新Gre-Issue题库分类和重点题(飞扬在江南整理)(1).pdf

1 新新 GRE Issue 题库题库分类分类 和和 重点题重点题 整理整理 by 飞扬在江南飞扬在江南 【步骤】1，分类，小类，大类（ok）2，标注重点练习题（ok）3，准备素材和论证思路，熟练并快速练习（25min 是最终目标）4，养成良好的习惯，看到题目立马构思，尽量一次拼写成功，留有时间检查拼写错误 一共一共 149 道题道题 第一步，第一步，根据李建林新 GRE 写作 5.5整理，有部分调整，分为分为 24 个个类类别别+16 个单题个单题 拿到一道题目，判断是否属于哪个题型，可以采用：因果类因果类建议类建议类是非类是非类-定义类定义类-事实类，事实类，这样的顺序，当然有的题目属于几类合成的，比如套叠式多角度分析套叠式多角度分析和平行式多角度分析。平行式多角度分析。然后按照拯救我的新 GRE-Issue分为成长学习教育、科技生活时代、政治法律社会、思想方法行为、历史文化成长学习教育、科技生活时代、政治法律社会、思想方法行为、历史文化传播传播五个大类，将上述题目整理进来（部分内容可能会有交叉，那么我们可以从多个（部分内容可能会有交叉，那么我们可以从多个领域视角领域视角分析）分析）第二步，第二步，结合类别分别用红体和紫体标注（红色是出现多次的题目选择其中之一，紫色是特别的题目和有难度的题目）；在题库中出现频次(参考2012 年新 GRE_Issue 高频，详见附录 2，某些题号后括号内的数字，如 32(9)表示 32 题出现了 9 次)、考试中出现频次（参考新 GRE 真实的作文出现频率，详见附录 3，某些题后方括号内的数字，如 39【3】表示 39 题在实际题目中出现了 3 次），综合上述汇总重点题目（用黄底和灰底表示），作为练习 归结出的重点题目在下文中标注（其中虽然有些题目在真题中出现，但认为较容易展开，就没有列入范围内）黄底（重中之重）8+3+5+5+4=25，灰底（辅助练习）4+7+3+5+0=19 2 五大类：五大类：（一）成长学习（一）成长学习教育教育（相关题量最多了）（相关题量最多了）C3：3,13,15,20,32,35,39,46,70，98,102，112，129,135,136,137,140；54；73 课程或专业选择：课程或专业选择：领域的领域的成功和失败成功和失败（3）+就业和兴趣就业和兴趣（6）+领域内和领域外（领域内和领域外（8）+文学类课程（文学类课程（1）+老师拥有相关领域工作经验（老师拥有相关领域工作经验（1）=（19）领域的领域的成功和失败（成功和失败（3）：）：3，137：Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.建议类 35：Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.建议类，可完全借鉴 3 领域内和领域外（领域内和领域外（6）:13，46【2】，102【2】：Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students field of study.建议类 70：Claim:Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students major field of study.Reason:Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.套叠式多角度分析题，因果类+建议类，参考 112 但分析的角度还是略有区别的，112：Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major fields of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated.单纯性是非题，仔细体会，P163,140：Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students field of study.Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields.建议类（两个极端）就业和兴趣（就业和兴趣（8）：）：15，135：Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.建议类，与 32、98、136、129 非常类似-就业优先就业优先 32(9)：College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.建议类，与 15、98、136、129 非常类似 98，136：Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.建议类，与 15、32、129 非常类似 129：College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.建议类，与 15、32、98、136 非常类似 39【3】：College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.建议类-兴趣优先兴趣优先 20：Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study.Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.建议类（两个极端）要求选文学类课程（要求选文学类课程（1）54(1)：In order to become well-rounded individuals,all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry,novels,mythology,and other types of imaginative literature.建议类 3 要求老师有课程相关的工作经验（要求老师有课程相关的工作经验（1）73【2】：Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.建议类 P18 C4：6，14,96,116 课程全国统一课程全国统一，4 个题目的内容完全一样个题目的内容完全一样较简单较简单（4）6，14，96，116：A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.建议类 C10：12,25 高等教育免费，高等教育免费，2 个题目略有不同（个题目略有不同（2）12(2)【6】：Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.建议类，多一个对 students 的修饰界定，说法就没有那么极端了 25：Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students.建议类 C11：17,42,48,68,92；24,29,52 教育的功能：解放教育的功能：解放 or 限制人的思想（限制人的思想（2）+对概念的把握（对概念的把握（2）+惩恶扬善（惩恶扬善（3）+质疑质疑而非接受（而非接受（1）=（8）解放解放 or 限制人的思想（限制人的思想（2）17【1】：Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.套叠式多角度分析，事实类和结合式定义类-对 estrain our minds and spirits 进行明确定义，P91 书中的观点还蛮过激的 68【2】：Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit.Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.套叠式多角度分析，事实类和结合式定义类-对 purpose of education 和 restrain our minds and spirits 的含义进行探讨和界定 对概念的把握（对概念的把握（2）-有难度有难度 48：Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas,trends,and concepts that help explain those facts.建议类 92【1】：Educators should base their assessment of students learning not on students grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas,trends,and concepts that those facts illustrate.建议类，可以参考 48 惩恶扬善（惩恶扬善（3）24(1)，52：The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.平行式多角度分析题，可归入建议、是非、事实，从建议好展开，较简单 29：The best way to teach whether as an educator,employer,or parent is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.平行式多角度分析题，可完全借鉴 24 质疑而非接受（质疑而非接受（1）42：Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.建议类 C 14：30,83 教师工资的判断标准（教师工资的判断标准（2）30【4】：Teachers salaries should be based on their students academic performance.建议类，P102 83：Teachers salaries should be based on the academic performance of their students.可完全借鉴 83 C17：37,40,47,58,90,142 教育：早教（教育：早教（1）+大学教育（大学教育（5）=（6）4 早教（早教（1）37【2】：Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.建议类 大学教育（大学教育（5）40(1)：Claim:When planning courses,educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students.Reason:Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.套叠式多角度分析题，整体因果，结果部分是一个建议，P110 47：Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them.建议类，参考 40 58(3)：Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline;students cannot be motivated by school or college alone.因果类，P124 90：Educators should take students interests into account when planning the content of the courses they teach.建议类，参考 40 142：Claim:Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.Reason:College studentslike people in generalprefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.套叠式多角度分析题，整体因果，结果部分是一个建议，P186 C18:45,138 教育中的竞争（教育中的竞争（2）45(2)【3】：Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education.事实类 138：Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom.Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of real learning.事实类（两个极端），P182 C21：81,95 家长介入学校教育（家长介入学校教育（2）81(2)【2】,95：All parents should be required to volunteer time to their childrens schools.建议类 C22：82,97,100，124 在国外学习（在国外学习（4）82（4）【5】,97,100：Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.建议类 124【1】：All college and university students would benefit from spending at least one semester studying in a foreign country.事实类 P172 （二）（二）科技科技生活时代生活时代 C1：1,26,64 人与人与现代现代技术（技术（3）+技术进步带来的社会问题（技术进步带来的社会问题（4）=（7）人与技术的关系（人与技术的关系（3）1【1】:As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems,the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.思考能力降低，事实类 26(3):The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and 5 independent individuals.阻碍独立个体的发展，事实类 64:The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.人脑占优，是非结合类，可以转事实类 技术进步带来的社会问题（技术进步带来的社会问题（4）43【3】：The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves.事实类较简单 91【2】：The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase peoples efficiency so that they have more leisure time.定义类-The primary goal of technological advancement，较简单，P150 101(4)【1】：Although innovations such as video,computers,and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students,these technologies all too often distract from real learning.分散实际学习，事实类+结合式定义类，P156 132：Some people believe that our ever-increasing use of technology significantly reduces our opportunities for human interaction.Other people believe that technology provides us with new and better ways to communicate and connect with one another.对人交流的影响，事实类 P178 C7：10,31,63,67,119,125,148 保护：自然（保护：自然（3）+濒临灭绝的动物（濒临灭绝的动物（3）+古建筑（古建筑（1）=（7）自然（自然（3）-也可以分到（三）中也可以分到（三）中 10：Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state,even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.建议类-过分保护自然，隔绝人类影响 125：Some people claim that a nations government should preserve its wilderness areas in their natural state.Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain.建议类（两个极端）148：Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state.建议类 濒临灭绝的动物（濒临灭绝的动物（3）-也可以分到（三）中也可以分到（三）中 31（4）【5】：Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.建议类如何界定是人类造成的 63【1】：There is little justification for society to make extraordinary effortsespecially at a great cost in money and jobsto save endangered animal or plant species.单纯是非类 P63 67：Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species,despite the expense to humans in effort,time,and financial well-being.Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts,especially at a great cost in money and jobs,to save endangered species.建议类（两个极端）古建筑（古建筑（1）-也可以分到（五）中也可以分到（五）中 119：When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes,modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings.建议类，城市开发在历史和现代之间 C12：18,27，50,86,108,110，115，139 权威（精英、专家）和普通人：质疑权威（权威（精英、专家）和普通人：质疑权威（1）+政府（精英）与普通百姓（政府（精英）与普通百姓（4）+专家和普通人（专家和普通人（3）=（8）质疑权威（质疑权威（1）18(2)【2】：The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.事实类 政府（精英）与普通百姓（政府（精英）与普通百姓（4）-也可以分到也可以分到（三）政（三）政治治法律社会法律社会中分析中分析 50（4）【3】,115：Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.建议类-推出制度最可靠 6 86【1】：Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve.Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment.建议类（两个极端）参考 50 139【2】：Claim:Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.Reason:Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.套叠式多角度分析题，因果类和建议类，P182 专家和普通人（专家和普通人（3）27【3】：In any field of inquiry,the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.事实类-新手视角，P100 108（5）【2】，110：Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.事实类-专家视角 P160 C20：56，59,131 科学研究发现（科学研究发现（3）56：Many important discoveries or creations are accidental:it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.因果类，因是部分情况，因无法推果 59(2)：Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.建议类，131：Claim:Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate,practical application.Reason:It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.套叠式多角度分析题，整体因果，结果部分是一个建议，P177-有难度 C25：单题为：单题为 1 类，一共（类，一共（3/17）对前人科学成就的集成，对前人科学成就的集成，只有只有 1 题（题（1）9(1)：In any field of endeavor,it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.事实类 外表与实在（外表与实在（1）93（1）【2】：Unfortunately,in contemporary society,creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image.单纯性是非题 P151 吸收外来知识促本领域发展（吸收外来知识促本领域发展（1）143【2】：No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field.建议类，P16 （三）（三）政治政治法律社会法律社会 C5：7，80,88；23,36,72 政府对艺术的投入（政府对艺术的投入（3）+政府对科研（政府对科研（3）=（6）政府对艺术的投入（政府对艺术的投入（3）7：Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available 7 to all people.Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.建议类 80：Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.建议类，取了 88 的一部分 参见 P140 88：Claim:Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.Reason:It is inappropriateand,perhaps,even cruelto use public resources to fund the arts when peoples basic needs are not being met.套叠式多角度分析题，因果类和建议（先分析原因，再分析推导结果转到建议的分析中，类 88），参见 P147 政府对科研（政府对科研（3）23：Governments should place few,if any,restrictions on scientific research and development.建议类较简单 36(2)【2】、72：Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.建议类，P107 C6：8,16，62，69,94，111，114,123,128,147，149 领导人：五年任期（领导人：五年任期（3）+坚持与妥协（坚持与妥协（2）+时势造英雄（时势造英雄（1）+信息公开（信息公开（1）+从国民福利评判领导人（从国民福利评判领导人（2）+竞争与合作（竞争与合作（2）+道德要求（道德要求（2）=（13）五年任期（五年任期（3）8【1】：Claim:In any fieldbusiness,politics,education,governmentthose in power should step down after five years.Reason:The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.因果类 111【1】,149(3)【2】：In any fieldbusiness,politics,education,governmentthose in power should be required to step down after five years.建议类，参考 8 坚持与妥协（坚持与妥协（2）16【1】：Some people believe that in order to be effective,political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise.Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.单纯定义类 P24 114：Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.事实类，类 16 时势造英雄（时势造英雄（1）62(2)【3】：Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.事实类 P128 信息公开（信息公开（1）69：Some people believe it is often necessary,even desirable,for political leaders to withhold information from the public.Others believe that the public