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覆盖
林木
枝条
旱区
苜蓿
根系
菌根
真菌
影响
王博
第 32 卷第 2 期Vol.32,No.215-252023 年 2 月草业学报ACTA PRATACULTURAE SINICA王博,张茹,刘静,等.翻埋与覆盖林木枝条对干旱区沙化土壤及紫花苜蓿根系丛枝菌根真菌的影响.草业学报,2023,32(2):1525.WANG Bo,ZHANG Ru,LIU Jing,et al.Effects of incorporated and mulched tree branches on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the desertified soil androot of alfalfa in arid areas.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2023,32(2):1525.翻埋与覆盖林木枝条对干旱区沙化土壤及紫花苜蓿根系丛枝菌根真菌的影响王博1,2,张茹3,刘静1,2,李志刚1,2*(1.宁夏大学农学院,宁夏 银川 750021;2.宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心,宁夏 银川 750021;3.宁夏师范学院数学与计算机科学学院,宁夏 固原756000)摘要:沙化是全球干旱半干旱地区土壤退化的主要类型之一,而该地区的生态防护林、农田防护林及城市森林的林木修剪物为沙化土壤的改良提供了丰富的资源。本研究以宁夏易得的杨树枝条为材料,设置了覆盖(M)、翻埋(W)、翻埋+覆盖(WB)及无任何枝条添加的对照(CK)4种处理,测定了土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、紫花苜蓿地上生物量及菌根侵染率等指标,并利用 Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术研究了土壤与根系丛枝菌根(AM)真菌群落结构,分析了影响 AM 真菌侵染率及群落结构的主要驱动因子。研究结果表明,翻埋与覆盖处理均不同程度改善了土壤性质,提高了紫花苜蓿地上生物量,但总体以 WB 处理效果较佳;相比 CK,处理 WB 还显著提高了紫花苜蓿根系总侵染率、丛枝侵染率、菌丝侵染率、泡囊侵染率及土壤孢子数(P0.05)。此外,NMDS和 PERMANOVA分析结果显示,处理 WB 对土壤与根系 AM 真菌群落结构存在显著响应(P0.05)。相关分析和 dbRDA 分析结果进一步表明,AM 真菌的侵染状况及群落结构的改变与土壤性质及紫花苜蓿地上生物量密切相关,且紫花苜蓿地上生物量与土壤无机氮含量是影响土壤及根系 AM 真菌群落结构的共有主要因子。综上所述,WB 由于在改善土壤理化性质和促进 AM 真菌侵染定殖及活性方面效果较好,所以该处理可为推广利用林木废弃物进行干旱半干旱区沙化土壤的改良恢复提供科学依据。关键词:林木枝条;土壤改良;AM 真菌侵染率;AM 真菌群落结构;干旱半干旱区Effects of incorporated and mulched tree branches on arbuscular mycorrhizalfungi in the desertified soil and root of alfalfa in arid areasWANG Bo1,2,ZHANG Ru3,LIU Jing1,2,LI Zhi-gang1,2*1.School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;2.Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry EngineeringTechnology Research Centre,Yinchuan 750021,China;3.School of Mathematics and Computer Science,Ningxia NormalUniversity,Guyuan 756000,ChinaAbstract:Desertification is one of the main land degradation processes in arid and semiarid areas globally.However,there is an abundant supply of woody organic materials,from ecological shelterbelts,farmland shelterbelts,andurban forests which can provide raw materials for amendments for soil restoration in these areas.Trimmed poplar(Populus alba)branches available in Ningxia were used for amendment materials in this study.Four amendmentDOI:10.11686/cyxb2022248http:/收稿日期:2022-06-07;改回日期:2022-07-02基金项目:宁夏重点研发项目(2021BEG03010;2021BEB04002)和宁夏自然科学基金(2022AAC05013)资助。作者简介:王博(1995-),男,宁夏贺兰人,在读硕士。E-mail:wb_ 通信作者 Corresponding author.E-mail:Vol.32,No.2ACTA PRATACULTURAE SINICA(2023)treatments(with five replicates)were set up:Wood chip mulch(M),wood chip incorporation(W),wood chipincorporation with branch cover(WB)and zero addition(CK).Then,soil physio-chemical properties,enzymeactivities,aboveground biomass of Medicago sativa,and arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi colonization rate weredetermined.Meanwhile,the Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to measure AM fungalcommunity structure both in soil and roots.Finally,data were analyzed to identify the key driving factors whichaffect AM fungi colonization and community structure.It was found that all branch amendments improved soilproperties and increased the aboveground biomass of alfalfa.Compared with CK,the WB treatment generated thebest enhancement effect.Moreover,the WB treatment also significantly increased the colonization of roots byarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),and increased clump abundance,hyphal abundance,vesicle abundance,andsoil spore number(P0.05).Also,compared with CK,the WB treatment significantly increased the Chao1 andACE indexes of AM fungi in the root(P0.05).In addition,non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)andpermutational MANOVA(PERMANOVA)analyses indicated that the WB treatment induced a significant soil androot AM fungal community structure response(P0.05).Additionally,correlation analysis and distance-basedredundancy analysis(dbRDA)indicated that colonization and community structure of AM fungi were closelycorrelated with soil properties and alfalfa above-ground biomass.Furthermore,above-ground biomass of alfalfa andinorganic nitrogen were identified as the mutual and key factors affecting AM fungal community both in soil and root.In all,WB substantially improved soil properties and accelerating colonization and activity of AM fungi,so theseresults provide a scientific basis for promoting the use of forest residues for the improvement and restoration ofdesertified soil in arid and semi-arid areas.Key words:tree branches;soil amendment;AM fungal colonization;AM fungal community structure;arid andsemi-arid areas土壤退化在全球干旱半干旱地区普遍发生,而沙化是最主要的土地退化类型之一,也是影响全球生态和社会经济最严重的问题之一1。据此,国内外就覆盖或者有机物料添加措施进行土壤水分保持和土壤养分提高方面展开了大量研究,常见的措施有秸秆还田覆盖2、砾石覆盖3、地表覆膜覆盖4、有机物料(秸秆、有机肥等)添加5及凋落物返还等。作为沙化地区生态环境和农田的主要保护屏障-生态防护林和农田防护林在我国北方干旱半干旱地区广泛分布6,因而近年来学者们在利用林木废弃物/修剪物进行沙化土壤改良方面也开展了大量研究,而且表明林木枝条翻埋或覆盖可以显著改善土壤水分条件7、提高土壤养分8、促进植物生长9-10,同时也改善了微生物的群落结构和功能11。然而,目前还缺乏林木枝条改良对土壤及植物根系丛枝菌根真菌影响的研究。丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)是陆地生态系统分布最广泛的互惠共生菌之一,可以与超过 80%的陆生植物根系形成共生关系12。AM 真菌对植物生长及土壤养分循环具有重要作用,包括提高植物对水分及碳、氮、磷等养分的吸收利用,促进土壤氮、磷循环13,增强植物对环境压力(营养缺乏、干旱、土壤退化)的耐受性14-16。Aguilar等17研究发现,施用有机肥料会刺激菌根的形成,并增加 AMF 的多样性18。Alguacil等19研究还表明,土壤中添加作物秸秆亦促进了土壤中 AM 真菌多样性和生物活性,并且 AM 真菌微生物多样性及生物活性与土壤质量的改善呈正相关。因此,推测翻埋与覆盖林木枝条可能对 AM 真菌的侵染率和多样性的