2022考研英语一基础夯实训练-阅读测评[途鸟吧论坛 www.tnbzs.com].pdf

2022 考研英语（一）基础夯实训练-阅读测评卷_官 网：电 话：400-011-8090地 址：北京市海淀区中关村南大街 17 号院韦伯时代中心 C 座北配楼12022 考研英语考研英语（一）（一）基础夯实训练基础夯实训练-阅读测评卷阅读测评卷Reading ComprehensionDirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Text 1Many things make people think artists are weird.But the weirdest may be this:artists only job is to explore emotions,and yet they choose to focus on the ones thatfeel bad.This wasnt always so.The earliest forms of art,like painting and music,arethose best suited for expressing joy.But somewhere from the 19th century onward,more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless,phony or,worst of all,boring,aswe went from Wordsworths daffodils to Baudelaires flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because moderntimes have seen so much misery.But its not as if earlier times didnt know perpetualwar,disaster and the massacre of innocents.The reason,in fact,may be just theopposite:there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all,what is the one modern form of expression almost completelydedicated to depicting happiness?Advertising.The rise of anti-happy art almostexactly tracks the emergence of mass media,and with it,a commercial culture inwhich happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery.They workeduntil exhausted,lived with few protections and died young.In the West,before masscommunication and literacy,the most powerful mass medium was the church,whichreminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be2022 考研英语（一）基础夯实训练-阅读测评卷_官 网：电 话：400-011-8090地 址：北京市海淀区中关村南大街 17 号院韦伯时代中心 C 座北配楼2meat for worms.Given all this,they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religiousbut commercial,and forever happy.Fast-food eaters,news anchors,text messengers,all smiling,smiling,smiling.Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happyfamilies in perfect homes.And since these messages have an agendato lure us toopen our walletsthey make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable.“Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex,before we found out it couldincrease the risk of heart attacks.But what we forgetwhat our economy depends on us forgettingis thathappiness is more than pleasure without pain.The things that bring the greatest joycarry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment.Today,surrounded bypromises of easy happiness,we need art to tell us,as religion once did,Memento mori:remember that you will die,that everything ends,and that happiness comes not indenying this but in living with it.Its a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette,yet,somehow,a breath of fresh air.1.By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire,the authorintends to show that _.A poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or musicB art grows out of both positive and negative feelingsC poets today are less skeptical of happinessD artists have changed their focus of interest2.The word“bummer”(Line 5,paragraph 5)most probably means something_.A religiousB unpleasantC entertainingD commercial3.In the authors opinion,advertising _.A emerges in the wake of the anti-happy artB is a cause of disappointment for the general publicC replace the church as a major source of information2022 考研英语（一）基础夯实训练-阅读测评卷_官 网：电 话：400-011-8090地 址：北京市海淀区中关村南大街 17 号院韦伯时代中心 C 座北配楼3D creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself4.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes _.A happiness more often than not ends in sadnessB the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshingC misery should be enjoyed rather than deniedD the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms5.Which of the following is true of the text?A Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.BArt provides a balance between expectation and reality.C People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.D Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Text 2Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learnthat a colleague has been given a bigger one.Indeed,if he has a reputation forslacking,you might even be outraged.Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finelydeveloped sense of grievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal ofEmory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.Theylook cute.They are good-natured,co-operative creatures,and they share their foodreadily.Above all,like their female human counterparts,they tend to pay much closerattention to the value of“goods and services”than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnans and Dr.deWaals study.The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchangetokens for food.Normally,the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces ofrock for slices of cucumber.However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but2022 考研英语（一）基础夯实训练-阅读测评卷_官 网：电 话：400-011-8090地 址：北京市海淀区中关村南大街 17 号院韦伯时代中心 C 座北配楼4adjoining chambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in returnfor its rock,their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable tocucumbers).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,thesecond was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if onereceived a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the othereither tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused toaccept the slice of cucumber.Indeed,the mere presence of a grape in the otherchamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to induce resentment in afemale capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided by socialemotions.In the wild,they are a co-operative,group-living species.Such co-operationis likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings ofrighteous indignation,it seems,are not the preserve of people alone.Refusing a lesserreward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of thegroup.However,whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchinsand humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered question.6.In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by _.A posing a contrastB justifying an assumptionC making a comparisonD explaining a phenomenon7.The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line,Paragraph l)implies that_.A monkeys are also outraged by slack rivalsB resenting unfairness is also monkeysnatureC monkeys,like humans,tend to be jealous of each other2022 考研英语（一）基础夯实训练-阅读测评卷_官 网：电 话：400-011-8090地 址：北京市海淀区中关村南大街 17 号院韦伯时代中心 C 座北配楼5D no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions8.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probablybecause they are _.A more inclined to weigh what they getB attentive to researchersinstructionsC nice in both appearance and temperamentD more generous than their male companions9.Dr.Brosnan and Dr.de Waal have eventually found in their study that themonkeys _.A prefer grapes to cucumbersB can be taught to exchange thingsC will not be co-operative if feeling cheatedD are unhappy when separated from others10.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.CAnimals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.