主要珊瑚化石类群的中译名_沿革与建议_王光旭.pdf

收稿日期:2022-07-14;改回日期:2022-10-13;录用日期:2022-10-27*国家自然科学基金(42072007)和中国科学院青年促进会(2020311)共同资助。*通讯作者:王光旭,副研究员;e-mail: 古生物学报,61(4):664671(2022年12月)Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,61(4):664671(December 2022)研究讨论 DOI:10.19800/ki.aps.2022035 主要珊瑚化石类群的中译名:沿革与建议*王光旭1*崔雨浓1,2 1 中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室,南京 210008;2 中国科学院大学,北京 100049 提要 Rugosa、Tabulata和Scleractinia是显生宙3个主要的珊瑚化石类群,它们的中文译名曾繁杂不一,至今未有一致意见。本文在追溯这些类群(及其同名)译名沿革的基础上,综合考虑它们的出处、准确性和接受度等因素,提出使用建议。Rugosa应译作目前广泛使用的“皱纹珊瑚”,而非少见的“皱珊瑚”“皱壁珊瑚”等,亦不宜译为意思不对应的“四射珊瑚”(因后者对应的是Tetracoralla、Tetracorallia或Tetraseptata,均属Rugosa的晚出同名,已被国际学界长期弃用)。Tabulata应译为由来已久(19世纪末)且影响广泛的“床板珊瑚”,而非出现较晚(20世纪60年代)、使用相对较少的“横板珊瑚”,更非鲜为人知的“牀板珊瑚”和“板珊瑚”等。Scleractinia应译作使用早、接受度极高的“石珊瑚”,而非不常见的“硬珊瑚”。关键词 中译名 珊瑚化石 皱纹珊瑚 床板珊瑚 石珊瑚 中文引用 王光旭,崔雨浓,2022.主要珊瑚化石类群的中译名:沿革与建议.古生物学报,61(4):664671.DOI:10.19800/ki.aps.2022035 英文引用 Wang Guang-xu,Cui Yu-nong,2022.Chinese names of major fossil coral groups:traditional and rec-ommended usage.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,61(4):664671.DOI:10.19800/ki.aps.2022035 Chinese names of major fossil coral groups:traditional and recommended usage WANG Guang-xu1,CUI Yu-nong1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China Abstract Rugosa,Tabulata and Scleractinia are the three major fossil coral groups in the Phanerozoic.However,Chinese translations of their names are inconsistent.In this paper,following an introduction of the concepts of the three groups,the history of their Chinese names is reviewed,and their recommended usages are discussed.Rugosa ranges from the Middle Ordovician through the Permian,and is typified by serial septal insertion in four quadrants.This taxon was established by Milne-Edwards and Haime in 1850.Therefore,Rugosa has priority over Tetracorallia Haeckel,1866,Tetracoralla Haeckel,1870,and Tetraseptata Grabau,1913,names subsequently intro-duced based on its distinctive mode of septal insertion.Chinese names of this fossil group first appeared in Japanese literature at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century,with Tetracoralla being translated as“四射珊瑚”or“四放珊瑚”,and Rugosa as“褶襞珊瑚”or“皱皮珊瑚”.Other translations introduced later by Chinese 4期 王光旭、崔雨浓:主要珊瑚化石类群的中译名;Wang and Cui:Chinese names of major fossil coral groups 665 authors include“皱纹珊瑚”,“皱壁珊瑚”,and“皱珊瑚”.Among all these translations,“四射珊瑚”and“皱纹珊瑚”are presently accepted and most widely used.But“皱纹珊瑚”is preferred herein due to the obsolescence of the terms Tetracorallia,Tetracoralla,and Tetraseptata,and their translation“四射珊瑚”.Tabulata was the other dominant coral group in the Paleozoic,ranging also from the Middle Ordovician to the end of the Permian.First proposed by Milne-Edwards and Haime in 1850,the name Tabulata takes priority over Asep-tata Grabau,1913.Its earliest Chinese translation was derived from the Japanese kanji name“床板珊瑚”at the end of the nineteenth century.Subsequent names translated by Chinese coral workers include“牀板珊瑚”,“横板珊瑚”,and“板珊瑚”.Among them,both“床板珊瑚”and“横板珊瑚”are still commonly used.However,we prefer the former due to its much longer history and more popularity.It is noteworthy that some authors used the name Aseptata and its translation“无射珊瑚”,and some adopted the concept of Tabulatomorpha Sokolov,1971 and its translations of“床板珊瑚形珊瑚”and“床板珊瑚型珊瑚”.However,none of them has received much attention.Scleractinia,one of the major reef-building groups,first occurred in the Middle Triassic and persists to the pre-sent day.Forms now assigned to Scleractinia were initially part of Madreporaria Milne-Edwards and Haime,1857.However,it was not until 1900 when Bourne introduced the name Scleractinia,and 1943 when Vaughan and Wells proposed its current concept.Two Chinese translations of the name Scleractinia have thus far been available,i.e.,“石珊瑚”and“硬珊瑚”,with the former being more widely used and thus being recommended in this paper.Key words Chinese translations,fossil corals,Rugosa,Tabulata,Scleractinia 1 前 言 Rugosa、Tabulata和Scleractinia是显生宙3个主要的珊瑚化石类群,隶属于刺胞动物门(Phyllum Cnidaria)珊瑚纲(Class Anthzoa)。这些类群的名字常见于中文学术期刊和科普出版物,但它们的译名繁杂不一,给读者造成了不便甚至误解。本文在澄清这3个化石类群概念、追溯其中译名沿革的基础上,综合考虑这些译名的出处、准确性和接受度等因素,提出使用建议,以期达成更广泛的共识。2 Rugosa 2.1 概念 Rugosa(或rugose corals、rugosans),一般被归作珊瑚纲的一个亚纲或目,生存于中奥陶世至二叠 纪 末(Hill,1981;Scrutton,1997)。它 由Milne-Edwards和Haime(1850)作为一个单独的类群提出,后因其隔壁具有四分排列的特点又被称为Tetracorallia Haeckel,1866、Tetracoralla Haeckel,1870或Tetraseptata Grabau,1913。Hill(1956)在经典的 古无脊椎动物论丛F部分(下文简称 论丛)中,将Tetracorallia、Tetracoralla和Tetraseptata全部列为Rugosa的晚出同名,并在此后新的论丛版本里(Hill,1981)重申了这一观点,得到学界的广泛认同。2.2 译名沿革与建议 这类珊瑚的汉字译名最初由日本学者译出,最早似见于横山又次郎(1894)所著的化石学教科书(上卷)。横山氏当时采用的是Tetracoralla,因此相应译之为“四射珊瑚”。这一译名在他此后的著作中得到沿用(如:横山又次郎,1894,1903,1907,1918,1920),影响甚大。也有学者将Tetracoralla译作“四放珊瑚”(如:饭岛魁 1918)。相比之下,Rugosa在日文文献里鲜见,被译为“褶襞珊瑚”(石川成章,1903)或“皱皮珊瑚”(饭岛魁,1918)。在我国,从清末民初直至1956年,“四射珊瑚”一名盛行。原因有二:首先这与当时日译教科书或大众读物的广泛影响有关,这些著作中均使用了Tetracoralla及其译名“四射珊瑚”(