2022考研英语二基础阶段测评卷[途鸟吧论坛 www.tnbzs.com](1).pdf

2022 考研英语（二）基础阶段测评卷_官 网：电 话：400-011-8090地 址：北京市海淀区中关村南大街 17 号院韦伯时代中心 C 座北配楼12022 考研英语考研英语（二）（二）基础基础阶段阶段测评卷测评卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmarkA,B,C or D.Given the advantages of electronic money,you might think that we would movequickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1,atrue cashless society is probably not around the corner.Indeed,predictions havebeen 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition.For example,BusinessWeek predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon revolutionizethe very 3 of money itself,only to 4 itself several years later.Why has the movementto a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a paymentssystem based on paper,several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system.First,it is very 7 to set up the computer,card reader,and telecommunicationsnetworks necessary to make electronic money the8form of payment.Second,paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts,something that many consumersare unwilling to 10.Third,the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of float-it takesseveral days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuers account,whichmeans that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in themeantime.13 electronic payments are immediate,they eliminate the float for theconsumer.Fourth,electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns.We2022 考研英语（二）基础阶段测评卷_官 网：电 话：400-011-8090地 址：北京市海淀区中关村南大街 17 号院韦伯时代中心 C 座北配楼2often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access acomputer database and to alter information 15 there.The fact that this is not an 16occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts inelectronic payments systems and 17 from someone elses accounts.The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task,and a new field of computer scienceis developing to 19 security issues.A further concern is that the use of electronicmeans of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personaldata.There are concerns that government,employers,and marketers might be able toaccess these data,thereby violating our privacy.1.A HoweverB MoreoverC ThereforeD Otherwise2.A offB backC overD around3.A powerB conceptC historyD role4.A rewardB resistC resumeD reverse5.A silentB suddenC slowD steady6.AforBagainstCwithD on7.A imaginativeB expensiveC sensitiveD productive8.A similarB originalC temporaryD dominant9.A collectB provideC copyD print10.A give upB take overC bring backD pass down11.A beforeB afterC sinceD when12.A keptB borrowedC releasedD withdrawn13.A UnlessB UntilC BecauseD Though14.A hideB expressC raiseDease15.A analyzedB sharedC storedD displayed16.A unsafeB unnaturalC uncommonD unclear17.A stealB chooseC benefitD return18.A consideration B preventionC manipulationD justification19.A cope withB fight against C adapt toD call for2022 考研英语（二）基础阶段测评卷_官 网：电 话：400-011-8090地 址：北京市海淀区中关村南大街 17 号院韦伯时代中心 C 座北配楼320.A chunkB chipC pathD trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPartADirectionsRead the following two texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Text 1Whatever happened to the death of newspaper?A year ago the end seemed near.The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not alreadyfled to the Internet.Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chroniclingtheir own doom.Americas Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talksabout how to save newspapers.Should they become charitable corporations?Shouldthe state subsidize them?It will hold another meeting soon.But the discussions nowseem out of date.In much of the world there is little sign of crisis.German and Brazilian papershave shrugged off the recession.Even American newspapers,which inhabit the mosttroubled corner of the global industry,have not only survived but often returned toprofit.Not the 20%profit margins that were routine a few years ago,but profit all thesame.It has not been much fun.Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalistsoverboard.The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroomjobs have gone since 2007.Readers are paying more for slimmer products.Somepapers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs.Yet these desperatemeasures have proved the right ones and,sadly for many journalists,they can bepushed further.2022 考研英语（二）基础阶段测评卷_官 网：电 话：400-011-8090地 址：北京市海淀区中关村南大街 17 号院韦伯时代中心 C 座北配楼4Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses,with a healthier mix ofrevenues from readers and advertisers.American papers have long been highlyunusual in their reliance on ads.Fully 87%of their revenues came from advertising in2008,according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation&Development(OECD).In Japan the proportion is 35%.Not surprisingly,Japanese newspapers aremuch more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody,but much ofthe damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive.Carand film reviewers have gone.So have science and general business reporters.Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off.Newspapers are less complete as a result.But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.21.By saying“Newspapers liketheir own doom”(Lines 3-4,Para.1),theauthor indicates that newspapers _.A neglected the sign of crisisB failed to get state subsidiesC were not charitable corporationsD were in a desperate situation22.Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because_.A readers threatened to pay lessB newspapers wanted to reduce costsC journalists reported little about these areasD subscribers complained about slimmer products23.Compared with their American counterparts,Japanese newspapers are muchmore stable because they _.A have more sources of revenueB have more balanced newsroomsC are less dependent on advertisingD are less affected by readership2022 考研英语（二）基础阶段测评卷_官 网：电 话：400-011-8090地 址：北京市海淀区中关村南大街 17 号院韦伯时代中心 C 座北配楼524.What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaperbusiness?A Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.B Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.C Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.D Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.25.The most appropriate title for this text would be _.AAmerican Newspapers:Struggling for SurvivalBAmerican Newspapers:Gone with the WindCAmerican Newspapers:AThriving BusinessDAmerican Newspapers:AHopeless StoryText2Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucialdemocratic values,including the principles that all citizens who meet minimalqualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries;that jurorsshould be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community;that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race,religion,sex,or national origin;that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;andthat verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letterof the law.The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather thanrepresentative democracy.In a direct democracy,citizens take turns governingthemselves,rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1968,jury selection procedures conflicted with thesedemocratic ideals.In some states,for example,jury duty was limited to persons ofsupposedly superior intelligence,education,and moral character.Although theSupreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination injury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v.West Virginia,the practice ofselecting so called elite or blue ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this2022 考研英语（二）基础阶段测评卷_官 网：电 话：400-011-8090地 址：北京市海淀区中关村南大街 17 号院韦伯时代中心 C 座北配楼6and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20thcentury.Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not untilthe 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty.Even thenseveral states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personallyasked to have their names included on the jury list.This practice was justified by theclaim that women were needed at home,and it kept juries unrepresentative of womenthrough the 1960s.In 1968,the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and ServiceAct,ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolishedspecial educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected atrandom from a cross section of the entire community.In the landmark 1975 decisionTaylor v.Louisiana,the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries berepresentative of all parts of the community to the state level.The Taylor decisionalso declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and orderedstates to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.26.From the principles of the US jury system,we learn that_.A both literate and illiterate people can serve on juriesB defendants are immune from trial by their peersC no age limit should be imposed for jury serviceD judgment should consider the opinion of the public27.The practice of selecting so called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_.A the inadequacy of antidiscrimination lawsB the prevalent discrimination against certain racesC the conflicting ideals in injury selection proceduresD the arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges28.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some statesbecause_.2022 考研英语（二）基础阶段测评卷_官 网：电 话：400-011-8090地 址：北京市海淀区中关村南大街 17 号院韦伯时代中心 C 座北配楼7A they were automatically banned by state lawsB they fell far short of the required qualificationsC they were supposed to perform domestic dutiesD they tended to evade public engagement29.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed,_.A sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to beabolishedB educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurorsC jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire communityD states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system30.In discussing the U.S.jury system,the text centers on_.A its nature and problemsB its characteristics and traditionC its problems and their solutionsD its tradition and developmentPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitablesubheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(31-35).There are twoextra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWERSHEET.(10 points)A You are not aloneB Dont fear responsibility for your lifeC Pave your own unique pathD Most of your fears are unrealE Think about the present momentF Experience helps you grow2022 考研英语（二）基础阶段测评卷_官 网：电 话：400-011-8090地 址：北京市海淀区中关村南大街 17 号院韦伯时代中心 C 座北配楼8G There are many things to be grateful forUnfortunately,life is not a bed of roses.We are going through life facing sadexperiences.Moreover,we are grieving various kinds of loss:a friendship,a romanticrelationship or a house.Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like themost inopportune time,but you should remember that they wont last forever.When our time of mourning is over,we press forward,stronger with a greaterunderstanding and respect for life.Furthermore,these losses make us mature andeventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness.I want toshare these ten old truths Ive learned along the way.31._Fear is both useful and harmful.This normal human reaction is used to protectus by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it.Unfortunately,people createinner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears.My favorite actor Will Smith oncesaid,“Fear is not real.It is a product of thoughts you create.Do not misunderstand me.Danger is very real.But fear is a choice.”I do completely agree that fears are just theproduct of our luxuriant imagination.32._If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past,try tofocus on the present moment.Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxiousabout the future.You may feel guilt over your past,but you are poisoning the presentwith the things and circumstances you cannot change.Value the present moment andremember how fortunate you are to be alive.Enjoy the beauty of the world aroundand keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you.Happiness is not a point offuture and not a moment from the past,but a mindset that can be designed into thepresent.33._Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times.You2022 考研英语（二）基础阶段测评卷_官 网：电 话：400-011-8090地 址：北京市海淀区中关村南大街 17 号院韦伯时代中心 C 座北配楼9can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate thethings you have.Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead ofcrying and complaining about something.34._No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is,youshould always remember that you are not alone.Try to keep in mind that almosteveryone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change inyour life,especially your dearest and nearest people.You may have a circle of friendswho provide constant good humor,help and companionship.If you have no friends orrelatives,try to participate in several online communities,full of people who arealways willing to share advice and encouragement.35._Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balanceby gaining objectivity from external sources.This way you devalue your opinion andshow that you are incapable of managing your own life.When you are struggling toachieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that yourdecision is the best.You live in your skin,think your own thoughts,have your ownvalues and make your own choices.