2023学年高中英语Unit4BodylanguagePartⅢGrammar&Writing课件（人教版）必修422.ppt

Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars Part Grammar&Writing 单元单元语法语法解析解析 Grammar现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词(短语)在句中作状语用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。1作时间状语 现在分词作时间状语时，常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。Hearing the noise，I turned round.When I heard the noise，I turned round.听到响声我转过身去。2作原因状语 现在分词作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。Being poor，he couldnt afford a TV set.Because he was poor，he couldnt afford a TV set.由于贫穷，他买不起一台电视机。3作条件状语 现在分词作条件状语时，相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。Working hard，youll certainly succeed.If you work hard，youll certainly succeed.只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。4作结果状语 现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。The fire lasted a whole night，causing great damage.大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。名师点津 现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：He was caught in the rain，thus making himself catch cold.被雨淋后他感冒了。I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。5作让步、方式和伴随状语 现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book.Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。即学即用 用现在分词作状语改写下列句子 When she turned around，she saw a car driving up._，she saw a car driving up.They stood there and waited for the bus.They stood there，_the bus.As he was ill，he couldnt attend the meeting._，he couldnt attend the meeting.答案 Turning around waiting for Being ill 二、现在分词作状语的注意事项 1现在分词的时态 现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。Walking in the street，I met an old friend of mine.我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。Having finished the letter，he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)即学即用 单句语法填空 _(see)nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note._(suffer)such heavy pollution，it may now be too late to clean up the river._(live)in Beijing for years，I almost know every place quite well.答案 Seeing Having suffered Having lived 2现在分词的语态 使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。Having finished his homework，he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。即学即用 单句语法填空 _(talk)to，you should look into the eyes of the person._(tell)for several times，he still couldnt understand the rules._(hear)the bad news，she didnt know what to do.答案 Being talked Having been told Hearing 3动词-ing形式的否定式：notv.-ing；not havingv.-ed Not knowing this，he didnt come.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。4独立主格 动词-ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。All the students having sat down，the lecture began.所有学生坐好之后，讲座开始了。The new year coming，we were happy.新年来了，我们很高兴。The regulation permitting，I will go with you.制度允许的话，我就和你去。即学即用 用现在分词的独立主格结构改写下列句子 If weather permits，we shall go there on foot._，we shall go there on foot.After Mary came back，they discussed it together._，they discussed it together.答案 Weather permitting Mary coming back 5现在分词作评注性状语 有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般来说”，judging by/from.“从判断”，taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。Generally speaking，girls are more interested in literature than boys.一般来说，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。即学即用 完成句子 _(实话说)，he is fit for the job at present._(个人而言)I want to have a rest as well.答案 Honestly speaking Personally speaking 语法语法对接对接高考高考 1(2018 江苏卷)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period，_(exceed)the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.2(2017 天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，_(allow)more patients to be treated.3(2017 江苏卷)Many Chinese brands，_(develop)their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.4(2016 北京卷)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street，_(turn)the old town into a dreamland.5(2016 天津卷)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，_(make)air conditioning unnecessary.6(2015 天津卷)_(work)for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.7(2015 湖南卷)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，_(wonder)whether to stay or leave.8(2015 重庆卷)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way_(use)the sun and the stars.9(2015 湖北卷)_(look)at the beef being cooked on the stove，the mother pictured the whole family having meals together.10(2014 福建卷)_(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age.1解析 句意：这段时期约13 500个新工作被创造出来，超过了市场分析者预测的12 000个。考查非谓语动词。设空处是非谓语动词作状语，与Around 13,500 new jobs是主动关系，且没有动作发生前后的关系，要用现在分词。答案 exceeding 2解析 句意：这家医院近期获得了新的医疗设备，这让更多的病人可以接受治疗。考查非谓语动词作状语。设空处动作与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所以要用动词-ing形式。答案 allowing 3解析 句意：很多中国的品牌，已经积攒了几百年的声誉，正在面临来自现代市场的新挑战。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。题干中两个逗号中间的部分为非谓语动词短语，develop的逻辑主语是Many Chinese brands，两者之间为主动关系，同时develop所表示的动作发生在facing所表示的动作之前，因此用having done的形式。答案 having developed 4解析 句意：新建的木制小屋沿着大街排成一排，把旧城镇变成了梦境。设空处作结果状语，其逻辑主语应是逗