2023年《安全常识灾害防范》之新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防治知识手册双语.docx

新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防治知识手册（双语） 新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防治知识手册Handbook of Prevention and Treatment of the Pneumonia Caused by the Novel Coronavirus (2023-nCoV） 天津市互联网信息办公室微医互联网总医院微医天津互联网医院2023年1月 Cyberspace Administration of TianjinWeDoctor Digital General HospitalWeDoctor Tianjin Digital HospitalJanuary 2023 目录 第一局部 病原特点1.什么是冠状病毒？ 2.冠状病毒有什么样的理化特性3.可感染人的冠状病毒有哪些4.什么是新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎5.感染新型冠状病毒的患者临床表现有哪些6.有针对新型冠状病毒的疫苗吗7.与患者密切接触者如何定义8.为什么要对密切接触者医学观察14天9.如果接到疾控部门通知，您是一位密切接触者，该怎么办 10.新型冠状病毒感染能治疗吗11.新型冠状病毒感染重症病例根本的应对策略有哪些 第二局部 疫情形势12.当前疫情开展态势是什么13.为什么短短几天增加了这么多确诊病例14.防控疫情的关键在哪里15.当前防控最有效的方法是什么16.新型冠状病毒传染源是什么17. 新型冠状病毒人传人吗18.人会通过哪些途径被传染19.新型冠状病毒会变异吗20.新型冠状病毒感染是否会像SARS一样凶猛 第三局部 防控常识21.新型冠状病毒感染肺炎的病例监测措施主要有哪些22.如何预防被新型冠状病毒感染23.接触动物有什么特别需要注意的事项 24.当出现了发热、咳嗽等病症时，一定要去医院吗？ Contents Part I Pathogen Characteristics1. What are coronaviruses 2. What are the physical and chemical characteristics of the coronavirus 3. What are the coronaviruses that can infect people 4. What is pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus 5. What are the clinical manifestations of someone infected with a novel coronavirus 6. Is there a vaccine for a novel coronavirus 7. How to define whether a person is in close contact with the patients 8. Why should close contacts be observed for 14 days 9. If you are informed by the disease control department that you are a close contact, what should you do 10. Can the novel coronavirus infection be treated11. What are the basic coping strategies for severe cases of novel coronavirus infection Part II Epidemic Situation12. What is the current situation of epidemic evolution 13. Why are confirmed cases increasing so quickly in just a few days 14. What is the key to prevent and control the outbreak 15. What is the most effective way to prevent and control the outbreak at present 16. What is the infection source of novel coronavirus 17. Can novel coronaviruses be transmitted from person to person 18. By which ways will people be infected 19. Will the novel coronavirus mutate20. Will the novel coronavirus infection be as fierce as SARS Part III Prevention and Control Knowledge21. What are the main monitoring measures for pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus 22. How to prevent the novel coronavirus infection 23. What should be paid special attention to when coming into contact with animals 24. When there are fever, cough, and other symptoms, do you have to go to the hospital 第一局部病原特点Part I Pathogen Characteristics 1.什么是冠状病毒 1. What are coronaviruses 冠状病毒是自然界广泛存在的一大类病毒，是目前核糖核酸(RNA)病毒中基因组最大的病毒，该病毒形态在电镜下观察类似于王冠而得名。冠状病毒仅感染脊椎动物，与人和动物的多种疾病有关，可引起人和动物呼吸道、消化道和神经系统疾病。Coronavirus is a kind of virus widely existing in nature. It is the largest known RNA virus in the genome and is named coronavirus, as its form is similar to the crown under the electron microscope. Coronavirus only infects vertebrates and is related to many diseases of humans and animals. It can cause respiratory tract, digestive tract, and nervous system diseases of humans and animals. 2.冠状病毒有什么样的理化特性 2. What are the physical and chemical characteristics of the coronavirus 冠状病毒对热敏感，56℃30分钟、乙醚、75%乙醇、含氯消毒剂、过氧乙酸和氯仿等脂溶剂均可有效灭活病毒。Coronavirus is sensitive to heat and can be effectively inactivated by 56 ℃ for 30 minutes, ethyl ether, 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectant, peracetic acid, and chloroform. 3.可感染人的冠状病毒有哪些 3. What are the coronaviruses that can infect people 迄今为止，除新型冠状病毒外，共发现6种可感染人类的冠状病毒(HCoV-229E、HCoV-OC43、SARS-CoV、HCoV-NL63、HCoV-HKU1和MERS-CoV)。其中4种在人群中较为常见，致病性较低，一般仅引起类似普通感冒的轻微呼吸道病症。另外2种是我们熟知的SARS (严重急性呼吸道综合征) 冠状病毒和MERS (中东呼吸综合征) 冠状病毒。 So farI in addition to the new coronavirus, we have found six kinds of coronaviruses such like HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and MERS-CoV that can infect humans. Four of them are common in the population, with low pathogenicity, generally only causing mild respiratory symptoms similar to the common cold. The other two are well-known SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses. 4.什么是新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎 4. What is the pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus 新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎是2023年12月在中国中部湖北省武汉市发现的，证实由一种新型冠状病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病。此新型冠状病毒是以前从未在人体中发现的冠状病毒新毒株，世界卫生组织将该冠状病毒命名为2023-nCoV，即新型冠状病毒。Pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus was found in central China’s Wuhan City, Hubei Province in December 2023. It has been proved to be an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a new type of coronavirus. The new coronavirus is a new strain of coronavirus that has not yet been previously found in the human body. The World Health Organization named the coronavirus 2023-nCov, namely a new coronavirus. 5. 感染新型冠状病毒的患者临床表现有哪些5. What are the clinical manifestations of someone infected with a novel coronavirus 以发热、乏力、干咳为主要表现。鼻塞、流涕等上呼吸道病症少见。约半数患者多在一周后出现呼吸困难，严重者快速进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征、脓血症休克、难以纠正的代谢性酸中毒和出凝血功能障碍。值得注意的是重症、危重症患者病程中可为中低热，甚至无明显发热。局部患者起病病症轻微，可无发热，多在1周后恢复。多数患者预后良好，少数患者病情危重，甚至死亡。Fever, weakness and dry cough are the main manifestations. Nasal obstruction, r