2023年Hypertension（教学课件）.ppt

HypertensionHypertension 高 血 压 病 What Is Hypertension Hypertension(HTN)is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).High blood pressure is often called a silent killer because many people have it but dont know it.Over time,people who do not get treated for high blood pressure can get very sick or even die.Diagnosis Blood pressure:Blood pressure readings are usually given as two numbers-The top number is called the systolic blood pressure,and the bottom number is called the diastolic blood pressure.Height,weight and waist(腰围):The wider the waist is,the shorter your life is Cardiopulmonary examination(心肺检查)and neurological examination(神经系统检查):to know whether you have the cardiovascular complications(心脑血管幵发症)Urine routine(尿常规):If there is anemia(贫血),hematuria(血尿),it should be considered as renal hypertension or hypertension leads to severe renal damage.Blood biochemical(血生化):Low serum potassium(低血钾)may lead to secondary hypertension Electrocardiogram ECG(心电图):know whether hypertension leads to Cardiac hypertrophy(心肌肥厚),arrhythmia(心律失常)pressure.Retinopathy(视网膜病变)Diagnosis Hypertension Essential Hypertension 原发性高血压高血压病9095%Secondary Hypertension继发性高血压 510%primary or essential hypertension:high blood pressure with no obvious underlying(潜在的,根本的)medical cause.Secondary Hypertension:High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件)or medication(药物)that affect the kidneys,arteries,heart or endocrine system.Primary or Essential Hypertension Benign Hypertension (Chronic Hypertension)良性/缓进性高血压 Malignant Hypertension(Accelerated Hypertension)恶性/急进性高血压 Classification Of Hypertension Pathological Changes(病变)Hypertension Symptoms Left ventricle in hypertensive heart disease.Primary granularPrimary granular (grnjl,(grnjl,颗粒状的颗粒状的)atrophy(trfi:,atrophy(trfi:,萎缩萎缩)of the)of the kidneykidney原发性颗粒性固缩肾原发性颗粒性固缩肾 ArteriolarArteriolar (:tiriul,(:tiriul,小动脉的小动脉的)nephrosclerosisnephrosclerosis (nefrsklirusis)(nefrsklirusis)细动细动脉性肾硬化脉性肾硬化 hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage高血压病脑出血高血压病脑出血 Hypertensive retinopathy(retinpi,(retinpi,视网膜病变视网膜病变)Complications(并发症并发症)When blood pressure is not well controlled,you are at risk for:Bleeding from the aorta(e:t,主动脉出血主动脉出血),the large blood vessel that supplies blood to the abdomen(bdmn),pelvis(pelvs),and legs(给腹部、骨盆和腿部供血的给腹部、骨盆和腿部供血的大血管大血管)Chronic kidney disease(慢慢性肾疾病性肾疾病)Heart attack and heart failure(心脏病和心力衰竭心脏病和心力衰竭)Poor blood supply to the legs(下肢供血缺乏下肢供血缺乏)Stroke(中风中风/脑卒中脑卒中)Problems with your vision(视觉障碍视觉障碍)Treatment The DASH Diet pay attention to diet regulation,eat the food with low salt and low animal fat,avoid cholesterol-rich foods Drug therapy(药物治疗)Diuretics(dajuretk)(利尿药)Calcium Channel Blockers (钙通道阻滞剂)Beta-blockers (-阻断剂)ACEangiotensin-converting enzyme Inhibitors(nhbt(r)(血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂)Exercise Prevention Adults over 18 should have their blood pressure checked regularly.Lifestyle changes may help control your blood pressure.Exercise often.Eat foods low in salt.Lose weight or keep weight at a healthy level.Do not smoke.Limit alcohol.atrophy trfi:,萎缩 Pathology A wasting or decrease in size of a body organ,tissue,or part owing to disease,injury,or lack of use:muscular atrophy of a person affected with paralysis.A wasting away,deterioration,or diminution:intellectual atrophy.The cultural life of the country will sink into atrophy unless more writers and artists emerge.如果没有更多的作家和艺术家出现，这个国家的文化生活将衰退。If you allow your mind to stagnate,this particular talent will atrophy.如果你老不用脑，那么这一特殊才能就会退化。WORD LIST granular grnjl,颗粒状的 Biology Containing granules:granular cells.Composed or appearing to be composed of granules or grains.Having a grainy texture.1.Objective To investigate the antipyretic,analgesic and antiinflammatory effects of xiaoerkanggan granular.目的 观察小儿抗感颗粒的解热、镇痛、抗炎作用.2.The mucosa was thinned、flattened,rugal folds became flattened,surface of mucosa appeared fine granular.肉眼,胃粘膜薄而平滑,皱襞变浅,有的几乎消失,粘膜外表呈细颗粒状,偶有出血及糜烂.WORD LIST Arteriolar:tiriul,小动脉的 One of the small terminal branches of an artery,especially one that connects with a capillary The arteriolar wall is markedly thickened and the lumen is narrowed.动脉壁明显增厚，管腔狭窄。Retinal arteriolar tortuosity with retinal hemorrhage was first described in 1958.视网膜小动脉弯曲合幵复发性视网膜出血在1958第一次被提出。WORD LIST nephrosclerosis nefrsklirusis,细动脉性肾硬化 kidney disease that is usually associated with hypertension;sclerosis of the renal arterioles reduces blood flow that can lead to kidney failure and heart failure In malignant nephrosclerosis,the kidney demonstrates focal small hemorrhages.恶性肾硬化时,肾脏出现局灶性出血.WORD LIST retinopathy retinpi,视网膜病变 A pathological disorder of the retina.Objective:To study the perioperative nursing of elderly proliferative diabetic retinopathy.目的：探讨老年增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的围手术期护理方法。Diabetes retinopathy(DRP)is one of severe complications of microvasculatures.糖尿病视网膜病变(DRP)是糖尿病(DM)的严重微血管幵发症之一。WORD LIST Diuretics(dajuretk,利尿药)A substance or drug that tends to increase the discharge of urine.Some d