风寒
感人
常见
相关
症状
反应
辨析
董俭
中华中医药杂志(原中国医药学报)2023年2月第38卷第2期 CJTCMP,February 2023,Vol.38,No.2 750 20 乔明琦.中医情志学.北京:中国中医药出版社,2019:18-1921 唐昝殷.经效产宝.朱定华,整理.北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:6722 宋陈自明.妇人大全良方.刘洋,校注.北京:中国医药科技出版社,201123 宋陈无择.三因极一病证方论.王象礼,张玲,赵怀舟,校注.北京:中国中医药出版社,2007:35424 明李梴.医学入门.田代华,金丽,何永,点校.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1999:97725 明武之望.清汪淇,笺释.济阴纲目.张黎临,王清,校注.北京:中国中医药出版社,1998:38426 清江涵暾.笔花医镜.郭瑞华,点校.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1999:7027 清柴得华.妇科冰鉴.王耀廷,洪晓明,王丹,点校.北京:中医古籍出版社,1995:112-11328 宋陈素庵,著.明陈文昭,补解.陈素庵妇科补解.上海中医学会妇科学会文献组,整理.上海:上海科学技术出版社,198329 清冯兆张.冯氏锦囊秘录.王新华,点校.北京:人民卫生出版社,1998:48930 明孙文胤.丹台玉案.竹剑平,欧春,金策,校注.北京:中国中医药出版社,2016:25131 清萧壎.女科经纶.姜典华,校注.北京:中国中医药出版社,199732 清沈金鳌.妇科玉尺.余涛,陆海峰,李晓寅,等,校注.北京:中国中医药出版社,2015:10033 清鲍相璈.验方新编:下册.周光优,严肃云,禹新初,点校.北京:人民卫生出版社,1990:31334 清傅青主.傅青主女科校释.何高明,注释.太原:山西人民出版社,1997:150-15135 杨歆科,唐启盛.论产后抑郁症“补虚祛瘀,颐脑醒神”治法.中华中医药杂志,2012,27(4):1131-113536 尹冬青,贾竑晓.贾竑晓基于中医“五神藏”以精神症状为主辨治精神类疾病的学术思想探讨.中华中医药杂志,2017,32(6):2544-254737 王强,潘东梅,张二伟,等.精神障碍视角下金匮要略中的躯体症状障碍研究.中华中医药杂志,2018,33(8):3352-335538 美国精神医学学会.精神障碍诊断与统计手册(案头参考书).5版.北京:北京大学出版社,2014:92-93(收稿日期:2021年8月31日)风寒初感人体常见寒相关症状反应辨析董俭1,王天芳2,李晓莉1,周开林1,沈无瑕3,李冠颖1,王珊珊1(1北京中医药大学人文学院,北京 100029;2北京中医药大学中医学院,北京 100029;3中国康复研究中心,北京 100068)摘要:人体外感阶段的寒、热症状反应为历代医家所重视。寒相关症状主要包括恶寒、畏寒、恶风、寒战等,风寒初感以恶寒、恶风多见,其在中医诊断学的内涵、临床意义界定存在模糊与不一致,在中医诊断和临床教材中的应用也有一定衔接问题。为厘清恶寒、恶风等风寒初感阶段寒相关症状的内涵与临床意义,文章结合古今文献展开探讨,得出恶寒在古代医籍中泛指怕冷,自现代教材与畏寒加以区分,但在临床辨析二者时应参照他症。对恶寒临床意义的认识,也不应局限于其与外感表证的对应关系。而恶风主要病机在于表虚,表现为当风不适感,可与恶寒并见。经以上辨析,以期厘清中医诊断学教材中寒相关概念的内涵与外延,为其规范化使用提供参考。关键词:寒邪;风邪;症状反应;恶寒;恶风;畏寒基金资助:北京中医药大学新教师启动基金项目(No.2019-JYB-XJSJJ016),北京中医药大学教育专项课题(No.XJZX2016)Differentiation and analysis of common cold-related symptom responses at initial stage of wind-cold pathogenic factors attackDONG Jian1,WANG Tian-fang2,LI Xiao-li1,ZHOU Kai-lin1,SHEN Wu-xia3,LI Guan-ying1,WANG Shan-shan1(1School of Humanities,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China;2School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China;3China Rehabilitation Research Center,Beijing 100068,China)研究报告通信作者:王天芳,北京市朝阳区北三环东路11号北京中医药大学中医学院,邮编:100029,电话(传真):010-64286661E-mail:内文2.indd 7502023/2/28 10:35:41中华中医药杂志(原中国医药学报)2023年2月第38卷第2期 CJTCMP,February 2023,Vol.38,No.2 751 Abstract:The symptom responses related to cold and heat at the initial stage of exterior pathogenic factor attack have been greatly appreciated by doctors of all dynasties.The cold-related symptoms mainly include Wu Han(aversion to cold),Wei Han(fear of cold),Wu Feng(aversion to wind),and Han Zhan(chills),with aversion to cold/wind most commonly seen at the initial stage of wind-cold attack.While some of those cold-related symptoms are vague and inconsistent in terms of connotation and clinical significance in various TCM Diagnostics textbooks,and they are not consistently applied in various TCM clinical textbooks.In order to clarify the connotation and clinical significance of those cold-related symptoms seen at the initial stage of wind-cold attack,an analysis is carried out in this paper by integrating ideas from both ancient and modern books and papers.On basis of that,the following ideas are confirmed:Aversion to cold has been used as a symptom generally referring to fear of cold,and its only clearly differentiated from the symptom of intolerance of cold until modern TCM Diagnostics textbooks.Other symptoms and factors should be taken into consideration in the clinical differentiation of these two symptoms.Besides,the clinical significance of aversion to cold should not be limited to its correlation to exterior patterns.The main pathogenesis of aversion to wind should be viewed as exterior deficiency instead of being similar to that of aversion to cold.Accordingly,the clinical manifestation of aversion to wind is the discomfort when exposed to wind,and this symptom could coexist with aversion to cold.With such a differentiation and analysis,we hope to clarify the connation and significance of cold-related symptoms in TCM Diagnostics and provide references for their standardized usage.Key words:Cold pathogenic factor;Wind pathogenic factor;Symptom responses;Aversion to cold;Aversion to wind;Intolerance of coldFunding:Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Start-up Fund Project for New Teachers(No.2019-JYB-XJSJJ016),Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Education Research Project(No.XJZX2016)外感病中,人体寒、热症状表现对于疾病的诊疗和预后判断具有重要临床意义,为历代医家所重视。风寒之邪初袭的常见症状,以恶寒和恶风较为多见。中医诊断学 教材“问寒热”一节常对这些症状的内涵进行界定与区分,同时这些症状广泛应用于临床各科教材对病证表现的描述中,但存在内涵界定模糊、基础与临床教材应用衔接脱节的情况。因此,本文主要探讨和辨析在外感风寒初期,中医所关注的恶寒、恶风等人体常见寒相关症状的异同,以期厘清中医诊断学教材相关概念的内涵与外延,为相关症状规范化使用提供参考。症状反应概念现代医学话语体系中,“症状反应”通常指某一疾病患者群体对特定治疗方案的症状改善情况,是医生进行临床决策的主要依据,主要包括治疗阶段的早期反应、延期反应和无反应,也包括治疗后的后序反应等1-2。而在中医话语体系中,“症状反应”概念首先由胡希恕先生基于多年研究伤寒论的经验和临床体会提出。区别于现代医学所指症状反应(产生于治疗方案后),中医的“症状反应”多指人体感受邪气后的临床表现。基于中医诊断几千年所形成的司外揣内、因发知受等诊病原理,中医对疾病诊疗方案的制定主要来源于症状反应的经验总结,特别是在最为常见的外感疾病诊治中尤其如此。根据中医经方“随症治之”的特色理念,有学者将症状反应定义为因内外邪气与人体正气相互作用,导致病后出现各种自觉和他觉症状,望诊、切诊所见舌脉变化,以及各种病理产物3。本文中的“症状反应”沿袭中医话语体系内的界定,着重在于探讨中医诊断学教材所涉相关自觉和他觉症状。风寒初感阶段中医症状反应机制及临床意义人体感受风寒之邪初期,正邪相争于表,引起自觉寒热异常或体温的异常改变,常见发热、恶寒、无汗等症状反应,可视为人体祛邪向愈