Steve Jobs.pdf

FROM THE AUTHOR OF THE BESTSELLING BIOGRAPHIES OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN AND ALBERT EINSTEIN,THIS IS THE EXCLUSIVE BIOGRAPHY OF STEVE JOBS.Based on more than forty interviews with Jobs conducted over two yearsas well as interviews with more than a hundred family members,friends,adversaries,competitors,and colleaguesWalter Isaacson has written a riveting story of the roller-coaster life and searingly intense personality of a creative entrepreneur whose passion for perfection and ferocious drive revolutionized six industries:personal computers,animated movies,music,phones,tablet computing,and digital publishing.At a time when America is seeking ways to sustain its innovative edge,Jobs stands as the ultimate icon of inventiveness and applied imagination.He knew that the best way to create value in the twenty-first century was to connect creativity with technology.He built a company where leaps of the imagination were combined with remarkable feats of engineering.Although Jobs cooperated with this book,he asked for no control over what was written nor even the right to read it before it was published.He put nothing offlimits.He encouraged the people he knew to speak honestly.And Jobs speaks candidly,sometimes brutally so,about the people he worked with and competed against.His friends,foes,and colleagues provide an unvarnished view of the passions,perfectionism,obsessions,artistry,devilry,and compulsion for control that shaped his approach to business and the innovative products that resulted.Driven by demons,Jobs could drive those around him to fury and despair.But his personality and products were interrelated,just as Apples hardware and software tended to be,as if part of an integrated system.His tale is instructive and cautionary,filled with lessons about innovation,character,leadership,and values.Walter Isaacson,the CEO of the Aspen Institute,has been the chairman of CNN and the managing editor of Time magazine.He is the author of Einstein:His Life and Universe,Benjamin Franklin:An American Life,and Kissinger:A Biography,and is the coauthor,with Evan Thomas,of The Wise Men:Six Friends and the World They Made.He and his wife live in Washington,D.C.MEET THE AUTHORS,WATCH VIDEOS AND MORE AT SimonandS THE SOURCE FOR READING GROUPS JACKET PHOTOGRAPHS:FRONT BY ALBERT WATSON;BACK BY NORMAN SEEFF COPYRIGHT 2011 SIMON&SCHUSTERThank you for purchasing this Simon&Schuster eBook.Sign up for our newsletter and receive special offers,access to bonus content,and info on the latest new releases and other great eBooks from Simon&Schuster.or visit us online to sign up at eBookNews.SimonandSALSO BY WALTER ISAACSONAmerican SketchesEinstein:His Life and UniverseA Benjamin Franklin ReaderBenjamin Franklin:An American LifeKissinger:A BiographyThe Wise Men:Six Friends and the World They Made(with Evan Thomas)Pro and ConSTEVE JOBS Paul Jobs with Steve,1956 The Los Altos house with the garage where Apple was born In the Homestead High yearbook,1972 With the“SWAB JOB”school prank sign Simon&Schuster 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York,NY 10020 www.SimonandSCopyright 2011 by Walter IsaacsonAll rights reserved,including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever.For information address Simon&Schuster Subsidiary Rights Department,1230 Avenue of the Americas,New York,NY 10020.First Simon&Schuster hardcover edition November 2011SIMON&SCHUSTER and colophon are registered trademarks of Simon&Schuster,Inc.Illustration credits appear here.The Simon&Schuster Speakers Bureau can bring authors to your live event.For more information or to book an event contact the Simon&Schuster Speakers Bureau at 1-866-248-3049 or visit our website at .Designed by Joy OMearaManufactured in the United States of America1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.ISBN 978-1-4516-4853-9ISBN 978-1-4516-4855-3(ebook)The people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world are the ones who do.Apples“Think Different”commercial,1997CONTENTSCharactersIntroduction:How This Book Came to BeCHAPTER ONE Childhood:Abandoned and ChosenCHAPTER TWO Odd Couple:The Two StevesCHAPTER THREE The Dropout:Turn On,Tune In.CHAPTER FOUR Atari and India:Zen and the Art of Game DesignCHAPTER FIVE The Apple I:Turn On,Boot Up,Jack In.CHAPTER SIX The Apple II:Dawn of a New AgeCHAPTER SEVEN Chrisann and Lisa:He Who Is Abandoned.CHAPTER EIGHT Xerox and Lisa:Graphical User InterfacesCHAPTER NINE Going Public:A Man of Wealth and FameCHAPTER TEN The Mac Is Born:You Say You Want a RevolutionCHAPTER ELEVEN The Reality Distortion Field:Playing by His Own Set of RulesCHAPTER TWELVE The Design:Real Artists SimplifyCHAPTER THIRTEEN Building the Mac:The Journey Is the RewardCHAPTER FOURTEEN Enter Sculley:The Pepsi ChallengeCHAPTER FIFTEEN The Launch:A Dent in the UniverseCHAPTER SIXTEEN Gates and Jobs:When Orbits IntersectCHAPTER SEVENTEEN Icarus:What Goes Up.CHAPTER EIGHTEEN NeXT:Prometheus UnboundCHAPTER NINETEEN Pixar:Technology Meets ArtCHAPTER TWENTY A Regular Guy:Love Is Just a Four-Letter WordCHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Family Man:At Home with the Jobs ClanCHAPTER TWENTY-TWO Toy Story:Buzz and Woody to the RescueCHAPTER TWENTY-THREE The Second Coming:What Rough Beast,Its Hour Come Round at Last.CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR The Restoration:The Loser Now Will Be Later to WinCHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE Think Different:Jobs as iCEOCHAPTER TWENTY-SIX Design Principles:The Studio of Jobs and IveCHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN The iMac:Hello(Again)CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT CEO:Still Crazy after All These YearsCHAPTER TWENTY-NINE Apple Stores:Genius Bars and Siena SandstoneCHAPTER THIRTY The Digital Hub:From iTunes to the iPodCHAPTER THIRTY-ONE The iTunes Store:Im the Pied PiperCHAPTER THIRTY-TWO Music Man:The Sound Track of His LifeCHAPTER THIRTY-THREE Pixars Friends:.and FoesCHAPTER THIRTY-FOUR Twenty-first-century Macs:Setting Apple ApartCHAPTER THIRTY-FIVE Round One:Memento MoriCHAPTER THIRTY-SIX The iPhone:Three Revolutionary Products in OneCHAPTER THIRTY-SEVEN Round Two:The Cancer RecursCHAPTER THIRTY-EIGHT The iPad:Into the Post-PC EraCHAPTER THIRTY-NINE New Battles:And Echoes of Old OnesCHAPTER FORTY To Infinity:The Cloud,the Spaceship,and BeyondCHAPTER FORTY-ONE Round Three:The Twilight StruggleCHAPTER FORTY-TWO Legacy:The Brightest Heaven of InventionAcknowledgmentsSourcesNotesIndexIllustration CreditsPhotosCHARACTERSAL ALCORN.Chief engineer at Atari,who designed Pong and hired Jobs.GIL AMELIO.Became CEO of Apple in 1996,bought NeXT,bringing Jobs back.BILL ATKINSON.Early Apple employee,developed graphics for the Macintosh.CHRISANN BRENNAN.Jobss girlfriend at Homestead High,mother of his daughter Lisa.LISA BRENNAN-JOBS.Daughter of Jobs and Chrisann Brennan,born in 1978;became a writer in New York City.NOLAN BUSHNELL.Founder of Atari and entrepreneurial role model for Jobs.BILL CAMPBELL.Apple marketing chief during Jobss first stint at Apple and board member and confidant after Jobss return in 1997.EDWIN CATMULL.A cofounder of Pixar and later a Disney executive.KOBUN CHINO.A Soto Zen master in California who became Jobss spiritual teacher.LEE CLOW.Advertising wizard who created Apples“1984”ad and worked with Jobs for three decades.DEBORAH“DEBI”COLEMAN.Early Mac team manager who took over Apple manufacturing.TIM COOK.Steady,calm,chief operating officer hired by Jobs in 1998;replaced Jobs as Apple CEO in August 2011.EDDY CUE.Chief of Internet services at Apple,Jobss wingman in dealing with content companies.ANDREA“ANDY”CUNNINGHAM.Publicist at Regis McKennas firm who handled Apple in the early Macintosh years.MICHAEL EISNER.Hard-driving Disney CEO who made the Pixar deal,then clashed with Jobs.LARRY ELLISON.CEO of Oracle and personal friend of Jobs.TONY FADELL.Punky engineer brought to Apple in 2001 to develop the iPod.SCOTT FORSTALL.Chief of Apples mobile device software.ROBERT FRIEDLAND.Reed student,proprietor of an apple farm commune,and spiritual seeker who influenced Jobs,then went on to run a mining company.JEAN-LOUIS GASSE.Apples manager in France,took over the Macintosh division when Jobs was ousted in 1985.BILL GATES.The other computer wunderkind born in 1955.ANDY HERTZFELD.Playful,friendly software engineer and Jobss pal on the original Mac team.JOANNA HOFFMAN.Original Mac team member with the spirit to stand up to Jobs.ELIZABETH HOLMES.Daniel Kottkes girlfriend at Reed and early Apple employee.ROD HOLT.Chain-smoking Marxist hired by Jobs in 1976 to be the electrical engineer on the Apple II.ROBERT IGER.Succeeded Eisner as Disney CEO in 2005.JONATHAN“JONY”IVE.Chief designer at Apple,became Jobss partner and confidant.ABDULFATTAH“JOHN”JANDALI.Syrian-born graduate student in Wisconsin who became biological father of Jobs and Mona Simpson,later a food and beverage manager at the Boomtown casino near Reno.CLARA HAGOPIAN Jobs.Daughter of Armenian immigrants,married Paul Jobs in 1946;they adopted Steve soon after his birth in 1955.ERIN JOBS.Middle child of Laurene Powell and Steve Jobs.EVE JOBS.Youngest child of Laurene and Steve.PATTY JOBS.Adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs two years after they adopted Steve.PAUL REINHOLD Jobs.Wisconsin-born Coast Guard seaman who,with his wife,Clara,adopted Steve in 1955.REED JOBS.Oldest child of Steve Jobs and Laurene Powell.RON JOHNSON.Hired by Jobs in 2000 to develop Apples stores.JEFFREY KATZENBERG.Head of Disney Studios,clashed with Eisner and resigned in 1994 to cofound DreamWorks SKG.DANIEL KOTTKE.Jobss closest friend at Reed,fellow pilgrim to India,early Apple employee.JOHN LASSETER.Cofounder and creative force at Pixar.DANL LEWIN.Marketing exec with Jobs at Apple and then NeXT.MIKE MARKKULA.First big Apple investor and chairman,a father figure to Jobs.REGIS MCKENNA.Publicity whiz who guided Jobs early on and remained a trusted advisor.MIKE MURRAY.Early Macintosh marketing director.PAUL OTELLINI.CEO of Intel who helped switch the Macintosh to Intel chips but did not get the iPhone business.LAURENE POWELL.Savvy and good-humored Penn graduate,went to Goldman Sachs and then Stanford Business School,married Steve Jobs in 1991.GEORGE RILEY.Jobss Memphis-born friend and lawyer.ARTHUR ROCK.Legendary tech investor,early Apple board member,Jobss father figure.JONATHAN“RUBY”RUBINSTEIN.Worked with Jobs at NeXT,became chief hardware engineer at Apple in 1997.MIKE SCOTT.Brought in by Markkula to be Apples president in 1977 to try to manage Jobs.JOHN SCULLEY.Pepsi executive recruited by Jobs in 1983 to be Apples CEO,clashed with and ousted Jobs in 1985.JOANNE SCHIEBLE JANDALI SIMPSON.Wisconsin-born biological mother of Steve Jobs,whom she put up for adoption,and Mona Simpson,whom she raised.MONA SIMPSON.Biological full sister of Jobs;they discovered their relationship in 1986 and became close.She wrote novels loosely based on her mother Joanne(Anywhere but Here),Jobs and his daughter Lisa(A Regular Guy),and her father Abdulfattah Jandali(The Lost Father).ALVY RAY SMITH.A cofounder of Pixar who clashed with Jobs.BURRELL SMITH.Brilliant,troubled programmer on the original Mac team,afflicted with schizophrenia in the 1990s.AVADIS“AVIE”TEVANIAN.Worked with Jobs and Rubinstein at NeXT,became chief software engineer at Apple in 1997.JAMES VINCENT.A music-loving Brit,the younger partner with Lee Clow and Duncan Milner at the ad agency Apple hired.RON WAYNE.Met Jobs at Atari,became first partner with Jobs and Wozniak at fledgling Apple,but unwisely decided to forgo his equity stake.STEPHEN WOZNIAK.The star electronics geek at Homestead High;Jobs figured out how to package and market his amazing circuit boards and became his partner in founding Apple.INTRODUCTIONHow This Book Came to BeIn the early summer of 2004,I got a phone call from Steve Jobs.He had been scattershot friendly to me over the years,with occasional bursts of intensity,especially when he was launching a new product that he wanted on the cover of Time or featured on CNN,places where Id worked.But now that I was no longer at either of those places,I hadnt heard from him much.We talked a bit about the Aspen Institute,which I had recently joined,and I invited him to speak at our summer campus in Colorado.Hed be happy to come,he said,but not to be onstage.He wanted instead to take a walk so that we could talk.That seemed a bit odd.I didnt yet know that taking a long walk was his preferred way to have a serious conversation.It turned out that he wanted me to write a biography of him.I had recently published one on Benjamin Franklin and was writing one about Albert Einstein,and my initial reaction was to wonder,half jokingly,whether he saw himself as the natural successor in that sequence.Because I assumed that he was still in the middle of an oscillating career that had many more ups and downs left,I demurred.Not now,I said.Maybe in a decade or two,when you retire.I had known him since 1984,when he came to Manhattan to have lunch with Times editors and extol his new Macintosh.He was petulant even then,attacking a Time correspondent for having wounded him with a story that was too revealing.But talking to him afterward,I found myself rather captivated,as so many others have been over the years,by his engaging intensity.We stayed in touch,even after he was ousted from Apple.When he had something to pitch,such as a NeXT computer or Pixar movie,the beam of his charm would suddenly refocus on me,and he would take me to a sushi restaurant in Lower Manhattan to tell me that whatever he was touting was the best thing he had ever produced.I liked him.When he was restored to the throne at Apple,we put him on the cover of Time,and soon thereafter he began offering me his ideas for a series we were doing on the most influential people of the century.He had launched his“Think Different”campaign,featuring iconic photos of some of the same people we were considering,and he found the endeavor of assessing historic influence fascinating.After I had deflected his suggestion that I write a biography of him,I heard from him every now and then.At one point I emailed to ask if it was true,as my daughter had told me,that the Apple logo was an homage to Alan Turing,the British computer pioneer who broke the German wartime codes and then committed suicide by biting into a cyanide-laced apple.He replied that he wished he had thought of that,but hadnt.That started an exchange about the early history of Apple,and I found myself gathering string on the subject,just in case I ever decided to do such a book.When my Einstein biography came out,he came to a book event in Palo Alto and pulled me aside to suggest,again,that he would make a good subject.His persistence baffled me.He was known to guard his privacy,and I had no reason to believe hed ever read any of my books.Maybe someday,I continued to say.But in 2009 his wife,Laurene Powell,said bluntly,“If youre ever going to do a book on Steve,youd better do it now.”He had just taken a second medical leave.I confessed to her that when he had first raised the idea,I hadnt