ对c作图，得直线方程：σ ＝ 0.07 － 4c ，那么： 　emotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun also refuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targets　Eve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, some believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. 　Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty! I have win a series of victories, morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the history of guerrilla warfare.Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, town-wide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and old fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low-level flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire coming from the distance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe in the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustrated independent battalion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xi-Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of 　emotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun also refuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targets　Eve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, some believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. 　Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty! I have win a series of victories, morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the history of guerrilla warfare.Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, town-wide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and old fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low-level flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire coming from the distance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe in the town. One aft