2022完形新题型翻译讲义冲刺英语考研资料免费分享.pdf

122 考研英语完形、翻译讲义考研英语完形、翻译讲义宋逸轩宋逸轩【完型部分】【完型部分】一一.完型固定搭配完型固定搭配这一部分的短语是完型填空中考察的词汇和大纲词汇总结出来的短语搭配。a number of若干above all首先，尤其abide by 遵守of ones own accord 自愿地be absorbed in专心于by accident偶然account for说明on account of因为，由于takeinto account考虑be accustomed to习惯于add up to合计，总计in addition另外in addition to除.之外in accordance with 依照in advance提前，预先take advantage of利用adhere to 坚持，遵循ahead of在.前面，先于in the air在流行中，在传播中after all终于，毕竟，虽然这样all but 几乎，差一点，除之外其余都all over遍及，到处at all完全，根本in all总共，共计make allowances for 考虑，顾及，体谅in alliance with与.联盟leavealone听其自然，不要去管let alone更不用说along with与.一起one after another一个接一个one another互相apart from除去as for至于，就.方面说as if好像，仿佛as though好像，仿佛as to至于，关于as well也，一样aside from除.以外ask for请求，要求pay attention to注意on average平均上，平均起来right away立即，马上有道考神考研2back and forth来回，往返，来来往往on the basis of根据，在.的基础上because of由于，因为（后面跟名词）on behalf of代表，为了do/try ones best尽力，努力get the best of胜过make the best of充分利用，妥善处理subjectto 使遭受，使经受had better最好还是，应该on board在（船、车、飞机等）上be bound to必定，一定break away脱离，逃跑break down损坏，分解，瓦解break in强行进入，闯入，打断break into闯入break off断绝，结束break out突发，爆发break through突破break up终止，结束，打碎catch ones breath屏息out of breath 喘不过气,上气不接下气in brief简而言之bring about带来，造成bring down打倒，挫伤bring forth产生，提出bring forward提出bring out 使出现，公布bring to 使恢复知觉bring up教育，培养，使成长build up 积累，树立，逐步建立burn out烧掉burn up烧完，烧尽call for邀请，要求，需要call forth唤起，引起call off放弃，取消call on/upon访问，拜访call up召集，动员care for照顾，关心take care小心，当心take care of照顾，照料，负责carry off夺去carry on继续下去，坚持下去carry out贯彻，执行，实现in any case无论如何，总之in case假如，万一in no case决不catch on理解，明白catch up with追上，赶上by chance偶然，碰巧take a chance冒险一试in charge of负责，主管take charge of担任，负责charge sb.with 控告某人有check in办理登记手续check out结账后离开check upon校对，检查cheer up使高兴，使振奋，高兴起来clear away打扫，收拾clear up整理，收拾，清除，澄清around/round the clock昼夜不停的come off实现，成功，奏效come on请，来吧，发展come out出版，出现，显露，结局是come round/around来访，苏醒有道考神考研3come through经历，脱险come to总计，达到come true实现，达到come up走进，发生come up to达到，符合come up with提出，提供in common共同.共有keep company with 与.交往，与.结伴compareto/with把.比做by comparison比较起来confineto 把限制在某范围内be concerned with关心in conclusion最后，总之on the condition that在.条件下in connection with/to关于in consequence因此，结果in consequence of由于.的缘故on the contrary反之，正相反in contrast to与.相反by contrast相比之下out of control失去控制under control被控制住at all costs不惜任何代价，无论如何at the cost of以.代价count on依靠，指望count up把.相加in the course of在.过程中，在.期间of course当然cover up掩饰，掩盖cross out删去，取消take ones cue from 学.样子,听.劝告cut across走捷径，抄近路cut down，削减，减少cut in插嘴，打断cut out停止，剪下，取代cut short突然停止in danger在危险中out of danger脱离危险out of date过期up to date时新的a great deal of大量的，许多的in debt欠债，欠情take delight in以.为乐derive from导出，由.来in detail详细的die down渐渐消失，平息die off相继死去die out消失，灭绝be on a diet节食make a difference有影响in the distance在远处do away with废除，去掉have nothing to do with 和.毫无关系have something to do with 和.有关系no doubt无疑，必定draw up画出，草拟drop off 减弱,减少,把留下,放下车drop out退出，离开due to由于，因为off duty下班on duty值班，上班on earth究竟，到底；在世界上bring into effect 使生效putinto effect实行，生效有道考神考研4come into effect生效，实施in effect有效，实际上take effect生效，起作用in the end最后，终于in essence大体上，本质上in the event of万一，如果发生with the exception of除.之外in excess of超过catch ones eye引人注目keep an eye on留意，照看face to face面对面地face up to大胆面对in the face of面对make a face做鬼脸in face实际上as a matter of fact实际上fail to未能fall behind落后fall back on求助于，转而依靠so far迄经为止，目前为止in favor of有利于，赞成，支持feed in输入be fed up with感到厌烦feel like想要a few有些，几个quite a few有相当数目的fill in/out填充，填写find out查明catch fire着火set fire to 点燃on fire 着火，烧着at first最初，首先first of all首先as follows如下make a fool of玩弄，愚弄on foot步行in force有效，实施中and so forth等等set free释放make friends交朋友be friends with对.友好make fun of取消，嘲弄in the future 今后，将来in general通常，大体上get along with进展，相处融洽get away逃脱，离开get down to开始，着手get in进入，收获，收集get into进入，陷入get off离开，动身，开始get out of逃避，改掉get over克服get the better of占上风，胜过get through结束，完成get together集合，聚集get up起床，增加give away泄露，分送give back送还，恢复give in投降，屈服give off放出，释放give out分发，放出give up停止，放弃give way to给.让路，被.替代go after追求有道考神考研5go ahead开始，前进go along with陪同前往，随行go by过去go for支持，拥护go into进入，研究，调查go off爆炸；发射；动身离开；变质go on（to do/doing）继续，发生go over检查，复习，重温go through经历，经受，详细检查go with伴随，与.协调as good as 和.几乎一样，实际上等于for good永久的good for 有效，适用take for granted 认为理所当然on guard警惕，防范in half一半at hand在附近，即将到来hand down流传下来，传给hand in交上，递交hand in hand手拉着手，联合hand on传下来，依次传递hand out分发，散发hand over交出，移交in hand在控制中hang up挂断（电话）happen to碰巧，偶然hardly any几乎没有，几乎什么也不hardly when刚一.就in haste急忙的，草率的head for驶向，走向lose ones head不知所措at heart实质上learnby heart记住，背诵heart and soul 全心全意lose heart丧失勇气，失去信心cant help(doing)禁不住，不得不help oneself 自取所需get hold of 抓住，掌握hold back踌躇，退缩，阻止，抑制hold on to紧紧抓住，坚持hold up举起，承载，阻挡at home在家，在国内，自在自如home and aboard国内外in honor of为纪念，向.表示敬意on ones honor以名誉担保hundreds of数以百计，许多hunger for渴望hunger up赶快，迅速完成in a hurry急忙的，急于if only要是.多好for instance例如instead of代替，而不是at intervals不时，时时by oneself独自，单身in itself本身keep back阻止，阻挡，隐瞒keep down 控制，压制，镇压，压低keepfrom使.不做keep off不接近，避开keep on(doing)继续，保持keep out of躲开，置身之外keep up保持，维持，坚持keep up with跟上knock down撞倒，击倒有道考神考研6knock out击倒，击昏known as被认为是，被称为at large一般，大体上at last最终，终于layaside把.搁置一边lay down放下，制定lay off解雇lay out安排，布置，陈列，展示at least至于，最低限度leavebehind留下，忘了带leave out遗漏，略去at length最后；详细地no less than 不少于,不亚于,和.一样let down放下，降低；使失望let go放开，松手let in让.进去，放.近来let off放（炮，烟火）；开枪；免除let out放掉，发出lie in在于cast light on/upon使明白，阐明in line with和.成直线，与.一致line up排队，使排成一行a little一点，也许little by little逐渐地quite a little相当多，不少live on/by靠.生活live through度过，经受过live up to做到，不辜负as long as/so long as只要，如果before long不久以后for long长久的no longer不再look after照管，照料look at看望，注视look back回顾，回头看look down on看不起，轻视look for寻找，寻求look forward to盼望，期待look into调查，观察look on旁观，观看look out留神，注意，警惕look over检查，察看，调查look through仔细察看，浏览，温习look up to尊敬，敬仰at a loss困惑，不知所措at lot of大量的，很多的lots of大量，很多fall in love with相爱，爱上be made up of由.构成，由.组成make for走向，驶向；有利于make up 构成,组成,弥补,编造,化妆make up for补偿，弥补a great/good many许多，大量many a许多的a matter of关于.的问题no matter how/what/when无论怎样by all means无论如何，必定by means of借助于by no means决不in memory of纪念at the mercy of在.支配下keepin mind记住havein mind记住；考虑到make up ones mind下决心有道考神考研7never mind不要紧，没关系by mistake错误的mix up混合，混淆at the moment现在，此刻for a moment片刻，一会儿for the moment现在，暂时in a moment立刻，马上more or less 或多或少，几乎no more不再no more than不过，仅仅at most最多，至多make the most of充分利用by nature天生，就其本性而言in nature本质上neither nor既不.也不nothing but只有，仅仅every now and then 有时，时时，偶尔just now刚才，一会儿just that既然，由于on occasion有时，不时at odds with与.不一致，差异，争执off and on断断续续，不时地and so on等等all at once突然at once立刻，马上once for all一劳永逸once more再一次，又一次come/go into operation开始运转put/bring into operation 使生效,使运转in order秩序井然，整齐in order to为了in order that以便out of order发生故障，混乱put in order修理，检修every other每隔一个other than除了over and over一再，再三owing to由于on ones own独自的，独立的keep pace with跟上，与.同步take pains尽力，煞费苦心play a role起作用take part in参加in particular特别的，尤其pass away去世，逝世pass off终止，停止pass out失去知觉，昏倒in the past在过去pay back偿还，回报pay off使.得益，有报偿pay up全部付清pick out选出，挑出pick up拣起；搭人；获得in place在适当的位置in place of代替in the first place起初，首先in the last place最后take place发生take the place of代替play with以.为消遣，玩弄come to the point说到要点on the point of即将.的时候point out指出to the point切中要害，切题有道考神考研8bring/putinto practice实施，实行in practice在实践中，实际上out of practice久不练习，荒疏at present目前，现在for the present目前，暂时prey on捕食；杀害；折磨make progress进步，进展in proportion to成比例in public公开的，当众pull down拆毁，拉倒；降低pull off脱衣帽等pull out拔出，取出put away放好，收好，储存put down记下，放下；镇压，平定put forward提出put off推迟，推延put on穿上，戴上；增加（体重）put out熄灭，消灭put up 举起,升起；建造,搭起；张贴put up with容忍，忍受in question正在考虑at random随机的，任意的at any rate无论如何would ratherthan宁愿rather than而不是by reason of由于refer to参考，查阅；提到as regards关于，至于with regard to对于，就.而论in relation to关于as a result结果，因此in return作为回报，作为报答get rid of摆脱，除去ring off挂断电话give rise to引起，使发生，造成as a rule通常，照例run for竞选run into撞上，偶然碰见run out of用完，用尽，耗尽run over浏览，复习in the long run从长远来看for the sake of看在.的份上on sale出售all the same仍然，照样地the same as与.一致，与.相同on a large scale大规模的on a small scale小规模的ahead of schedule提前behind schedule晚点on schedule按预定时间in secret秘密的，私下的see through 看穿，识破in a sense从某种意义上说make sense有意义，言之有理in sequence依次，逐一a series of一系列，一连串serve as 作为，用作set about开始，着手set aside挑出，留出set back推迟，延缓；阻碍set down卸下，放下；记下set forth阐明，陈述set off出发，动身；引起，使发生set out 陈列,显示；动身,起程；制定有道考神考研9set up创立，建立，树立settle down定居，过安定的生活run short用完，耗尽for short简称，缩写in short简而言之，总之show off炫耀，卖弄show up使呈现；出席，到场sick of厌烦side by side肩并肩，一个挨一个at first sight乍一看，初看起来in sight被见到catch sight of发现，突然发现out of sight看不见，在视野之外ever since从那时起，自那时以来sit for参加sit in on列席；旁听ever so非常，极其or so大约，左右soas to结果是，如此.以至于so far迄今为止so that以便，为的是，结果是so that如此.以至于as soon as一.就no sooner than一.就sooner or latter迟早，早晚speed up加速in spite of不管，尽管on the spot当场，在现场at stake在危险中stand by站在一边，袖手旁观stand for代表，意味着stand out突出，显眼stand up站起来stand up for为.辩护，维护stand up to 勇敢面对,坚持抵抗,经得起in step同步，合拍step by step逐步step up提高；加快；加紧out of step步调不一致，不协调step in插入，介入stick out伸出，突然；坚持到底stick to坚持，忠于，信守in stock备有in succession连续地such as诸如，例如suchthat如此.以至all of a sudden突然in sum总而言之sum up总结，概括make sure查明，确信，确定take as把.作为take after与.相象take away消除，消耗take down记下，写下takefor把.认为是，把.看成是take in 接受,吸收；了解；理解；欺骗take off脱下；起飞take on呈现；承担；从事take over接管，接办take to喜欢，亲近talk into说服in tears流着泪，含泪lose ones temper发怒，发脾气in terms of依据，按照；用.措词有道考神考研10thanks to由于，幸亏for one thing首先，一则think of想起，想到think ofas把.看做是，以为.是think over仔细考虑as though好像thousands of许多，无数all the time一直，始终at a time每次，一次at no time从不，决不at one time曾经，从前曾at times有时for the time being目前，暂时from time to time有时，不时in no time立即，马上in time及时，适时on time准时once upon a time从前take ones time不急不忙，从容进行keep in touch保持联系out of touch失去联系touch on关系到，涉及keep track注意动向lose track失去联系in truth实际上，的确try out试验try on试穿by turns轮流in turn依次，轮流turn down关小，低调；拒绝turn in交出turn into 变成turn off关掉，断开turn on接通，打开turn out 结果是turn over翻过来；转移；转交turn to 求助于，借助于turn up 出现take turns轮流up to直到；胜任；适于make use of利用putinto use使用，利用use up用完as usual像往常一样.照例a variety of种种，各种on the verge of接近于，濒于by the way顺便提一下by way of经由，通过.方式give way让路，让步in a way从某点上看，在某种程度上in no way决不in ones way/in the way妨碍，阻碍make ones way前进，行进make way开路，让路what if如果.将会怎样whetheror 是.还是for a while暂时，一时once in a while偶尔，有时after a while过了一会，不久on the whole总的来说wipe out擦去，除去，消灭in a word总而言之in other words换句话说，也就是说keep ones word 守信用有道考神考研11at work在工作，忙于out of work失业work out算出；制定出work up引起；逐渐上升in the word到底，究竟at worst在最坏的情况下write off报废；勾销，注销go wrong发生故障，出毛病as yet到目前为止；到那时为止二二.完型逻辑关系完型逻辑关系完型填空两大种逻辑关系：完型填空两大种逻辑关系：前后相反：对立、转折、让步；前后相同：因果、并列、递进、总分、条件；【例题【例题】2006-07_7_the figure may vary,analysts do agree on another matter:that the number ofthe homeless is _8_.7.A Now thatBAlthoughC ProvidedD Except that2010-18output _16_ rose compared with the previous Saturday and _17_ to risefor the next couple of days._18_,a comparison with data for weeks when there wasno experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday18.A ThereforeB FurthermoreC HoweverD Meanwhile2004-34More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;_34_,children are likely to have less supervision at home有道考神考研1234.A contrarilyB consequentlyC similarlyD simultaneously2012-11They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to_12_those in power and have no need to _13_political support11.AsoBsinceCprovidedDthough2003-23Growing bodies need movement and _23_,but not just in ways thatemphasize competition.23.A careB nutritionC exerciseD leisure2014-07It _6_ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do,and theright mental _7_ can significantly improve our basic cognitive _8_.7.AroundaboutsBresponses Cworkouts Dassociations2001-31The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up peopleinvolved in prominent cases _31_the trial of Rosemary West.31.A as toB for instanceC in particularD such as2010-15It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to_14_ interpretation of what happed._15_,lighting was always changedon a Sunday.有道考神考研1315.A In contrast B For exampleC In consequenceDAs usual2006-01The homeless make up a growing percentage ofAmericas population._1_homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments cantpossibly _2_.1.A IndeedB LikewiseC ThereforeD Furthermore2016-19/20Divorced persons may remarry,but a gender prejudice 19 up.The divorced male doesnt havea waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.19.AclearsB warmsC showsD breaks20.AwhileB so whatConceD in that2018-19Among the children who had not been tricked,the majority were 18 to cooperate with thetester in learning a new skill,demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.19,only five ofthe 30 children paired with the“20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.19.A In contrastBAs a resultC On the wholeD For instance三三.词汇辨析词汇辨析这一部分列举出来了完形中常见的易混淆的一些词语1）Although 和和 but：有道考神考研14Although：表示让步，后面对前面不完全否定But：表示转折，后面对前面完全否定另外，although 是表达从属关系的连词，即前后部分存在主从关系（主从关系）；而 but起并列作用的连词（前后部分对等）。所以一个句子中 although 和 but 不同时出现。2）for 和和 becauseFor 是起并列作用的连词（前后部分对等），because 是表达从属关系的连词（主从关系）。两者的差异参见 although 和 but3）instead of 和和 rather than都是“而不是”的意思。Instead of 后面跟名词，rather than 后面可以跟句子，但是一般来说是省略句例：例：2001-42when he said the _41_ of privacy controls contained in European legislation wouldbe left to judges _42_ to Parliament.42.A better thanB other thanC rather thanD sooner than这里 42 填 rather than 是一个省略句（would be left to judges rather than to Parliament=would be left to judges rather than left to Parliament）4）while 和和 when都可以表示时间。While 表示的是时间段，when 表示的是时间点While 还可以表示对立关系（取“尽管”的含义）5）for example 和和 such asFor example 后面跟句子有道考神考研15Such as 后面跟名词或者名词短语6）furthermore，moreover 和和 indeed（完型（完型 2006-01）Furthermore：后面是一个新的信息，另外补充一个新的论据Moreover:补充信息来支持之前说的点Indeed：另外一个新的论点7）on，for 和和 to（完型（完型 2013-06；2014-17，2015-03）三者都有“对于”的含义。For 表示对象，更有目的性，针对性To 更多会表现出动作的方向性或者目标/目的地On 则是 关于，涉及到8）Ability，capability，capacity 和和 faculty（完形（完形 2002-14）Faculty 指与生俱来的能力，或者可以认为与中文“天赋”意思接近Capacity 还有容量的意思，所以通常指容纳东西，接纳事物的能力。Capability 更加偏重“潜力”“能力的上限”Ability 是各种能力的统称，尤其是智力或者体力上的能力9）lodging，shelter，dwelling 和和 house（完形（完形 2006-12）都可以指住的地方。Lodging 指的是租的，或者是暂住的住所。即花钱住一段时间。可以理解为“寄居处”，“临时住所”Shelter 为人提供生存基本需求的住所，可以理解为“庇护所”，“避难所”Dwelling 正式的房屋，公寓House 房子，尤其指不止一层的房子，并且只供一家人居住。类似于“别墅”的感觉。10）native，inhabitant，people 和和 individual（完形（完形 2007-01）有道考神考研16Native：出生在某地的人或者在当地住了相当长时间的人Inhabitant 居住在某地的人People 人的总称（加 S 表示民族）Individual 群体中相互独立的个体。11）abnormal 和和 uncommonAbnormal 指不正常的，但是并不罕见Uncommon 指不寻常，比较罕见12）abundant 和和 excessive（完形（完形 2010-09）Abundant 指的是多，丰富，不会短缺，偏正向Excessive 指超出了合理的份量，过度。偏负面。13）otherwise和和however（完形（完形 2014-11）“otherwise 除了否则，还有“另外”的意思,可以做形容词和副词。however 一般做转折连词，表示“然而”,做副词时表示“无论如何”。主要差别就是 otherwise 不可以做连词表转折的意思,however 不能做形容词表示另外的意思。14）few 和和 a few，little 和和 a little（完形（完形 2019-01）fewlittle 所强调的是“无”这个概念。分析态度时通常是悲观。a fewa little 所强调的是“有”这个概念。分析态度时通常是乐观。【翻译部分】有道考神考研17一 词法（一）翻译词组必备（一）翻译词组必备(a)passion for 对的热爱，热情be patient with 对耐心pay for 赔偿，付款，报偿，处罚payfor 付的钱(be)at peace with 与和睦相处in peace(=peacefully)安静，平安peculiar to 特有的，独具的penalty for 对的处罚，罚金perform on the piano(=play the piano)演奏钢琴persist in 坚持，固执in person 亲自，当面in place(in right or proper place)放在应放的地方in place of(=instead of)代替take(a)pleasure in 喜欢做某事be on the point of doing sth(=be about to do sth)刚要去做beside the point 不切正题，无关紧要come to the p