2011年逐词逐句精讲册(1).pdf

2011年逐词逐句精讲册Section I Use of English笑有助于改善情绪电原文朗读词汇讲解第一段DAncient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter asa bodily exercise precious to health.【词汇注释】Greekgri:ka.希腊的laughterla:fta(r)n.笑；笑声philosopherfal1psfa(r)n.哲学家bodilyopdilia.身体的view.as.把视作.preciouspreasa.珍贵的：宝贵的【结构切分】Ancient Greek philosopherAristotleviewedlaughter as“a bodily.to health.”主语同位语谓语宾语宾语laughter的补足语【全句译文】古希腊哲学家亚里士多德将笑视为“对健康有价值的身体运动”。2But despite some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness.【词汇注释】claimkleimn.声称：断言have little influence on.对.影响甚微to the contrary相反的fitnessfitnasn.健康【结构切分】Butdespite.laughing probablyhaslittle influenceon physical fitness.连词让步状语主语状语谓语宾语状语【全句译文】但是，笑很可能对身体健康影响甚微，尽管有些观点与之相反。3Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption.【词汇注释】produceprodjus.引起；产生heart rate心率short-termJp:tt3:ma.短期的oxygenDksId3nn.氧气：氧blood vessel血管consumptionknsAmpfnn.(能量、食物或材料boostbu:sty.提高：增强的)消耗，消耗量【结构切分】Laughter does produce short-term changes in the functionof.vessels,boosting.主语谓语宾语方面状语function的后置定语伴随状语【全句译文】笑确实会引起心脏及心血管功能的短期变化，提高心率和耗氧量。4But because hard laughter is difficult to sustain,a good laugh is unlikely to have measurablebenefits the way,say,walking or jogging does.【词汇注释】sustains3steinv.维持：维系measurableme3 arabla.显著的be unlikely to do sth不可能做某事joggingd3Dgwn.慢跑锻炼【结构切分】Butbecausehard laughterisdifficult to sustainwalking or jogging does.连词引导词主语系动词表语主语谓语原因状语从句he wayf的定语从句a good laughis unlikely to have measurable benefits the way,say,主句：主语系动词表语方式状语插入语【全句译文】但因为大笑很难维持，所以它不大可能像散步或慢跑那样有显著的成效。P第二段DIn fact,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparentlyaccomplishes the opposite.【词汇注释】strainstreinv.拉扯；拉伸accomplishkAmplv.实现；完成buildbrldv.塑造；塑型oppositeDp3zItn.反面：相反apparentlypaerantliad.显然【结构切分】非限制性定语从句主句：In fact,.instead of.,.laughterapparentlyaccomplishes the opposite.as exercise does,状语1状语2主语状语3谓语宾语引导词主语谓语【全句译文】实际上，笑不是像运动那样通过使肌肉紧张来塑造肌肉，而是显然起到了相反的作用。2Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter relaxes muscles,decreasing muscle tonefor up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.【词汇注释】date back to追溯至tonetunn.(肌肉)结实度，健壮度indicateIndikeitv.表明upto直到；达到；至多relaxrIlaeksv.使放松die down逐渐变弱：逐渐平息【结构切分】主句：Studies dating back to the 1930s indicateindicate的thatlaughter relaxesmuscles,decreasing.for.minutes主语Studies的后置定语谓语宾语从句引导词主语谓语宾语结果状语时间状语从句after the laugh dies down引导词主语谓语2【词汇注释】itis/was argued that.据认为f1owflauv.流：流动at the end of.在的末尾，结尾【结构切分】because theyaresadwhen the tears begin to flow引导词主语系动词表语引导词主语谓语部分原因状语从句时间状语从句Itwas arguedat the.centurythat humans do not crybutthey becomesad主句：形式主语被动态谓语时间状语引导词主语谓语连词主语系动词表语主语从句分句1主语从句分句2【全句译文】19世纪末有人认为，人们并不是因为悲伤而哭泣，而是当眼泪开始流下来的时候才变得悲伤。第四段DAlthough sadness also precedes tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow from muscular responses【词汇注释】precedeprrsidv.在之前发生（或出现）muscularmAskjal3(r)a.肌肉的flow from.来自；由引起responsertsponsn.反应【结构切分】Although sadnessalsoprecedestears,引导词主语状语谓语宾语让步状语从句evidencesuggestssugggests的thatemotions can flowfrom muscular responses主句：主语谓语宾语从句引导词主语谓语状语【全句译文】尽管悲伤也会先于眼泪产生，但是有证据表明情绪能由肌肉反应引起。2In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University ofWiirzburg in Germany asked volunteers to hold a pen either with their teeth-thereby creatingan artificial smile-or with their lips,which would produce a disappointed expression.【词汇注释】experimentIksperimantn.实验artificial,atrfij1a.人为的：假装的volunteervplantua(r)n.志愿者iplpn.嘴唇hold A with B用B支撑/维持住Aexpressionksprefnn.表情：神色【结构切分】In an.in 1988,social psychologistFritz Strackof.in Germanyaskedvolunteers主句：状语主语同位语Fritz Strack的后置定语谓语宾语to hold a peneither with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile-or with their lips.宾语补足语方式状语1插人语方式状语2个非限制性定语从句which would produce a disappointed expression.引导词谓语宾语4【全句译文】在一项发表于1988年的实验中，德国维尔茨堡大学的社会心理学家弗里茨斯特拉克要求志愿者要么用牙齿咬住钢笔，从而产生一个假笑；要么用嘴唇衔住钢笔，由此产生一个失望的表情。3Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoonsthan did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,suggesting that expressions mayinfluence emotions rather than just the other way around.【词汇注释】enthusiasticallyn0ju:ziestrkliad.热烈地；热contractkantraktv.(使)收缩，缩小情地frownfraunn.皱眉；蹙额cartoonkartunn.卡通；动画片the other way around相反；反过来【结构切分】thandidthosethosel的whose mouthswere contracted in a frown,引导词谓语主语定语从句主语（含引导词）被动态谓语状语主句：比较状语从句Those forced to.muscles reacted more.to funny cartoons.suggesting主语Thosel的后置定语谓语状语状语（表对象）结果状语suggestingh的宾语从句that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.引导词主语谓语宾语方式状语【全句译文】结果那些被迫锻炼笑肌的人比那些愁眉苦脸的人对滑稽的卡通反应更为热烈，这表明表情也可以影响情绪而非只能是情绪影响表情。4Similarly,the physical act of laughter could improve mood.【词汇注释】similarlysImalaliad.同样地moodmu:dn.情绪【结构切分】Similarly,the physical act of laughtercould improvemood.状语主语谓语宾语【全句译文】同样，笑这一身体行为能够改善情绪。SectionReading ComprehensionPart AText1古典音乐面临挑战6温第一段原文朗读词汇讲解1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has beenthe talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.5【词汇注释)】hirehara(r).聘用announcementnaunsmontn.公告；布告directordarekta(r)n.总监appointment3pointm3ntn.(委f任的)职务，taktokn.话题职位【结构切分】of the New York Philharmonicto hire Alan Gilbert as its next music directorThe decision的后置定语IThe decision的后置定语2主干：The decision has been the talk of the classical-music world时间状语ever since the sudden announcement主语系动词表语the talk的后置定语of his appointment in 2009.【全句译文】纽约爱乐乐团决定将于2009年聘请艾伦吉尔伯特作为其下任音乐总监，这一职务的任命自被突然宣布以来，就一直是古典音乐界谈论的话题2For the most part,the response has been favorable,to say the least.【词汇注释】responsersponsn.反应；响应favorable圈fev3rbla.赞同的：支持的【结构切分】For the most part,the responsehas been favorable.to say the least状语主语系动词表语插人语【全句译文】绝大部分反响至少可以说是赞同的“Hooray！At last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini,a sober-sided classical-music critic,【词汇注释】hoorayhureim.(表示快乐或赞同)好极了，好哇sober-.sidedsauba1 saidida.严肃的；持重的at last终于；最终critiekritkn.评论家【结构切分】“Hooray！At last！wroteAnthony Tommasini,a sober-sided classical-music critic直接引语谓语主语Anthony Tommasini的同位语【全句译文】“好哇，终于这么做了！”持重的古典音乐评论家安东尼托马西尼写道。第二段DOne of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise,however,is that Gilbert iscomparatively little known.【词汇注释】comekAmu.发生comparativelykamparativliad.比较上；相对也surprisesprazn.意想不到（或突然）的事knownnaUna.知名的【结构切分】主句：One of the reasons however,is表语从句that Gilbert iscomparatively little known.主语状语系动词引导词主语系动词表语reasons的定语从句why the appointment came as such a surprise,引导词主语谓语状语6