2022考研英语二冲刺阅读讲义（王巧红）[途鸟吧论坛 www.tnbzs.com](1).pdf

2022 考研英语二冲刺课程阅读（王巧红）1Text 1Its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning computerscience in college.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductorycourses,said Tom Cortina,the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellons School ofComputer Science.However,Cortina said,early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learncomputer science,they learn that its not just a confusing,endless string of letters andnumbers but a tool to build apps,or create artwork,or test hypotheses.Its not ashard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breakingdown problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested inthe field and help fill the jobs gap,Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get tocollege,where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim,whichcan drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School,where people pay to learn programming,started as one ofthe many coding bootcamps thats become popular for adults looking for a careerchange.The high-schoolers get the same curriculum,but“we try to gear lessonstoward things theyre interested in,”said Victoria Friedman,an instructor.For instance,one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school andbuild the next Facebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover,so the“Rubyon Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter thejob market.But the skills they learn how to think logically through a problem and2022 考研英语二冲刺课程阅读（王巧红）2organize the results apply to any coding language,said Deborah Seehorn,aneducation consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a futurearmy of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to besurrounded by computers in their pockets,in their offices,in their homes for therest of their lives.The younger they learn how computers think,how to coax themachine into producing what they want the earlier they learn that they have thepower to do that the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _.A complete future job trainingB remodel the way of thinkingC formulate logical hypothesesD perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers,Flatiron has considered their _.A experienceB academic backgroundsC career prospectsD interest23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will _.A help students learn other computer languagesB have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC need improving when students look for jobsD enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph,Flatiron students are expected to _.A compete with a future army of programmersB stay longer in the information technology industryC become better prepared for the digitalized worldD bring forth innovative computer technologies2022 考研英语二冲刺课程阅读（王巧红）325.The word“coax”(Line 4,Para.6)is closest in meaning to _.A challengeB persuadeC frightenD misguideText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens a kind ofbird living on stretching grasslands once lent red to the often grey landscape of themid-western and southwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today,occupying about 16%of the specieshistoric range.The crash was a major reason the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in adesperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as“endangered,”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crackdown on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened”tag gave the federalgovernment flexibility to try out new,potentially less confrontational conservationapproaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with westernstate governments,which are often uneasy with federal action,and with the privatelandowners who control an estimated 95%of the prairie chickens habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landownersor businesses that unintentionally kill,harm,or disturb the bird as long as they hadsigned a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated byUSFWS and the states,the plan requires individuals and businesses that damagehabitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyedwith 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensatelandowners who set aside habitat.USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairiechicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.And2022 考研英语二冲刺课程阅读（王巧红）4it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies(WAFWA),a coalitionof state agencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,the idea is to let“statesremain in the drivers seat for managing the species,”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric.Some Congress members are trying toblock the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and threeenvironmental groups are challenging it in federal court.Not surprisingly,industrygroups and states generally argue it goes too far;environmentalists say it doesnt gofar enough.“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird tothe same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is _.A its drastically decreased populationB the underestimate of the grassland acreageC a desperate appeal from some biologistsD the insistence of private landowners27.The“threatened”tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it _.A was a give-in to governmental pressureB would involve fewer agencies in actionC granted less federal regulatory powerD went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not beprosecuted if they _.A agree to pay a sum for compensationB volunteer to set up an equally big habitatC offer to support the WAFWAmonitoring jobD promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe,the leading role in managing the species is _.2022 考研英语二冲刺课程阅读（王巧红）5A the federal governmentB the wildlife agenciesC the landownersD the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support _.A industry groupsB the win-win rhetoricC environmental groupsD the plan under challengeText 3That everyones too busy these days is a clich.But one specific complaint ismade especially mournfully:Theres never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniquesdont seem sufficient.The webs full of articles offering tips on making time to read:“Give up TV”or“Carry a book with you at all times.”But in my experience,usingsuch methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesnt work.Sit down to read and theflywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning or else youre so exhausted that achallenging books the last thing you need.The modern mind,Tim Parks,a novelistand critic,writes,“is overwhelmingly inclined toward communicationIt is notsimply that one is interrupted;it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.”Deepreading requires not just time,but a special kind of time which cant be obtainedmerely by becoming more efficient.In fact,“becoming more efficient”is part of the problem.Thinking of time as aresource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally,judging any givenmoment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal.Immersive reading,by contrast,depends on being willing to risk inefficiency,2022 考研英语二冲刺课程阅读（王巧红）6goallessness,even time-wasting.Try to slot it in as a to-do list item and youll manageonly goal-focused reading useful,sometimes,but not the most fulfilling kind.“Thefuture comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infiniteconveyor belt,”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time,and“we feel a pressure tofill these different-sized bottles(days,hours,minutes)as they pass,for if they get bywithout being filled,we will have wasted them.”No mind-set could be worse forlosing yourself in a book.So what does work?Perhaps surprisingly,scheduling regular times for reading.Youd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set,but in fact,Eberle notes,suchritualistic behaviour helps us“step outside times flow”into“soul time”.You couldlimit distractions by reading only physical books,or on single-purpose e-readers.“Carry a book with you at all times”can actually work,too providing you dip inoften enough,so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarilysurface to take care of business,before dropping back down.On a really good day,itno longer feels as if youre“making time to read,”but just reading,and making timefor everything else.31.The usual time management techniques dont work because _.A what they can offer does not ease the modern mindB what challenging books demand is repetitive readingC what people often forget is carrying a book with themD what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.The“empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to _.A update their to-do listsB make passing time fulfillingC carry their plans throughD pursue carefree reading2022 考研英语二冲刺课程阅读（王巧红）733.Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps _.A encourage the efficiency mind-setB develop online reading habitsC promote ritualistic readingD achieve immersive reading34.“Carry a book with you at all times”can work if _.A reading becomes your primary business of the dayB all the daily business has been promptly dealt withC you are able to drop back to business after readingD time can be evenly split for reading and business35.The best title for this text could be _.A How to Enjoy Easy ReadingB How to Find Time to ReadC How to Set Reading GoalsD How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure,younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success,a latest pollhas found.Across generational lines,Americans continue to prize many of the sametraditional milestones of a successful life,including getting married,having children,owning a home,and retiring in their sixties.But while young and old mostly agree onwhat constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life,they offer strikingly different pathsfor reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than olderadults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work,to believe they will advance their2022 考研英语二冲刺课程阅读（王巧红）8careers most by regularly changing jobs,to favor communities with more publicservices and a faster pace of life,to agree that couples should be financially securebefore getting married or having children,and to maintain that children are best servedby two parents working outside the home,the survey found.From career to community and family,these contrasts suggest that in theaftermath of the searing Great Recession,those just starting out in life are definingpriorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects ofAmerican life,from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point:Overwhelming majorities of bothgroups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than itwas for earlier generations.While younger people are somewhat more optimistic thantheir elders about the prospects for those starting out today,big majorities in bothgroups believe those“just getting started in life”face a tougher climb than earliergenerations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job,starting a family,managing debt,and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.Schneider,a 27-year-old autotechnician from the Chicago suburbs,says he struggled to find a job after graduatingfrom college.Even now that he is working steadily,he said,“I cant afford to pay mymonthly mortgage payments on my own,so I have to rent rooms out to people tomake that happen.”Looking back,he is struck that his parents could provide acomfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when hewas young.“I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didnthave college degrees,”Schneider said.“I dont think people are capable of thatanymore.”36.One cross-generation mark of a successful life is _.A trying out different lifestylesB having a family with children2022 考研英语二冲刺课程阅读（王巧红）9C working beyond retirement ageD setting up a profitable business37.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to _.A favor a slower life paceB hold an occupation longerC attach importance to pre-marital financeD give priority to children outside the home38.The priorities and expectations defined by the young will _.A become increasingly clearB focus on materialistic issuesC depend largely on political preferencesD reach almost all aspects ofAmerican life39.Both young and old agree that _.A good-paying jobs are less availableB the old made more life achievementsC housing loans today are easy to obtainD getting established is harder for the young40.Which of the following is true about Schneider?A He found a dream job after graduating from college.B His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.C His parentsgood life has little to do with a college degree.D He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.