2023学年高考英语二轮复习专题4语法填空4.1解题技法总论课件（人教版）2.ppt

专题四 语法填空 第一局部 解题技法总论【考情透析】【考情透析】根据近三年的高考试题可以看出根据近三年的高考试题可以看出,高考语法填空充高考语法填空充分表达了“实词考查为主、虚词考查为辅的命题原分表达了“实词考查为主、虚词考查为辅的命题原那么。命题形式分为提示类填空和自由类填空。那么。命题形式分为提示类填空和自由类填空。1.提示类填空提示类填空 全国卷中全国卷中,提示类填空为提示类填空为7个实词。主要考查动词的时个实词。主要考查动词的时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、名词的复数形式、态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、名词的复数形式、形容词和副词的比较级、代词的格及同一词根的不同形容词和副词的比较级、代词的格及同一词根的不同词性的转化。词性的转化。2.自由类填空自由类填空 全国卷中全国卷中,自由类填空为自由类填空为3个虚词。主要考查代词、介个虚词。主要考查代词、介词、冠词、连词、时间及地点副词等。词、冠词、连词、时间及地点副词等。【策略点睛】【策略点睛】1.利用体裁特点解题利用体裁特点解题 快速通读整篇文章快速通读整篇文章,了解其体裁特征了解其体裁特征,理清其逻辑关系理清其逻辑关系,初步摸清文章的主题、大意、时态、语态等初步摸清文章的主题、大意、时态、语态等,给分析句给分析句子和填空提供可靠的逻辑推理依据。子和填空提供可靠的逻辑推理依据。2.利用句法分析解题利用句法分析解题 语法填空主要是从语法角度入手语法填空主要是从语法角度入手,对句子结构进行分析。对句子结构进行分析。简单句要分析其成分是否完整简单句要分析其成分是否完整;每种成分由什么样的词每种成分由什么样的词性来充当性来充当;复合句要弄清从句的作用以及主从句之间的复合句要弄清从句的作用以及主从句之间的逻辑关系逻辑关系;特殊句式要分析是否符合其固定的格式。特殊句式要分析是否符合其固定的格式。3.利用习惯搭配解题利用习惯搭配解题 英语中有许多固定的词组、短语和句型英语中有许多固定的词组、短语和句型,在通读全文的在通读全文的根底上根底上,认真分析句子结构认真分析句子结构,准确辨识句子中的这些固准确辨识句子中的这些固定搭配定搭配,利用平时的积累利用平时的积累,根本上凭语感就可以解题。根本上凭语感就可以解题。4.利用语篇标志解题利用语篇标志解题 语篇是一系列连续的语段或句子所构成的语言整体语篇是一系列连续的语段或句子所构成的语言整体,其其 中各成分之间中各成分之间,在形式上是衔接的在形式上是衔接的,在语义上是连贯在语义上是连贯 的。起到语篇之间联系作用的词语就是语篇标志。如的。起到语篇之间联系作用的词语就是语篇标志。如:firstly,secondly,next等表次序和列举等表次序和列举;again,moreover,what is more等表递进等表递进;similarly,equally,as with等表等表 相似相似;so,altogether,thus,in short等表总结等。利用这等表总结等。利用这些语篇标志有助于准确把握句子之间的逻辑关系些语篇标志有助于准确把握句子之间的逻辑关系,弄清弄清文章的来龙去脉。文章的来龙去脉。一、题型剖析一、题型剖析,有的放矢拿高分有的放矢拿高分 二、考场思维二、考场思维,实战得高分实战得高分 (2022 全国卷全国卷)阅读下面短文阅读下面短文,在空白处填入在空白处填入1个适个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor)studied;however,biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64 (perform)consistently over a large area.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report)increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a 66 (believe)that populations are increasing.Scientists have responded by 67 (note)that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集聚集)around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉错觉)that populations are 68 (high)than they actually are.Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six 70 (be)stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.【考场思维模式】【考场思维模式】三、三、逆向思维逆向思维,素养升华素养升华 根据高考设题特点根据高考设题特点,请试着将下面语篇设计成语请试着将下面语篇设计成语 法填空题。法填空题。Dogs really are our best friends,according to a Swedish study that says dog ownership could reduce heart disease.A study of 3.4 million people between the ages of 40 and 80 found that having a dog was associated with a 23%reduction in death from heart disease and a 20%lower risk of dying from any cause over the 12 years of the study.Previous studies have suggested dogs relieve social isolation and depressionboth linked to an increased risk of heart disease and early death.Dog owners show better responses to stress(their blood pressure and pulse rates dont soar),and have higher levels of physical activity and slightly lower cholesterol levels.The American Heart Association was sufficiently influenced by a review of dozens of studies to release a statement in 2022 saying that owning a dog “was probably associated with a reduced risk of heart disease.Their reluctance to more strongly accepted dog ownership is because most studies are what is called observationalresearchers note an association,but cant prove causation(因果关系因果关系).This means that other factors might explain why dog owners are healthier than,say,goldfish ownersfor example,perhaps only people who are fit in the first place buy pets that need daily walking.【参考答案】【参考答案】Dogs really are our best friends,according to a Swedish study 1 says dog ownership could reduce heart disease.A study of 3.4 million people between the ages of 40 and 80 found that having a dog 2 (associate)with a 23%reduction in death from heart disease and a 20%lower risk of dying from any cause over the 12 years of the study.Previous 3 (study)have suggested dogs relieve social isolation and depressionboth linked to 4 increased risk of heart disease and early death.Dog owners show better responses to stress(their blood pressure and pulse rates dont soar),and have higher levels of physical activity and slightly 5 (low)cholesterol levels.The American Heart Association was sufficiently influenced by a review of dozens of studies to release a statement in 2022 6 (say)that owning a dog“was 7 (probable)associated with a reduced risk of heart disease.Their reluctance to more strongly 8 (accept)dog ownership is because most studies are what is called observationalresearchers note an association,but cant prove causation(因果关系因果关系).This 9 (mean)that other factors might explain why dog owners are healthier than,say,goldfish ownersfor example