翻译强化.pdf

翻译强化课程崔洋崔洋一.题型及题目展示长度为400单词左右的一篇说明文或议论文，将其中五个部分（约150单词）翻译成汉语，一共10分，要求译文准确，通顺，完整。英译汉部分所选的短文多为正式的说明文和议论文，体裁偏向专业领域的学术文献，抽象，晦涩，考查专业常识术语，在用词方面较正规、正式。1997 动物权利保护1998 天体物理学：大爆炸理论1999 历史研究的方法论2000 政府的宏观调控能力2001 人工智能的发展2002 行为认知的发展2003 人类学2004 语言学2005 欧洲的电视媒体业2006 知识分子的作用2007 法律在新闻报道中的作用2008 达尔文2009 教育学(民主主义与教育1919)2010 生态学(沙郡年记1949)2011 人的性格和环境的关系2012 人类对一致性地追求2013 花园：谈人之为人（哈德森散文集）2014 贝多芬2015 美国历史纲要2016 心理健康（如何从内到外塑造更平静简单的生活）2017 英语的全球化发展及面临的挑战2018 西方戏剧的诞生和发展2019 医学论文对科研发展的影响2020 文艺复兴及它的影响2021 二战后高等教育的发展考研英语翻译是什么？考研英语翻译特点：长、难、怪400字左右文章，每句话2分分段记分，踩点给分Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,orderly,systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.（2003年，62题，35词）On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence,but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared,and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.（1992年75题，最长的58个单词）一、考查内容难：考研翻译，两“难”境地词汇难：生词、一词多义、熟词僻义、专业术语等，比比皆是结构难：长难句、复杂句、倒装、插入语、否定、比较、从句加从句，结构套结构1、词汇 考研大纲中所有词汇的用法2、语法 长难句分析3、语篇上下文的联系，主要考查代词的用法二、词汇的基本难点及解决1、词义的曲解1994年72题a leader of the new school contends中的school是“学派”，而不是“学校”1995年74题when the qualities to be measured中的quality是“特征”，而不是“质量”1996年74题elegant system中的elegant是“完美，完善”，而不是“优雅”1997年71题there is an agreed account of human rights中的account是“认识，看法”，而不是“账户”1998年75题some respected ideas中，respected是“公认”，而不是“受人尊敬的”1999年74题appropriate to various branch of historical inquiry中，inquiry是“研究，探索，探究”，而不是“询问”2000年75题 arising from mass migration movement中movement是“移动，流动”，不是“运动”2001年75题 And home appliances will become so smart that中，smart是“智能化”，而不是“聪明”2002年65题 a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected中，technology是“方法，研究方法”，不是“技术”2003年65题 like the concept of set in mathematics中的set是“集合”，不是“一套，放置”2004年62题 we are obliged to them中，oblige是“感谢，感激”，不是“被迫”2005年48题 a fact underlined by statistics中，underlined是“强调，表明，突出”，不是“下划线”词汇难之“生词”：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,orderly,systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.（2003年，62题，35词）词汇难之“生词”：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks 试图to study humans and their endeavors 行为in the same reasoned,orderly,systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.（2003年，62题，35词）词汇难之“多义词”：Life生命？生活？词汇难之“多义词”：School学校？学派？一群？学校教育？词汇难之“多义词”：School学校？学派？一群？学校教育？2009年 schooling 学校教育词汇难之“多义词”：Respect：尊敬？方面？词汇难之“多义词”：Set：套？集合？词汇难之“多义词”：Set：套？集合？2013年65题：集合词汇难之“熟词僻义”：Wrong：错误？受委屈？词汇难之“专业术语”：Greek：格里克？希腊？词汇难之“专业术语”：Land community土地交流？土地社区？陆生群落？结构难之“结构套结构”：But his primary task is not to think about the moral code,which governs his activity,any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.（2006年，49题，37词）所有需要掌握结构：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，定语从句，倒装，插入语，否定，被动结构，比较结构，形式主语，there be句型，并列结构基础阶段只需要掌握：定语从句，状语从句和被动结构考研英语翻译是什么？怪：来源怪2009年翻译考查杜威相关文章1916年出版2010年翻译：生态学1949年版本2011年：艾伦（20世纪最伟大的心灵导师）2015年：参考本书1942年版本第一章第一节：美国建国初期殖民地情况考研英语翻译是什么？做！改！对！记！做！转变观念：动手！“做”翻译千万不要“看翻译”改！查字典，看结构，自我修改改翻译的过程，才是真正提高翻译的过程，是体会翻译的过程对！对答案是检验自己水平的过程更是自学翻译的过程！（发现自己的错误）记！记结果是总结自己翻译的过程，记住单词、句型、选词的策略、翻译的方法等等，以运用到以后的翻译中，当然更重要的是，运用到考场上考研翻译题型、命题原则和评分标准1.题型大：主观题（最难）1.题型大：主观题（最难）1）写汉字单词：A.蒙The human modify the environment.人类有能力去改造环境人类有能力去改变环境（2003年61题）1.题型大：主观题（最难）1）写汉字单词：A.蒙B.背1.题型大：主观题（最难）1）写汉字翻译真题使用的三个阶段：A.2000-2010:11年55句话，最重要B.1990年-2000:10年50句话，次重要C.2010-现在：极重要，适合考前模考1.题型大：主观题（最难）1）写汉字单词：真题的使用：2）书写工整1.题型小：阅读题1）阅读理解的Part C1.题型小：阅读题1）阅读理解的Part C2）5个长难句3）分值：满分10分，每句2分1.题型小：阅读题1）阅读理解的Part C2）5个长难句3）分值：满分10分，每句2分英语一和英语二的差别：分值不同，题型不同，难易不同1.题型小：阅读题4）文章一般不用通读，但是划线句上下文需要看（句中某一个单词的理解、代词指代）1.命题原则1）体裁：偏学术文献，属于“通识”读物3.评分标准A.重要性=翻译标准=检查译文标准（多读中文）B.准确、通顺、完整大意相同There is a pen in my hand.B.准确、通顺、完整大意相同说人话B.准确、通顺、完整大意相同说人话要成句B.准确、通顺、完整大意相同说人话要成句准确是前提！2、解决方法1）词义选择的重要性熟词僻义+生词熟义2）根据词性、词根、词缀来确定词义3）根据上下文和汉语习惯搭配来确定词义However,the world is so made that the elegant system are in principle unable to deal with some of the worlds more fascinating and delightful aspects.（1996年74题）参考译文：然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。“生词”：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,orderly,systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.（2003年，62题，35词）参考译文：社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它试图用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式去研究人类及其行为。1、看懂原文，了解文章的基本含义2、进行拆分寻觅句主干前瞻与后看不管从插代拆分即可翻断句His state of weakness was such that he was unable to digest any food he consumed by fever and he would have died but for the attention of his friends who rescued him from the excesses into which he had been throwing himself.3、拆分信号词标点符号连词：连接并列句的并列连词：and,or,but,yet,for连接状语从句的连接词：when,as,since,until,before,after,where,because,since,though,although,so that,等等关系词：连接名词性从句的who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever等关系代词和when,where,how,why等关系副词连接定语从句的关系代词：who,which,that,whom,whose介词：on,in,with,at,of,to等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语不定式符号to：不定式常常构成不定式短语做定语分词：过去分词和现在分词可以构成分词短语作修饰语分段给分、采点给分原则4、改变原文顺序，组合汉语译文四、重读1、阅读汉语2、信3、达4、雅五、长难句基本考点分析（一）定语从句翻译1、定语从句的前置合译法This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.中文：主语废话+主句英语：主语主句废话/废话主句主句（一）定语从句翻译1、定语从句的前置合译法This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make（定语从句部分8个词的时候用前置合译法）of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.On the whole,such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence,but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared,and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought,which took roots in Europe lone before people realized how diverse language could be.（一）定语从句翻译2、定语从句的前置合译法与后置分译法Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development.行为主义者认为孩子要是成长在有许多刺激性的环境中，而这些刺激又培养了其适当反应的能力，那么这个孩子就会有了更大的智力提高。（一）定语从句翻译3、定语从句的融合变译法This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature;actually,aside from abnormally lazy people,there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum,and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature;actually,aside from abnormally lazy people,there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum,and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.这样的假设是基于这样一种谬论，人性中存在着天生的懒惰，实际上，很少有人不愿意挣只比最低生活费多的钱，也很少有人愿意无所事事不去工作。（二）被动语态的翻译被动语态的翻译原则PA寻找替代词科技文献用“可以”有“被”不用“被”Today this treasury of silt is trapped behind the dam,and there is no effective system.Yet the Nile has been changed by modern man in ways not yet fully understood.Because it is very slippery,it is used for lubrication.（三）代词的翻译代词指明要点不抽象不具体It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions.But the fact is that they were all social revolutions.Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals that they characterize all the Industrial Revolution.The canals were arteries of communications:they were not made to carry pleasure boats,but barges.James Brindley was a pioneer in the art of building canals or,as it was then called,navigation.James Brindley was a pioneer in the art of building canals or,as it was then called,navigation.不译法We call libro as book in Spanish.2011 T42段：Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom,or mom-to-be,smiling on the newsstands.总结考查内容词汇知识点长难句如何分析三个重要的考点解析简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化n.+v.动词的时态动词的语态动词的情态动词的否定简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态一般过去式谓语动词=did was（were）Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence.（2000,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 4）.this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world.（2014,Reading Comprehension,Part B）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态一般现在时谓语动词=do/doesSo far the results are inconclusive.（2009,Use of English）But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.（2014,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 2）Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites.（2014,Reading Comprehension,Part B）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态一般现在时谓语动词=do/doesToday it makes almost no difference.（2000,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 2）Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links.（2001,Translation）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态一般将来时谓语动词=will+do 或 am/is/are going to+doWe will have a less civil society.（2004,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 4）I dont know if other clients are going to abandon me,too.（2004,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 3）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态一般将来时谓语动词=will+do 或 am/is/are going to+do.the problem will be different.（2002,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text1）Clearly,only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.（2005,Translation）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态过去将来时 谓语动词=would+do 或 was/were going to+do.it simply didnt foresee what would happen next.（2012,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 2）For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors.was going to be the next casualty.（2000,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 1）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态过去进行时谓语动词=was/were doingHe was searching for tiny engraved seals.（2014,Reading Comprehension,Part B）Within two weeks,he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group.（2011,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 2）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态过去完成时谓语动词=had+done过去的之前He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for$20 worth of gambling.（2006,Reading Comprehension,Part B）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态过去完成时谓语动词=had+done过去的之前The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five.（2013,Use of English）.he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years.（2008,Translation）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态现在完成时谓语动词=have/has+done现在的之前Time.has given them legitimacy.（2014,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 3）The ethical judgements of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently.（2012,Use of English）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态现在完成时谓语动词=have/has+done现在的之前过去现在For the most part,the response has been favorable.（2011,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 1）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态现在完成时谓语动词=have/has+done现在的之前Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce,with limited success,and expansion abroad.（2010,Reading Comprehension,Part B）Family have also experienced changes these years.（2004,Use of English）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态.the response has been favorable.the response was favorable.简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态现在全部完成，可以换成过去时现在部分完成，不能换成过去时He has left,so I cannot find him now.He left two hours ago.We have learned English for 15 years.We learned English for 15 years.简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态将来完成时谓语动词=will have+done.relaxation will be in front of smell-television,and digital age will have arrived.（2001,Translation）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态现在完成进行时谓语动词=have/has been doingThat kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades.（2003,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 1）Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public.（2010,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 4）简单句的核心变化角度相同都表示“现在的之前”两种时态现在完成时have/has done现在完成进行时have/has been doing强调不同强调结果（做完与否都可以）强调过程例句We have not won the match.We have beenworking hard for several months.简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：时态真题演练真题演练1.A received one for its“one-click”online payment system.（2010,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 2）2.insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.（2010,Translation）3.I am going to suggest that it is not true.（2006,Translation）4.We will become a second-rate country.（2004,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 4）简单句的核心变化5.And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.（2006,Use of English）6.Dr.Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes.（2008,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 1）7.A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question.（2013,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 3）8.Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market.（2000,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 1）简单句的核心变化9.By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.（2007,Use of English）10.Americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century.（2003,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 4）11.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too.（2012,Translation）12.for a century,past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up.（2000,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 3）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：情态简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：情态现在时过去时must无cancouldwillwouldshallshouldmaymight简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：情态must“必须”.we must also treat with caution.（2012,Reading Comprehension,Part B）Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way.（2003,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 2）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：情态can/could“能够，可以”.and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions.（2014,Use of English）Similarly,the physical act of laughter could improve mood.（2011,Use of English）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：情态will/would“愿意，将要”The first draft will appear on the page.（2008,Reading Comprehension,Part B）Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates.（2004,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 3）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：情态may/might“可以，可能”.expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.（2011,Use of English）Such bodily reaction might conceivably help moderate the effects of psychological stress.（2011,Use of English）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：情态should “应该”America should follow.（2014,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 2）Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.（2005,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 3）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：情态The details may be unknowable.（2010,Reading Comprehension,Part A,Text 4）It might be poetic,philosophical,sensual,or mathematical,but in any case it must.have something to do with the soul of the human being.（2014,Translation）简单句的核心变化谓语动词的变化：情态Such searches can take years.（2014,Reading Comprehension,Part B）.this loss of mental focus can potentially have a damaging impact on our professional,social,and personal