翻译真题演练01 课堂笔记（英语一.pdf

NOTE：大板块 小板块课后练习【句子成分】补充知识Notes:本题需注意：结构的划分和of的处理Notes:翻译第一步先拆分Notes:A of B of C可译为“C的B的A”upon可理解为on“在之上”Notes:翻译的目标准确完整通顺优化翻译的方式：1.选词恰当2.适当增词减词，但需保留文意翻译总述一、翻译分数占比考研英语一完型10%阅读40%新题型10%翻译10%小作文10%大作文20%考研英语二完型10%阅读40%新题型10%翻译15%小作文10%大作文15%二、翻译练习技巧1.翻译的答题技巧：注意踩点给分；2.翻译与写作：相同点-同样需要跟直播认真思考互动；不同点-写作需要更多的课下练习。翻译真题演练例1：2015年48题But,the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America,the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another,and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw,new continent caused significant changes.拆分句子（找主语）But,【the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America,the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another,and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw,new continent】caused significant changes.【主语 A,B,and C】谓语 宾语 【词汇笔记】1.peculiar adj.奇怪的，不寻常的；be peculiar to sb./sth.某人/某物特有的2.sheer adj.陡峭的，垂直的；纯粹的 sheer luck/happiness/stupidity3.raw adj.生的，未煮垃的 raw meat/recruitBut,但是 the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America,美国所特有的地理情况的力量the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another,在各种各样民族团体上的相互作用and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw,new continent在原生的，新大陆上维持旧世界方式的纯粹的困难 caused significant changes.造成了显著的变化 局部翻译But,但是 the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America,美国所特有的地理状况the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another,民族团体之间的相互影响and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw,new continent在新大陆维持旧世界规则的困境（sheer在这里表强调）caused significant changes.造成了显著的变化 优化翻译（准确、完整、通顺）视频定位0:004:21视频定位4:2121:52翻译真题演练01 课堂笔记分区 翻译真题演练01 课堂笔记（英语一）的第 1 页有道考神考研Notes:本题需注意：被动语态的处理、人名的翻译-被动语态翻译：有被则被，无被找主，无被替换；-人名翻译：不可英文照抄，名人需用惯用名，一般名字可音译。Notes:本题需注意“but”的转折，结合句意but为宾语从句内的转折，而非整个句子的转折造成了显著的变化整合翻译参考答案：但是美国特有的地理条件、各民族团体之间的相互作用、以及在原始的新大陆上维持旧世界方式的困境，（使得美国发生了）/造成了重大的变化。例2：2014年48题Beethoven s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.拆分句子（找主语）【Beethoven s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage】was only rarely used by composers before him.【主语】谓语【词汇笔记】1.intense 2.volume 3.abrupt 4.passage poser poseadj.强烈的;紧张的n.体积，音量，容积adj.突然的n.章节，段落，乐段；走廊，通道；通过(the passage of the law)n.作曲家v.组成，创作（乐曲），写（诗、信、演讲稿）compose oneself 使镇静Beethoven s habit of贝多芬的习惯increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with asudden soft passage用极端的强度增加音量，并且突然紧跟着有一个突然的轻柔的篇章was only rarely used by composers before him.只有很少被作曲家用到，在他之前局部翻译Beethoven s habit of贝多芬习惯于increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with asudden soft passage将（乐曲）音量增到最大，然后突然衔接一节轻柔的乐段was only rarely used by composers before him.在他之前的作曲家很少采用（这个习惯）优化翻译（准确、完整、通顺）整合翻译参考答案：贝多芬习惯于先把乐曲的音量增到最大，然后又突然衔接一节轻柔的乐段。在他之前，很少有作曲家会采用这种习惯/方式。例3：2014年50题One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable,but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.拆分句子One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that【suffering is 方式状语 inevitable,but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.】【that引导的宾语从句】【词汇笔记】视频定位21:5239:00视频定位39:0048:20分区 翻译真题演练01 课堂笔记（英语一）的第 2 页有道考神考研Notes:本题需注意插入语的翻译插入语的翻译方式：前置翻译、按顺序翻译【out of】1.“出去”Get out of here.2.“缺乏”I am running out of money.3.“从出来”He took the key out of his pocket.4.“出于”Mr.Tang screamed out of excitement.5.“从中”He gets much happiness out of books.6.“用制作”This house was built out of wood.【that引导的宾语从句】【词汇笔记】1.inevitable adj.必要的，不可避免的2.renderv.致使；使变得One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven 我们可以解读贝多芬的很多作品by saying that通过这样说suffering is inevitable,苦难是不可能避免的but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.但战胜困难的勇气值得活局部翻译优化翻译（准确、完整、通顺）参考翻译：我们可以这样来解读贝多芬的很多作品:痛苦是不可避免的，但是战胜痛苦的勇气使生活更值得/有意义。例4：2015年46题This movement,driven by powerful and diverse motivations,built a nation out of a wilderness and,by its nature,shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.拆分句子This movement,(driven by powerful and diverse motivations,)built a nation out of a(主干的)主语 后置定语 (主干的)谓语宾语wilderness and,(by its nature,)shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted 状语 (主干的)谓语宾语continent.【词汇笔记】1.wildernessn.荒野2.unchartedadj.未标记的This movement,这场运动driven by powerful and diverse motivations,受强大的多样的动机所驱使的built a nation out of a wilderness and,在荒野之上建立的一个国家by its nature,依靠其本性shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运局部翻译This movement built a nation out of a wilderness and,shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.这场运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，还塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运driven by powerful and diverse motivations,由多种强大的动机驱使by its nature,通过其本身优化翻译（准确、完整、通顺）整合翻译视频定位48:201:12:11分区 翻译真题演练01 课堂笔记（英语一）的第 3 页有道考神考研Notes:本题需注意句子结构分析。根据句意：was associated with前接freedom更恰当，因此which指代freedom。Notes:本题需注意辨别破折号的指代作用，及two forces具体指代哪两部分by its nature,通过其本身整合翻译参考翻译：这场运动由多种强大的动机驱使，在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，而通过其本身还塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。例5：2014年49题Especially significant was his view of freedom,which,for him,was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual:he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.拆分句子Especially significant was his view of freedom,【which,for him,was associated with the 主句(倒装)【定语从句which指代主句中freedom】rights and responsibilities of the individual:】he advocated freedom of thought and of 冒号-解释说明 主句 of引导后置定语personal expression.【词汇笔记】1.inevitable adj.必要的，不可避免的2.renderv.致使；使变得Especially significant was his view of freedom,尤其重要的是，他对于自由的观点which,for him,(指代freedom)对于他was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual:（自由）和个人的权利和责任相联系he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.他倡导思想自由和个人表达的自由局部翻译Especially significant was his view of freedom,尤其重要的是贝多芬对于自由的观点which,for him,was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual:于他而言，这种自由是与个人的权利和责任相互关联的he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.他倡导了思想自由和个人表达自由优化翻译（准确、完整、通顺）整合翻译尤其重要的是贝多芬对于自由的观点即倡导思想自由和个人表达自由。对他而言，这种自由是与个人的权利和责任相互关联的。例6：2015年47题The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs,and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.拆分句子The United States is the product of two principal forces-【immigration of the European 主句 【two forces的解释说明】peoples with their varied ideas,customs,and national characteristics and the impact of a 第一个force new country which modified these traits.】第二个force视频定位1:12:111:29:24视频定位1:29:241:47:10分区 翻译真题演练01 课堂笔记（英语一）的第 4 页有道考神考研【词汇笔记】1.principal adj.主要的 n.校长2.principlen.原则3.characteristicadj.典型的，特有的；n.特征，特性4.traitn.特征The United States is the product of two principal forces-美国是两个主要力量的产物the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs,and national characteristics 带有各种各样观点、习俗、民族特征的欧洲移民and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.以及能够改变这些特征的新国家的力量局部翻译The United States is the product of two principal forces-美国是两种主要力量结合的产物the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs,and nationalcharacteristics一种是具有各种思想、习俗和民族特征的欧洲移民and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.另一种优化翻译（准确、完整、通顺）整合翻译参考答案：美国是两种主要力置结合的产物：一种是具有各种思想、习俗和民族特征的欧洲移民，另一种是是改变这些特征的新国家的影响。课后练习：1.练习英语一2013年46-50题，2015年50题；2.复习回顾课上内容。课后总结一、翻译技巧1.翻译第一步：先拆分，需注意句子结构的合理划分2.翻译的目标准确完整通顺；优化翻译的方式：1）选词恰当；2）适当增词减词，但需保留文意。3.被动语态的翻译：有被则被，无被找主，无被替换；4.人名的翻译：不可英文照抄，名人需用惯用名，一般名字可音译。5.插入语的翻译：前置翻译、按顺序翻译二、语法知识1.A of B of C可译为“C的B的A”2.upon可理解为on“在之上”3.【out of】1）“出去”，Get out of here.2）“缺乏”，I am running out of money.3）“从出来”，He took the key out of his pocket.4）“出于”，Mr.Tang screamed out of excitement.5）“从中”，He gets much happiness out of books.6）“用制作”，This house was built out of wood.分区 翻译真题演练01 课堂笔记（英语一）的第 5 页有道考神考研