2022考研英语新题型 英语一英语考研资料免费分享.pdf

目录PART1技巧提升.12005年考研英语一新题型真题12006年考研英语一新题型真题.42007年考研英语一新题型真题.62008年考研英语一新题型真题.82009年考研英语一新题型真题.102010年考研英语一新题型真题12微2011年考研英语一新题型真题142012年考研英语一新题型真题.162013年考研英语一新题型真题.182014年考研英语一新题型真题.20PART2考前冲刺.222015年考研英语一新题型真题.222016年考研英语一新题型真题.242017年考研英语一新题型真题。.262018年考研英语一新题型真题282019年考研英语一新题型真题.302020年考研英语一新题型真题.32PART3参考答案.34PART1技巧提升2005年考研英语一新题型真题Canadas premiers(the leaders of provincial governments),if they have any breath leftafter complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting,might spare a moment to dosomething,together,to reduce health-care costs.Theyre all groaning about soaring health budgets,the fastest-growing component ofwhich are pharmaceutical costs.(41)According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information,prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending.Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments.Part ofit arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds.Part of it is higher prices.What to do?Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care-to say nothing of reports from other experts-recommended the creation of a national drugagency.Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs,bureaucracy,procedures and limited bargaining power,all would pool resources,work with Ottawa,andcreate a national institution.(42)What does nationalmean?Roy Romanow and Senator MichaelKirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National HealthCouncil.But nationaldoesnt have to mean that.Nationalcould mean interprovincial-provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way,one benefit of a nationalorganization would be to negotiate better prices,if possible,with drug manufacturers.Instead of having one province-or a series of hospitalswithin a province-negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list,the nationalagency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than,say,Quebec,negotiating on behalf of seven million people,the national微博关注考研一笑而过及时掌握最新干货资讯1超考研英语一【新题型】真题4 lpass一笑而过agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people.Basic economics suggests the greaterthe potential consumers,the higher the likelihood of a better price.(43)、Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream.They likedivided buyers;they can lobby better that way.They can use the threat of removing jobs fromone province to another.They can hope that,if one province includes a drug on its list,thepressure will cause others to include it on theirs.They wouldnt like a national agency,butself-interest would lead them to deal with it.A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of theCanadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment,funded by Ottawa and theprovinces.Under it,a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which newdrugs should be included.Predictably,and regrettably,Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making.They(particularlyQuebec and Alberta)just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few,if any,stringsattached.Thats one reason why the idea of a national list hasnt gone anywhere,while drugcosts keep rising fast.(44)So,if the provinces want to run the health-care show,they shouldprove they can run it,starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication,save administrative costs,prevent one province from being played off against another,andbargain for better drug prices.Premiers love to quote Mr.Romanows report selectively,especially the parts aboutmore federal money.Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs:A nationaldrug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies inorder to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.(45)Or they could read Mr.Kirbys report:the substantial buyingpower of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans tonegotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list,theyshould also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgetsand patientsAQuebecs resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology.One of the firstadvocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University.Quebecs Drug2微博关注考研一笑而过及时举握最新干货资讯4lpa5s一笑面过考研英语一【新题型】真题Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to26.8 per cent!BOr they could read Mr.Kirbys report:the substantial buying power of such an agencywould strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowestpossible purchase prices from drug companies.CWhat does nationalmean?Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended afederal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.DThe problem is simple and stark:health-care costs have been,are,and will continue toincrease faster than government revenues.EAccording to the Canadian Institute for Health Information,prescription drug costs haverisen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending.Part of the increasecomes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments.Part of it arises fromnew drugs costing more than older kinds.Part of it is higher prices.FSo,if the provinces want to run the health-care show,they should prove they can run it,starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication,save administrativecosts,prevent one province from being played off against another,and bargain for betterdrug prices.GOf course,the pharmaceutical companies will scream.They like divided buyers;they canlobby better that way.They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province toanother.They can hope that,if one province includes a drug on its list,the pressure willcause others to include it on theirs.They wouldnt like a national agency,but self-interestwould lead them to deal with it.微博关注考研一笑而过及时挲握最新干货资讯3图