2022年逐词逐句精讲册(1).pdf

2022年逐词逐句精讲册Section I Use of English3植物意识与智慧原文朗读词汇讲解第一段DThe idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s.【词汇注释】consciousnesskonfosnasn.意识take root植根：深入人心【结构切分】主句：The idea first took root in the early2000s.The idea的that plants have some degree of consciousness主语状语谓语时间状语词位语从句引导词主语谓语宾语【全句译文】21世纪初，“植物具有某种程度的意识”这一观点开始深入人心。2The termplant neurobiologywas coined around the notion that some aspects of plant behaviorcould be compared to intelligence in animals.【词汇注释】termt3:mn.词语；术语behaviorbrhervja(r)n.表现方式；活动方式neurobiologyinjuor3 o barpl3dsin.神经生物学intelligencenteld3nsn.智力：理解力coin圈kon创造【结构切分】主句：The termplant neurobiologywas coined around the notion主语The term的同位语被动态谓语状语the notionf的同位语从句that some aspects of plant behaviorcould be compared to intelligence in animals.引导词主语被动态谓语状语【全句译文】“植物神经生物学”这一术语就是围绕“植物行为在某些方面（的智慧）堪比动物智力”这一观念创造的。3Though plants lack brains,the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonethelesstriggered responses that hinted at consciousness,researchers previously reported.【词汇注释】firingfararipu.发射；产生nonethelessnAndalesad.尽管如此；仍然electricallektrika.以电流形式的：带电的triggertriga(r).引发；触发signals1gnaln.信号hint at暗示着；表明stemstemn.茎：干1interact with sth与某物相互作用formfo:m构成；组成hormoneho:maunn.激素；荷尔蒙nervous圈n3vasa.与神经有关的：神经系统的neurotransmitternjuoroutraenzmita(r)n.analogous to sth与类似经递质【结构切分】间接引语：Beginning in 2006,some scientistshave argued引述分句状语主语谓语said lead study author Lincoln Taiz.have argued的宾语从句that plantspossessneuron-like cells neuron-like cellsthat interact withhormones and neurotransmitters.引导词主语谓语宾语的定语从句引导词谓语宾语结果状语analogous to that in animals,a.system的forming a plant nervous system,后置定语【全句译文】该研究报告的第一作者林肯泰兹说，从2006年开始，就有一些科学家竭力主张，植物拥有类似于神经元的细胞，能够与荷尔蒙和神经递质相互作用，构成“植物的神经系统，与动物的神经系统类似”。2They even claimed that plants have brain-like command centersat their root tips.【词汇注释】claimkleim.宣称；声称commandk3ma:ndn.指挥：控制【结构切分】主句：Theyeven claimedclaimed that plants have brain-like command centersat their root tips.主语谓语宾语从句引导词主语谓语宾语状语【全句译文】“他们甚至声称，植物的根尖有类似大脑的指挥中心”第四段1This perspective makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain,reducing it to anarray of electrical pulses;cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals.【词汇注释】make sense有道理：讲得通reduce.to将简化为simplifysImplifarv.简化：使简明pulsepAlsn.脉动；脉冲workingw3k四n.工作方式；运行方式communicatek3mju:nikeit,.传递信息：交流信息【结构切分】ifyou simplifythe workings of a complex brain,reducing it to an array of electrical pulses:引导词主语谓语宾语伴随状语条件状语从句分句1：This perspective makes sense主语谓语分句2：cellsin plantsalso communicate through electrical signals主语cellsi的后置定语谓语方式状语【全句译文】如果把复杂大脑的运作机制简化为一系列电脉冲，这一观点倒也言之有理：（因为）植物细胞也通过电信号交流。32However,the signaling in a plant is only superficially similar to the firing in a complex animalbrain,which is more than a mass of cells that communicate by electricity,Taiz said.【词汇注释】superficiallysup3fifoliad.表面上地similarsImala(r)a.相似的：类似的【结构切分】主句：However,the signaling in a plantis only superficially similar to the firing in a complex animal brain状语1主语系动词表语状语2animal brain的定语从句whichis more than a mass of cellsthat communicate by electricity,引述。Taiz said.引导词系动词表语a.cells的定语从句（引导词+谓语+状语）分句【全句译文】但是，植物体内的信号传递与动物复杂的大脑的信号传递只是表面上相似，动物大脑不仅仅是“通过电脉冲交流的细胞团”，泰兹指出。第五段1For consciousness to evolve,a brain with a threshold level of complexity and capacity isrequired,”he added.【词汇注释】evolveivolv.逐渐形成：演化capacitykopasatin.容纳能力；容纳度thresholdOrefhauldn.界；阈requirerrkwaIo(r).需要：有赖于【结构切分】直接引语：For consciousness to evolve,a brainwith a threshold level of complexity and capacityis required,目的状语主语a brain的后置定语被动态谓语引述分句he added.【全句译文】“想要进化形成意识，大脑的复杂性和容纳度需要达到一定的阈值。”他补充道。“Since plants dont havenervous systems,the chances that they have consciousness areeffectively zero.【词汇注释】chancea:nsn.可能性effectivelyfektivliad.实际上：事实上【结构切分】主句：the chancesareeffectively zero原因状“Since plants dont havenervous systems.主语系动词表语语从句引导词主语谓语宾语the chancesf的同位语从句that they haveconsciousness引导词主语谓语宾语【全句译文】“既然植物没有神经系统，那它们存在意识的可能性实际上为零”。第六段DAnd whats so great about consciousness,anyway?【结构切分】Andwhatsso great about consciousness,anyway?连词主语+系动词表语方面状语状语【全句译文】那么，意识究竟有什么了不起的呢？2Plants cant run away from danger,so investing energy in a body system which recognizes athreat and can feel pain would be a very poor evolutionary strategy,according to the article.【词汇注释】run away from sth避开；逃离threatoretn.威胁investInvestv.投人poorpp:(r)a.糟糕的；不理想的recognizerekagnaIz.识别：辨别evolutionaryitv3lu:fanria.进化的；演变的【结构切分】分句l:Plantscant run away fromdanger,主语谓语宾语插人语according to分句2：soinvesting energy in a body system would be a very poor evolutionary strategy,the article.连词主语系动词表语a body system的定语从句which recognizes a threat and can feel pain引导词谓语宾语连词系动词表语【全句译文】这篇文章认为，植物无法逃离危险，因此把能量投放在一个可以识别威胁并能感知疼痛的身体系统将是一种非常糟糕的进化策略。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText1当塑料弥足珍贵之时第一段原文朗读词汇讲解1People often complain that plastics are too durable.【词汇注释】plasticplastikn.塑料durabledjuarabla.耐用的；持久的【结构切分】complaint的宾语从句主句：People often complainthatplasticsaretoo durable.主语状语谓语引导词主语系动词表语【全句译文】人们常抱怨塑料太耐久了。2Water bottles,shopping bags,and other trash litter the planet,from Mount Everest to theMariana Trench,because plastics are everywhere and dont break down easily.【词汇注释】trashtren.废物：垃圾planetplaenitn.地球litterlta(r)v.使乱七八糟；使凌乱break down分解5【结构切分】from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench,插人语主句：Water bottles.shopping bags.and other trashlitterthe planet.主语谓语宾语个原因状语从句because plastics areeverywhere anddont break down easily引导词主语系动词表语连词谓语状语【全句译文】从珠穆朗玛峰到马里亚纳海沟，整个地球被水瓶、购物袋以及其他废弃物弄得乱七八糟，这正是因为塑料无处不在且不易分解。3 But some plastic materials change over time.【结构切分】Butsome plastic materials change over time.连词主语谓语状语【全句译文】但有些塑料材料会随时间推移逐渐发生变化。4They crack and frizzle.【词汇注释】crackkrek.破裂：裂开frizzlefrzlv.卷曲【结构切分】They crackand frizzle主语谓语1连词谓语2【全句译文】它们会破裂、卷曲They“weep”out additives.【词汇注释】weepwipv.流出：渗出additiveedativn.添加剂：添加物【结构切分】They“weep”out additives.主语谓语宾语【全句译文】它们会渗出添加剂。6They melt into sludge.【词汇注释】melt into逐渐变成：融合sludgeslAd3n.烂泥状沉积物【结构切分】They melt into sludge.主语谓语状语【全句译文】它们会逐渐融化成泥7All of which creates huge headaches for institutions,such as museums,trying to preserveculturally important objects.6