2022考研英语手译本--英语一10-20.pdf

目录2010年（Text 1）.12010年（Text 2）.52010年（Text 3）.102010年（Text 4）.142011年（Text 1）.202011年（Text 2）.242011年（Text 3）.302011年（Text 4）.342012年（Text 1）.392012年（Text 2）.442012年（Text 3）.492012年（Text 4）.542013年（Text 1）.602013年（Text 2）.642013年（Text 3）.702013年（Text 4）.742014年（Text 1）.792014年（Text 2）.832014年（Text 3）.882014年（Text 4）.932015年（Text 1）.992015年（Text 2）.1032015年（Text 3）.1082015年（Text 4）.1132016年（Text 1）.1192016年（Text 2）.1232016年（Text 3）.1292016年（Text 4）.1332017年（Text 1）.1392017年（Text 2）.1432017年（Text 3）.1482017年（Text 4）.1532018年（Text 1）.1582018年（Text 2）.1632018年（Text 3）.1682018年（Text 4）.1732019年（Text 1）.1782019年（Text 2）.1822019年（Text 3）.1862019年（Text 4）.1912020年（Text 1）.1962020年（Text 2）.2002020年（Text 3）.2052020年（Text 4）.2102010 年英译汉试题（英语一）.2162011 年英译汉试题（英语一）.2192012 年英译汉试题（英语一）.2222013 年英译汉试题（英语一）.2252014 年英译汉试题（英语一）.2282015 年英译汉试题（英语一）.2312016 年英译汉试题（英语一）.2342017 年英译汉试题（英语一）.2372018 年英译汉试题（英语一）.2402019 年英译汉试题（英语一）.2432020 年英译汉试题（英语一）.2462010年年（Text 1）I-Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century,perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their artscoverage.II-It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a timewhen high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.II-Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20thcenturyconsisted in large part of newspaper reviews.II-To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitablefor publication in general-circulation dailies.III-We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between theturn of the 20thcentury and the eve of World War II,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish artscriticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.本本文文主主旨旨大大意意：单单词词数数量量（约约）：442文文章章用用时时：正正确确率率：III-In those far-off days,it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and atlength about the events they covered.III-Theirs was a serious business,and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly,like GeorgeBernard Shaw and Ernest Newman,could be trusted to know what they were about.III-These men believed in journalism as a calling,and were proud to be published in the daily press.III-“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,”Newman wrote,“that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are notread to writers who are.”IV-Unfortunately,these critics are virtually forgotten.IV-Neville Cardus,who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975,is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket.IV-During his lifetime,though,he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics,and a stylistso widely admired that his Autobiography(1947)became a best-seller.IV-He was knighted in 1967,the first music critic to be so honored.IV-Yet only one of his books is now in print,and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save tospecialists.V-Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival?V-The prospect seems remote.V-Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death,and postmodern readers have little use for the richlyupholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.V-Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21.It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 thatA.arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapersB.English-language newspapers used to carry more artsreviewsC.high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readersD.young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies题目分析题型定位：主旨题（）细节题（）例证题（）态度题（）推理题（）句子/词汇理解题（）此题定位于第段第句，此题同义替换为：思路分析：选项分析ABCD总结22.Newspaper reviews in England before World War II werecharacterized byA.free themesB.casual styleC.elaborate layoutD.radical viewpoints题目分析题型定位：主旨题（）细节题（）例证题（）态度题（）推理题（）句子/词汇理解题（）此题定位于第段第句，此题同义替换为：思路分析：选项分析ABCD总结23.Which of the following would Shaw and Newman mostprobably agree on?A.It is writers duty to fulfill journalistic goals.B.It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C.Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D.Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.题目分析题型定位：主旨题（）细节题（）例证题（）态度题（）推理题（）句子/词汇理解题（）此题定位于第段第句，此题同义替换为：思路分析：选项分析ABCD总结24.What can be learned about Cardus according to the last twoparagraphs?A.His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.B.His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.C.His style caters largely to modern specialists.D.His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.题目分析题型定位：主旨题（）细节题（）例证题（）态度题（）推理题（）句子/词汇理解题（）此题定位于第段第句，此题同义替换为：思路分析：选项分析ABCD总结25.What would be the best title for the text?A.Newspapers of the Good Old DaysB.The Lost Horizon in NewspapersC.Mournful Decline of JournalismD.Prominent Critics in Memory题目分析题型定位：主旨题（）细节题（）例证题（）态度题（）推理题（）句子/词汇理解题（）此题定位于第段第句，此题同义替换为：思路分析：选项分析ABCD总结2010年年（Text 2）I-Over the past decade,thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods.I-A received one for its“one-click”online payment system.I-Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.I-One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.II-Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents,which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.本本文文主主旨旨大大意意：单单词词数数量量（约约）：447文文章章用用时时：正正确确率率：II-In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz,the U.S.Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuitsaid it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.II-In re Bilski,as the case is known,is“a very big deal,”says Dennis D.Crouch of the University ofMissouri School of Law.II-It“has the potential to eliminate an entire class ofpatents.”III-Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face,because it was the Federal Circuititself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case,approving apatent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.III-That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings,initially by emerging Internetcompanies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions.III-Later,more established companies raced to add such patents to their files,if only as a defensive moveagainst rivals that might beat them to the punch.III-In 2005,IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents,despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them.III-Similarly,some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products,evenas they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.IV-The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market.IV-The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courtsjudges,rather than a typical panel of three,and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should“reconsider”its State Street Bank ruling.V-The Federal Circuits action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court thathas narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.V-Last April,for example,the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for“inventions”that are obvious.V-The judges on the Federal Circuit are“reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court,”saysHarold C.Wegner,a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26.Business-method patents have recently aroused concernbecause ofA.their limited value to businesses.B.their connection with asset allocation.C.the possible restriction on their granting.D.the controversy over their authorization.题目分析题型定位：主旨题（）细节题（）例证题（）态度题（）推理题（）句子/词汇理解题（）此题定位于第段第句，此题同义替换为：思路分析：选项分析ABCD总结27.Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?A Its ruling complies with the court decisions.B It involves a very big business transaction.C It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit.D It may change the legal practices in the U.S.题目分析题型定位：主旨题（）细节题（）例证题（）态度题（）推理题（）句子/词汇理解题（）此题定位于第段第句，此题同义替换为：思路分析：选项分析ABCD总结28.The word“about-face”(Line 1,Para.3)most probably meansA.loss of goodwill.B.increase of hostility.C.change of attitude.D.enhancement of dignity.题目分析题型定位：主旨题（）细节题（）例证题（）态度题（）推理题（）句子/词汇理解题（）此题定位于第段第句，此题同义替换为：思路分析：选项分析ABCD总结29.We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-methodpatentsA.are immune to legal challenges.B.are often unnecessarily issued.C.lower the esteem for patent holders.D.increase the incidence of risks.题目分析题型定位：主旨题（）细节题（）例证题（）态度题（）推理题（）句子/词汇理解题（）此题定位于第段第句，此题同义替换为：思路分析：选项分析ABCD总结30.Which of the following would be the subject of the text?A.A looming threat to business-method patents.B.Protection for business-method patent holders.C.A legal case regarding business-method patents.D.A prevailing trend against business-method patents.题目分析题型定位：主旨题（）细节题（）例证题（）态度题（）推理题（）句子/词汇理解题（）此题定位于第段第句，此题同义替换为：思路分析：选项分析ABCD总结2010年年（Text 3）I-In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that“social epidemics”are driven in large partby the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well connected.I-The idea is intuitively compelling,but itdoesnt explain how ideas actually spread.II-The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theorycalled the“two-step flow of communication”:Information flows from the media to the influentials and fromthem to everyone else.II-Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence theinfluentials,those select people will do most of the work for them.II-The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,orneighborhoods.本本文文主主旨旨大大意意：单单词词数数量量（约约）：466文文章章用用时时：正正确确率率：II-In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.II-Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.III-In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have farless impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.III-In fact,they dont seem to be required at all.IV-The researchers argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the exception ofa few celebrities like Oprah Winfreywhose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,notinterpersonal,influenceeven the most influential members of a population simply dont interact with thatmany others.IV-Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,aresupposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.IV-For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected must then influence his or her ownacquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each ofthese people has little to do with the initial influential.IV-If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change wont propagate very far or affect many people.V-Building on this basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of socialinfluence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations,manipulating a number ofvariables relating to peoples ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.V-They found that the principal requirement for what is called“global cascades”the widespreadpropagation of influence through networksis the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a criticalmass of easily influenced people.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends toA.analyze the consequences of social epidemics.B.discuss influentials function in spreading ideas.C.exemplify peoples intuitive response to social epidemics.D.describe the essential characteristics of influentials.题目分析题型定位：主旨题（）细节题（）例证题（）态度题（）推理题（）句子/词汇理解题（）此题定位于第段第句，此题同义替换为：思路分析：选项分析ABCD总结32.The author suggests that the“two-step-flow theory”A.serves as a solution to marketing problems.B.has helped explain certain prevalent trends.C.has won support from influentials.D.requires solid evidence for its validity题目分析题型定位：主旨题（）细节题（）例证题（）态度题（）推理题（）句子/词汇理解题（）此题定位于第段第句，此题同义替换为：思路分析：选项分析ABCD总结33.What the researchers have observed recently shows thatA.the power of influence goes with social interactions.B.interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media.C.influentials have more channels to reach the public.D.most celebrities enjoy wide media attention.题目分析题型定位：主旨题（）细节题（）例证题（）态度题（）推理题（）句子/词汇理解题（）此题定位于第段第句，此题同义替换为：思路分析：选项分析ABCD总结34.The underlined phrase“these people”in Paragraph 4 refers tothe ones whoA.stay outside the network of social influence.B.have little contact with the source of influence.C.are influenced and then influence others.D.are influenced by the initial influential.题目分析题型定位：主旨题（）细节题（）例证题（）态度题（）推理题（）句子/词汇理解题（）此题定位于第段第句，此题同义替换为：思路分析：选项分析ABCD总结35.What is the essential element in the dynamics of socialinfluence?A.The eagerness to be accepted.B.The impulse to influence others.C.The readiness to be influenced.D.The inclination to rely on others.题目分析题型定位：主旨题（）细节题（）例证题（）态度题（）推理题（）句子/词汇理解题（）此题定位于第段第句，此题同义替换为：思路分析：选项分析ABCD总结2010年年（Text 4）I-Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public.I-Behind the scenes,they have been taking aim at someone else:the accounting standard-setters.本本文文主主旨旨大大意意：单单词词数数量量（约约）：447文文章章用用时时：正正确确率率：I-Their rules,moan the banks,have forced them to report enormous losses,and its just not fair.I-These rules saythey must value some assets at the price a third party would pay,not the price managersand regulators would like them to fetch.II-Unfortunately,banks lobbying now seems to be working.II-The details may be unknowable,but the independence of standard-setters,essential to the properfunctioning of capital markets,is being compromised.II-And,unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers,reviving the banking system will bedifficult.III-After a bruising encounter with Congress,Americas Financial Accounting Standards Board(FASB)rushed through rule changes.III-These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizinglosses on long-term assets in their income statements.III-Bob Herz,the FASBschairman,cried out against those who“question our motives.”III-Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobbying group politely calls“theuse ofjudgment by management.”IV-Euro