菏泽市花生种植户投入产出效率及影响因素研究-刘巧娜.pdf

分类号：095137 学 号：201904353014 专专 业业 学学 位位 硕硕 士士 论论 文文 菏泽市花生种植户投入产出效率及影响因素研究菏泽市花生种植户投入产出效率及影响因素研究 Study on Input-output Efficiency and Influencing Factors of Peanut Growers in Heze City 研 究 生 姓 名研 究 生 姓 名：刘巧娜刘巧娜 指指 导导 教教 师：师：周竹梅周竹梅副教授副教授 专业学位类型：专业学位类型：农业硕士农业硕士 专业学位领域：专业学位领域：农业管理农业管理 论文提交日期论文提交日期：20202222 年年 1 12 2 月月 3131 日日 烟台大学学位论文原创性声明和使用授权说明烟台大学学位论文原创性声明和使用授权说明 原创性声明原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品或成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。论文作者签名：日期：2022 年 12 月 31 日 学位论文使用授权说明学位论文使用授权说明 本人完全了解烟台大学关于收集、保存、使用学位论文的规定，即：按照学校要求提交学位论文的印刷本和电子版本；学校有权保存学位论文的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务；学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；在非保密的论文范围内，学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。（保密论文在解密后遵守此规定）论文作者签名：日期：2022 年 12 月 31 日 指导教师签名：日期：2022 年 12 月 31 日 I 摘 要 近年来，伴随着我国经济的腾飞，国民生活品质逐日提升,对于食用性植物油的需求也逐步增加，但是在现有土地种植面积一定的条件下，可供油料作物种植的土地面积也必然因此而受到限制，从而导致了我国食用性植物油供需矛盾的日渐凸显。山东省菏泽市是我国重要的花生主产区之一，不但有优越的地理位置和久远的种植历史，而且在这里花生是重要的油料作物和经济作物，因此提高花生种植户的投入产出效率对于促进菏泽市农业经济发展具有十分重要的现实意义，而梳理归纳出影响种植户投入产出效率的因素，并据此提出提高效率的合理化问题解决方案，对于促进菏泽市花生种植业的健康、可持续发展具有重要意义，进而也可为山东省乃至全国花生种植业的效率提高、油料产业的安全发展保障提供有益借鉴。本文在分析菏泽市花生种植条件的基础上，归纳整理了 2011-2020 年菏泽市花生的种植面积、总产量和单位面积产量等统计数据，并通过与山东省其他花生主产区进行对比，明晰了菏泽市花生种植业在本地乃至山东省油料作物供给版图中的重要地位及其在种植效率提升方面存在的诸多问题。通过问卷调查的形式向菏泽市八个花生主产县区种植户深入了解了当地花生种植业现状，根据 320 份有效问卷的调查数据，采用数据包络分析法，基于产出方向规模报酬可变的 BCC 模型，测算花生种植户的纯技术效率和规模效率以及综合效率，最终结果为：纯技术效率均值是0.39，规模效率均值是 0.793,综合效率均值是 0.316。由此可见，当地花生种植业综合效率水平较低，究其原因是纯技术效率与规模效率协同作用的结果，而纯技术效率在更大程度上拉低了综合效率。之后本文以菏泽市花生种植户的综合效率为因变量，以农户、投入、环境、政策四个方面共计十二个影响因素作为自变量进行 Tobit回归分析，以查找对投入产出效率具有显著影响的因素。结果显示，农户的受教育程度、高质量种苗获取程度、机械化程度、技能培训次数和政策宣传次数对花生种植户投入产出效率有正向显著影响，而土地成本、材料成本费用则对效率有负向显著影响，种植户年龄、花生种植经验、劳动力数量、是否加入合作社、花生种植补贴等对效率的影响不显著。根据研究结论本文得以总结出以下政策建议：首先，政府应加强教育资源投入和专业人才引进，以此提升种植户的综合素质；其次在种植过程中要加强先进技术和现代化机械的使用，提高农民的种植收益，同时在种植布II 局上应合理规划统筹，努力实现花生种植的规模化和专业化；再次，政府方面应积极开展技能培训，加大农业政策宣传力度；最后，专业合作社应努力提升管理水平，引导农民科学合理种植，为农民解决后期销售、加工等一系列问题，免除农民的后顾之忧。关键词：菏泽市；花生种植；投入产出效率；（DEA）数据包络分析法；BCC模型；Tobit 模型 III Abstract Nowadays,as Chinas economy develops rapidly,the living conditions of people have been improved accordingly day by day,and the demand for edible vegetable oil is also gradually increasing.The contradiction between supply and demand of edible vegetable oil in my country has become increasingly prominent.Heze City is the main peanut producing area in Shandong Province,It has a superior geographical location and a long planting history,Moreover,peanuts are considered as important oil crops as well as crash crops in Heze City.For this reason,it is undoubtly important to figure out the factors that influence the input-output efficiency of growers,and to propose corresponding suggestions and solutions，which will enhance an longlasting and healthy development of the peanut industry in Heze City.It can also provide a reference for Shandong Province and even the whole country to improve the efficiency of peanut planting and ensure the safe development of the oil industry.On the basis of analyzing the peanut planting conditions in Heze City,this paper summarizes the statistical data of peanut planting area,total yields and per unit yield from 2011 to 2020 in Heze City.By comparing with other main peanut producing areas in Shandong Province,this paper analyzes the important position of peanut planting in Heze City and the oil crop supply in Shandong Province.At the same time,it analyzes the problems existing in planting efficiency.Then,a questionnaire survey on the input-output efficiency and its influencing factors was conducted in farmers in the eight peanut-producing counties and districts in Heze City.According to the survey data of 320 valid questionnaires,the BCC model with variable returns to scale in the data envelopment analysis method is used to measure and calculate the pure technical efficiency,scale efficiency as well as comprehensive efficiency of peanut farmers.The final results indicated that the average pure technical efficiency was 0.39,and the average scale efficiency was 0.793,and the average comprehensive efficiency of the sample growers was 0.316.It can be obviously seen that the combined effect of scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency has resulted in the IV low level of comprehensive efficiency in which the influence of pure technical efficiency is more than that of scale efficiency.Afterwards,this paper takes the comprehensive efficiency of peanut farmers in Heze City as the dependent variable,and uses 12 influencing factors including farmer factors,input factors,environmental factors,and policy factors as independent variables to carry out Tobit regression analysis to find out the significantly influencing factors that impact on input-output efficiency.The results show that the education level,high-quality seedlings,mechanization degree,skill training times and policy publicity times of farmers have a positive and significant impact on the input-output efficiency of peanut farmers,while land cost and material cost have a negative impact on efficiency.The effects of farmers age,peanut pl