封育对干热河谷Savanna植物群落种间关联性的影响_何光熊.pdf

第 32 卷第 2 期Vol.32，No.21-142023 年 2 月草业学报ACTA PRATACULTURAE SINICA何光熊，史正涛，闫帮国，等.封育对干热河谷 Savanna植物群落种间关联性的影响.草业学报，2023，32（2）：114.HE Guang-xiong，SHI Zheng-tao，YAN Bang-guo，et al.Effects of fencing enclosure on interspecific associations in a Savanna grassland community inChina s arid-hot valley region.Acta Prataculturae Sinica，2023，32（2）：114.封育对干热河谷 Savanna植物群落种间关联性的影响何光熊1，2，3，4，史正涛1，闫帮国2，3，4，杨淏舟2，3，4，孙毅2，3，4，王艳丹2，3，4，余建琳2，3，4，和润莲2，3，4，史亮涛2，3，4，方海东2，3，4*（1.云南师范大学地理学部，云南 昆明 650500；2.云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所，云南 元谋 651300；3.云南干热河谷植物园，云南 元谋651300；4.云南省元谋县金雷国家水土保持科技示范园，云南 元谋 651300）摘要：为探讨封育措施对干热河谷稀树灌草丛（Savanna）群落种间关系的影响，在金沙江干热河谷实施水土保持封育 20年的区域及其周边区域设置封育区和干扰区样地开展植被调查，应用方差比率（VR）法、2检验结合 Jaccard指数法以及 Spearman 秩相关系数法对 25 个优势物种的种间关系进行比较分析。结果表明：封育导致稀树灌草丛群落组成及结构发生明显变化，有助于橘草等多年生乡土禾草的生长，促进假杜鹃（Bc）、清香木（Pw）和地檀香（Gf）等一些木质化程度较高的物种留存，同时抑制一年生物种、杂草类物种和外来物种的出现，在群落中形成多个建群物种；干热河谷稀树灌草丛群落总体种间联结以正联结为主，封育促进群落形成更加复杂的种间联结关系；相较于封育区，干扰区群落物种间存在较高的资源竞争或生态关系的相互排斥，促进一年生物种、杂草类物种和外来物种间形成较强的正联结关系，形成以黄茅为代表的单优势建群种群落，而封育区群落总体种间关系呈现显著正联结状态，促进豆科物种、木质化物种、乡土物种间形成正联结关系，优势物种间正负相关关系同时加强。以上结论表明，封育措施对干热河谷稀树灌草丛优势植物种间关系有重要影响，通过影响植物群落物种组成、功能群结构等强化优势种间的相互作用是其重要影响途径。关键词：种间联结；种间关系；生态种组；封育Effects of fencing enclosure on interspecific associations in a Savanna grasslandcommunity in China s arid-hot valley regionHE Guang-xiong1，2，3，4，SHI Zheng-tao1，YAN Bang-guo2，3，4，YANG Hao-zhou2，3，4，SUN Yi2，3，4，WANG Yan-dan2，3，4，YU Jian-lin2，3，4，HE Run-lian2，3，4，SHI Liang-tao2，3，4，FANG Hai-dong2，3，4*1.Department of Geography，Yunnan Normal University，Kunming 650500，China；2.Institute of Tropical Eco-agriculturalSciences，Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Yuanmou 651300，China；3.Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley Botanical Garden，Yuanmou 651300，China；4.National Soil and Water Conservation Science and Technology Demonstration Park of YunnanYuanmou Jinlei，Yuanmou 651300，ChinaAbstract：This research studied the effects of fencing enclosure on interspecific associations in a Savanna grasslandplant community.Fencing enclosure and disturbed areas were set up and maintained for 20 years to facilitateinvestigation of vegetation and water and soil conservation techniques in the arid-hot valley region surrounding theJinsha River，and 25 dominant species from the two zones were selected as marker plants to calculate interspecificDOI：10.11686/cyxb2022080http：/收稿日期：2022-02-18；改回日期：2022-06-06基金项目：云南省自然生态监测网络监测项目（2022-YN-18），云南省重点研发计划项目（2019BC001-02）和国家自然科学基金项目（31460127）资助。作者简介：何光熊（1987-），男，云南牟定人，副研究员，在读博士。E-mail： 通信作者 Corresponding author.E-mail：Vol.32，No.2ACTA PRATACULTURAE SINICA（2023）association indexes using the variance ratio（VR）method，chi-square testing，Jaccard index and Spearman rankcorrelational methods.Findings included the following.Enclosure resulted in obvious changes in the communitycomposition and structure and nurtured the growth of native herbs such as like Cymlopogon goeringii（Cg），andpromoted the establishment of more lignified species such as Barleria cristata（Bc），Pistacia weinmanniifolia（Pw）and Gaultheria forrestii（Gf），while inhibiting annual species，weed species and alien species，resulting in theemergence of a plant community dominated by constructive species.The overall interspecific association of Savannagrassland community in arid-hot valley was mainly positive，and enclosure facilitated the formation of more complexinterspecific associations within the plant community.In disturbed areas，a strong positive association betweenannual species，weed species and alien species was strongly evident and a high resource competition or mutualecological exclusion was stronger among community species，resulting in a single dominant species communityrepresented by Heteropogon contortus（Hc）.Overall the interspecific relationships in the enclosed area showed asignificant positive association，with the formation of a positive association among leguminous species，lignifiedspecies and native species，while the positive and negative correlations among dominant species was alsostrengthened after enclosure.These results suggest that fencing enclosure has a significant effect on the relationshipbetween dominant species in Savanna grassland from the arid-hot valley zone，affecting the species composition andfunctional group structure of the plant community.The resulting enhancement of the interaction between dominantspecies appears to be ecologically important.Key words：interspecific association；interspecies relationship；ecological groups；enclosure封育通过人为划定特定空间和范围，实施围栏等保护措施，避免人为活动的强烈干扰，促进区域内生态系统的自然恢复，是陆地植物生态系统恢复的最重要措施之一1-2。种间关系通常用种间关联性和种间相关性来表示，定性或定量地描述群落及其物种的相似性及相互作用强度，是群落动态的基础，亦是群落结构和功能的重要组成部分3-4。研究表明，封育措施对植物群落种间关系有重要影响，进而作用于群落结构、演替等生态功能或进程。如围封 6年后，温带半干旱典型草原群落优势种种间联结程度提高4；大兴安岭东南麓的低山丘陵向西辽河平原过渡地带的草原，其放牧退化演替进程中，群落内主要植物种间的总体联结性在重牧阶段、过牧阶段为显著正关联，到极牧阶段则为无关联5；内蒙古高原短花针茅（Stipa breviflora）荒漠草原中，物种间相对亲和性会因放牧制度的改变而改变，植物群落种间关系正联结强度表现为禁牧区划区轮牧区自由放牧区，负联结种对数的多少表现为禁牧区划区轮牧区自由放牧区6，同时，伴随放牧强度的增加，短花针茅植物群落总体关联性呈现向正联结转变的趋势7。这些研究揭示了特定气候类型或区域草地群落组成及结构对封育措施的响应关系，为后续草地的管理或生态恢复措施的制定奠定了重要基础，成为理解区域植被生态系统恢复进程中群落构建规则与适应模式的重要手段。我国西南干热河谷稀树灌草丛（Savanna）群落是一类独特的脆弱植