鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组沉积环境恢复与源储配置关系_吴东旭.pdf

第 48 卷 第 2期2 0 2 3 年 2 月Vol.48 No.2Feb.2 0 2 3地球科学 Earth Sciencehttp:/https:/doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2022.346鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组沉积环境恢复与源储配置关系吴东旭1，2，周进高1，2，任军峰3，李维岭1，2，魏柳斌3，于洲1，2，张才利3，王少依1，21.中国石油杭州地质研究院，浙江杭州 3100232.中国石油集团公司碳酸盐岩储层重点实验室，浙江杭州 3100233.中国石油长庆油田分公司勘探开发研究院，陕西西安 710018摘要：碳酸盐岩膏盐岩组合蕴含了全球 46%的碳酸盐岩油气储量，是重要的油气富集层位.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组发育大套厚层碳酸盐岩膏盐岩混合沉积，目前在盐上已发现了近万亿方探明储量.盐下和盐间有无勘探潜力？对该沉积体系的古环境恢复是关键.通过对盆内 T112井 400 m 系统取芯进行描述，结合薄片鉴定、微量元素、稀土元素、碳、氧、锶同位素、岩石组分等分析，对马家沟组碳酸盐岩膏盐岩沉积体系的沉积环境进行了恢复.根据海平面升降和水体氧化程度的变化，该体系可以划分为 4个亚环境，分别是缺氧段、次氧化段、氧化段和硫化段.随着氧化程度加剧，U、Mo等微量元素含量降低，碳氧锶同位素逐渐正偏，但由于硫化段导致含氧量急剧降低，U、Mo和碳氧锶同位素急剧升高，并呈现随海平面频繁振荡分布.基于古环境与 TOC 和孔隙度的对比分析，硫化段和缺氧段是最有利的烃源岩发育层段，强烈蒸发作用导致水体分层及硫化，使有机质得到有效保存.氧化段和次氧化段是储层发育的有利层段，台内局部隆起沉积的丘滩体频繁暴露遭遇准同生溶蚀作用，发育大量溶蚀孔隙，经白云石化以后得到有效保存.硫化段的烃源岩与氧化段的白云岩储层纵向上呈层状频繁交互，平面上呈指状交叉，构成良好的源储配置关系.乌审旗隆起带上发育的立体型储集层网络是鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系盐下勘探的有利区带.关键词：碳酸盐岩-蒸发岩沉积体系；沉积环境；源储配置；奥陶系；硫化段；鄂尔多斯盆地；石油地质.中图分类号：P59 文章编号：1000-2383(2023)02-553-15 收稿日期：2022-12-15Reconstruction of Depositional Environment and SourceReservoir Configuration Relationship of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Ordos BasinWu Dongxu1，2，Zhou Jingao1，2，Ren Junfeng3，Li Weiling1，2，Wei Liubin3，Yu Zhou1，2，Zhang Caili3，Wang Shaoyi1，21.Petrochina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology，Hangzhou 310023，China2.Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoir，CNPC，Hangzhou 310023，China3.Exploration and Development Research Institute of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company，Xi an 710018，China基金项目：国家科技重大专项“寒武系-中新元古界碳酸盐岩规模储层形成与分布研究”（No.2016ZX05004002）;中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目“海相碳酸盐岩成藏理论与勘探技术研究”（No.2021DJ05）;长庆油田重大专项“鄂尔多斯盆地中元古界-奥陶系构造沉积演化、成源机制与勘探新领域”（No.ZDZX202102）.作者简介：吴东旭（1984-），男，高级工程师，主要从事碳酸盐岩沉积储层及油气地质综合研究.ORCID：0000000301420245.Email：wudx_引用格式：吴东旭，周进高，任军峰，李维岭，魏柳斌，于洲，张才利，王少依，2023.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组沉积环境恢复与源储配置关系.地球科学，48（2）：553-567.Citation：Wu Dongxu，Zhou Jingao，Ren Junfeng，Li Weiling，Wei Liubin，Yu Zhou，Zhang Caili，Wang Shaoyi，2023.Reconstruction of Depositional Environment and SourceReservoir Configuration Relationship of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Ordos Basin.Earth Science，48（2）：553-567.第 48 卷地球科学 http:/Abstract:The carbonate gypsum salt rock combination contains 46%of the global carbonate oil and gas reserves and is an important oil and gas enrichment horizon.The Majiagou Formation of Ordovician in Ordos basin develops a large set of thick carbonate gypsum salt rock mixed deposits.At present,nearly trillion cubic meters of proved reserves have been found on salt.Is there exploration potential under salt and between salt?The restoration of the Paleoenvironment of the sedimentary system is the key.Based on the description of 400 m systematic coring of well T112 in the basin,combined with thin section identification,supporting analysis of trace elements,rare earth elements,carbon,oxygen,strontium isotopes and rock components,this paper restores the depositional environment of carbonate gypsum salt rock sedimentary system of Majiagou formation.According to the rise and fall of sea level and the change of water oxidation degree,the system can be divided into four sub environments:anoxic section,secondary oxidation section,oxidation section and sulfide section.With the aggravation of oxidation degree,the contents of trace elements such as U and Mo decrease,and the carbon oxygen strontium isotope is gradually positive.However,the oxygen content decreases sharply due to the sulfide section,and the isotopes of U,Mo and carbon oxygen strontium rise sharply,showing a frequent oscillation distribution with sea level.Based on the comparative analysis of paleoenvironment,TOC and porosity,the sulfide section and anoxic section are the most favorable hydrocarbon source rock development sections.Strong evaporation leads to water stratification and vulcanization,so that organic matter can be effectively preserved.Oxidation section and secondary oxidation section are favorable sections for reservoir development.The mound and beach bodies deposited by local uplift in the platform were frequently exposed,encountered quasi syngenetic dissolution and developed a large number of dissolution pores,which were effectively preserved after dolomitization.The source rock in the sulfide section and the dolomite reservoir in the oxidation section are interbedded in the longitudinal direction,and finger crossing in the plane,forming a good source-reservoir matching relationship.The three-dimensional reservoir network developed on Wushenqi uplift belt is a favorable area for Ordovician subsalt exploration in Ordos Basin.Key words:carbonate evaporite sedimentary system;depositional environment;sourcereservoir configuration;Ordovician;sulfide section;Ordos Basin；petroleum geology.0 引言 碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩体系在全球广泛发育，在前寒武纪至第四纪地层中均有发现，蕴含了全球 46%的碳酸盐岩油气储量，是重要的油气勘探领域（胡安平等，2019）.国外的阿姆河盆地、桑托斯盆地、西伯利亚盆地等，国内的塔里木盆地、四川盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地都发育这种蒸发岩沉积体系（文华国等，2021）.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组发育厚度达 600800 m 的巨厚碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩地层，目前在盐上油气系统已发现了近万亿方天然气储量.盐下和盐间是否具有勘探潜力，是目前勘探和研究亟需解答的重大问题，而对古环境的恢复能够有效揭示烃源岩和储层的发育规律.前人对泥页岩、碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩古环境恢复进行了大量探索（张水昌等，2006；刘刚等，2007；王万春等，2015；孟昊等，2016；汪宗欣等，2017；张志杰等，2018；张