翻译逻辑04课堂笔记.pdf

视频定位2:2217:27NOTE：大板块小板块句子主干从句补充知识红色字体为关键词课后练习Notes：写作第7节课复习虚拟语气tell 翻译成解释，说明状语先行翻译Notes：privilege n.特权developed countries 发达国家developing countries 发展中国家underdeveloped countries 欠发达国家Notes：institute n.研究所institution n.机构direct adj.直接的 v.指导directive adj.指导性的conduct n.行为，举止(misconduct)；管理方法，经营方法例句17 p30For example,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,/and thus do not tell/how able an underprivileged youngster might have been/had he grown up under more favorable circumstances./（1995.75）【知识点】1.虚拟语气的倒装had he grown up=if he had grown upHad he arrived earlier,he would not have been late for todays meeting.=If he had arrived earlier,he would not have been late for todays pensate v.弥补，补偿3.gross adj.(1)总的(e.g.GDP)(2)明显的4.inequality n.不公平；不平等5.an underprivileged youngster 缺乏物质基础的年轻人6.favorable circumstances 有利的条件/好的条件【翻译方法】转性译法able形容词译为动词：有多大的能力【翻译过程】For example,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been因此他们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人会有多大的才干if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances.如果在较好的环境下成长的话 参考答案：例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公，因此他们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大的才干。例句18 p30Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted,and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.(2009.47)【知识点】only开头，情态动词、助动词、be动词提前 Only in this way can we soIve the probIem.=We can soIve the probIem only in this way.Only in this way do we soIve the probIem.=We soIve the probIem only in this way.Only in this way are we abIe to soIve the probIem.=We are able to solve the problem only in this way.【翻译方法】1.恢复语序The by-product of the institution was noted only gradually,and this effect was stillconsidered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution only more gradually.视频定位17:3038:41翻译逻辑04课堂笔记翻译逻辑03课堂笔记 的第 1 页有道考神考研Notes：pose v.摆姿势，放置；n.姿势 dispose v.处置Man proposes;God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天。disposal n.处理，处置1.恢复语序The by-product of the institution was noted only gradually,and this effect was stillconsidered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution only more gradually.2.被动语态的翻译加上“人们”作为主语3.副词修饰动词或者整个句子95%的副词跟着动词翻译，但遇到不够通顺的句子，可以尝试将副词提出来翻译。例：Tangchi runs very fast.（fast修饰run）He understandably declined her offer.他拒绝了她的邀请，这是情有可原的。（副词修饰整个句子）【翻译过程】Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted,(the by-product of the institution was noted only gradually,)机构的副产品只有逐渐才能被注意到(受到关注)and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution(and this effect was still considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution only more gradually.)而这种影响仍被视为机构在管理过程中的指导性因素，该过程则更加缓慢。参考答案：机构附带产生的影响只有逐渐才能被注意到，而这种影响仍被视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更加缓慢。例句21 p32If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered,it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities.(1986.21)【翻译方法】1.形式主语的翻译It is to do sth.=To do sth.is顺序法：it is not hard to see 不难看出还原法：how difficuIt it is for a student to seIect the course most suited to his interests and abiIities 对一个学生来说，要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难2.被动语态的翻译有被则被，无被找主，无被替换（把/得以/受/所）例：courses offered 学校所提供的课程参考答案：如果想一想那些为学生设置(所提供)的门类繁多的课程，我们就不难发现，对一个学生来说，要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。例句19 p31While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition,it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.(2009.48)【知识点】1.upon=on视频定位38:4249:04视频定位50:001:07:30翻译逻辑03课堂笔记 的第 2 页有道考神考研dispose v.处置Man proposes;God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天。disposal n.处理，处置disposable adj.可处置的；一次性的disposable chopsticks 一次性筷子disposition n.弃置，处理；性格，性情=temperament；意向，倾向=inclinationNotes：create译为“产生/引发”，与feelings搭配before经常出现在完成时中Notes：1.induction n.归纳（法）induce 引诱，诱导disposition,it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.(2009.48)【知识点】1.upon=on2.disposition n.弃置，处理；性格，性情；意向，倾向3.so as 一般用于否定句中；as as 一般用于肯定句中参考答案：虽然在我们与年轻人接触时，很容易忽略我们的行为对他们的性格产生的影响，但这并不像与成年人打交道那么简单。例句20 p31Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyedand perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.(2005.46)【知识点】1.means 方式（单复数同形）2.so as比较：电视机(it)serves(to connect.)对象：before/in the recent events in Europe结果：never so much as 3.never放句首倒装否定词提前需要部分倒装，before为副词，位置较随意，一般放在否定词后原语序：perhaps never before has it served so much to 调整后：perhaps it has never served so much before to例：I have never been abroad before.=Never before have I been abroad.【翻译方法】介词提前的定语从句，先把后面句子翻完，再和介词整合【翻译过程】Television is one of the means电视是一种手段by which these feelings are created and conveyed 这些感觉的引发和传递是通过这种手段and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.(and perhaps it has never served so much before to)在最近欧洲发生的事件，他在联系不同民族和国家中从来没起到这么大的作用参考答案：电视是一种引发和传递这些感觉的手段；在最近欧洲发生的事件，它在联系不同民族和国家中从来没起到这么大的作用。例句22 p32You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction anddeduction,that by the help of these operations,they,in a sort of sense,manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws,and that out of these,by some special skill of their own,they build up their theories.（1993.73）【知识点】see/hear1.see/hear sb.do 表示看到/听到全过程50:001:07:30视频定位1:07:311:32:12视频定位1:32:121:59:13形式宾语翻译逻辑03课堂笔记 的第 3 页有道考神考研Notes：1.induction n.归纳（法）induce 引诱，诱导2.deduction n.演绎(法）deduce 推导，演绎3.extract v.提取Notes：manage to 成功做某事try to 尝试做某事Notes：out of1.缺乏 We are running out oftime.2.离开 Get out of here.（引申为：摆脱 get out of the sun）3.出于 He hit the man out ofanger.4.在中 two out of three延申凭借，利用【知识点】see/hear1.see/hear sb.do 表示看到/听到全过程I saw him play basketball yesterday afternoon.2.see/hear sb.doing 表示看到/听到一个瞬间I heard her playing the piano yesterday afternoon when I passed the classroom.3.see/hear sb.done 表示看到被 He saw Allen chased by a dog.【翻译方法】介词提前的定语从句，先把后面句子翻完，再和介词整合【翻译过程】You have all heard it repeated你们都多次听说过：that men of science work by means of induction and deduction,科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，that by the heIp of these operations,they,in a sort of sense,manage to extract fromNature certain natural laws,(=extract certain natural laws from Nature)他们用这些方法，在某种意义上说，力求从自然界找出某些自然规律 and that out of these,by some special skill of their own,they build up their theories.然后他们根据这些规律，用自己的某种非同一般的本领，建立起他们的理论。参考答案：你们都多次听说过：科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，他们用这些方法，在某种意义上说，力求从自然界找出某些自然规律，然后他们根据这些规律，用自己的某种非同一般的本领，建立起他们的理论。课后练习1.复习课上1722句2.预习2330句课后总结一、真题翻译讲解第一步：拆分第二步：对照翻译第三步：组合起来二、翻译方法1.调整语序2.副词的翻译3.形式主语的翻译翻译逻辑03课堂笔记 的第 4 页有道考神考研