2010-2020阅读技巧讲义.pdf

逻汉班阅读讲义逻汉班阅读讲义全文中心思想全文中心思想考研英语大纲（阅读板块）考研英语大纲（阅读板块）考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所选材料，考生应能：1)理解主旨要义;中心中心2)理解文中的具体信息;细节细节3)理解文中的概念性含义;4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申;推理推理5)根据上下文推测生词的词义;猜词猜词6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;态度态度8)区分论点和依据。论点论点一、一、全文中心思想（英语一）全文中心思想（英语一）2011 text 331.Consumers may create“earned”media when they are _.32.According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature _.33.The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media _.34.Toyota Motors experience is cited as an example of _.35.Which of the following is the text mainly about?A.Alternatives to conventional paid mediaB.Conflict between hijacked and earned mediaC.Dominance of hijacked media有道考神考研D.Popularity of owned media先题后文，只看题干先题后文，只看题干1 定位定位2 串联题干串联题干1）预判文章内容）预判文章内容2）意外收获）意外收获31.Consumers may create“earned”media when they are _.The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.No longer.While traditional“paid”mediasuch as television commercials and printadvertisementsstill play a major role,companies today can exploit many alternative forms ofmedia.Consumers passionate about a product may create“earned”media by willinglypromoting it to friends,and a company may leverage“owned”media by sending e-mail alertsabout products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.The way consumers nowapproach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketings impact stems from abroad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Consumers passionate about a product may create“earned”media by willingly promoting it tofriends,and a company may leverage“owned”media by sending e-mail alerts about products andsales to customers registered with its Web site.31.Consumers may create“earned”media when they are _.A obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sitesB inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to themC eager to help their friends promote quality productsD enthusiastic about recommending their favorite productsused toNo longer.WhileToday有道考神考研时间对比套路，笔记空出来奉上真题串烧时间对比套路，笔记空出来奉上真题串烧35.Which of the following is the text mainly about?A Alternatives to conventional paid media.B Conflict between hijacked and earned media.C Dominance of hijacked media.D Popularity of owned media.二、（时间）对比论证型二、（时间）对比论证型2008 Text 21段 It used to be so straightforward.A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal.A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review.Depending on the comments received,the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it.Copyright rested with the journal publisher,and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.2段 No longer.The Internet and pressure from funding agencies,who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting accessto it is making access to scientific results a reality.3段The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends,inpart,upon wide distribution and ready access.It is big business.In America,the core scientificpublishing market is estimated at between$7 billion and$11 billion.The InternationalAssociation of Scientific,Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects.They publish more than 1.2 million articleseach year in some 16,000 journals.4段This is now changing.According to the OECD report,.30.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?A The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.有道考神考研B A new mode of publication is emerging.C Authors welcome the new channel for publication.D Publication is rendered easier by online service.能力的提高不在于能力的提高不在于_而在于而在于_2005 text3Of all the components of a good nights sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams,a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears,by the late 1970s.neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is“off-line”And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better,“Its your dream”says Rosalind Cartwright,chair of psychology at Chicagos Medical Center.“If you dont like it,change it.”31.Researchers have come to believe that dreamsA.can be modified in their courses.B.are susceptible to emotional changes.C.reflect our innermost desires and fears.D.are a random outcome of neural repairs.2006 Text 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals.they suddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived.The large,slow-growing animals were easy game,and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.有道考神考研31、The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest thatA.large animal were vulnerable to the changing environmentB.small species survived as large animals disappearedC.large sea animals may face the same threat today.D.Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones三、选项中的比较级三、选项中的比较级2005 Text 3The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwrights clinic.Mostpeople seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,progressing toward happier ones beforeawakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we dont always think about theemotional significance of the days events-until,it appears,we begin to dream.33.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to _.A aggravate in our unconscious mindB develop into happy dreamsC persist till the time we fall asleepD show up in dreams early at night2007 Text 2For the past several years,the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a columncalled“Ask Marilyn.”People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant,who at age 10 had testedat a mental level of someone about 23 years old;that gave her an IQ of 228 the highest scoreever recorded.IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies,to envision paper after ithas been folded and cut,and to deduce numerical sequences,among other similar tasks.So it is abit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe(whose IQ is 100)as,Whats the difference between love and fondness?Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence?Its not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patternssuits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.有道考神考研Clearly,intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test.Just what does it mean to be smart?How much of intelligence can be specified,and how much can we learn about it from neurology,genetics,computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score,even though IQ testsare not given as often as they used to be.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in schooland in life,argues Robert J.Sternberg.In his article“How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”30What is the authors attitude towards IQ test?A Supportive.B Skeptical.C Impartial.D Biased.2007 Text 3During the past generation,the American middle-class family that once could count on hardwork and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk andnew realties.Now a pink slip,a bad diagnosis,or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family fromsolidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation,millions of mothers have gone to work,transforming basic familyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,and critics of all stripes have debated the socialimplications of these changes,but few have looked at the side effect:family risk has risen aswell.35.Which of the following is the best title for this text?A The Middle Class on the AlertB The Middle Class on the CliffC The Middle Class in ConflictD The Middle Class in Ruins有道考神考研2009 text2It is a wise father that knows his own child,but today a man can boost his paternal(fatherly)wisdom or at least confirm that hes the kids dad.All he needs to do is shell out$30 forpaternity testing kit(PTK)at his local drugstore and another$120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available withoutprescriptions last years,according to Doug Fog,chief operating officer of Identigene,whichmakes the over-the-counter kits.More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to thepublic,ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than$2500.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2,the text shows PTKs _.Aeasy availabilityBflexibility in pricingC successful promotionD popularity with households（英语二）（英语二）2011 Text 2Whatever happened to the death of newspapers?A year ago the end seemed near.Therecession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet.Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.AmericasFederal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers.Shouldthey become charitable corporations?Should the state subsidize them?It will hold anothermeeting soon.But the discussions now seem out of date.30.The most appropriate title for this text would be _.AAmerican Newspapers:Struggling for SurvivalBAmerican Newspapers:Gone with the WindCAmerican Newspapers:A Thriving BusinessDAmerican Newspapers:A Hopeless Story（英语二）（英语二）2013Text 1有道考神考研1段 In an essay entitled“Making It in America”,the author Adam Davidson relates a jokefrom cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:Theaverage mill has only two employees today,“a man and a dog.The man is there to feed thedog,and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”2段 Davidsons article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making thepoint that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-classincomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession,but itis also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.3段In the past,workers with average skills,doing an average job,could earn an averagelifestyle.But,today,average is officially over.25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?A New Law Takes EffectB Technology Goes CheapC Average Is OverD Recession Is Bad（时间）对比本质是转折要灵活处理（时间）对比本质是转折要灵活处理（英语二）（英语二）2011Text 41段Will the European Union make it?The question would have sounded strange not longago.Now even the projects greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a“Bermudatriangle”of debt,population decline and lower growth.末段 It is too soon to write off the EU.It remains the worlds largest trading block.At itsbest,the European project is remarkably liberal:built around a single market of 27 rich and poorcountries,its internal borders are far more open to goods,capital and labour than any comparable有道考神考研trading area.It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization,and makecapitalism benign.40.Regarding the future of the EU,the author seems to feel _.Apessimistic还有转折还有转折BdesperateCconceitedDhopeful回到（英语一）回到（英语一）2011text32段Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.Forearned media,such marketers act as the initiator for users responses.But in some cases,onemarketers owned media become another marketers paid mediafor instance,when ane-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.We define such sold media as owned mediawhose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engineswithin that environment.32.According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature _.A a safe business environmentB random competitionC strong user trafficD flexibility in organization理解文中的概念性含义理解文中的概念性含义;文中不同的概念（单词）表达同一个含义判断依据：代词（文中不同的概念（单词）表达同一个含义判断依据：代词（thisthatthesethose）+such新题型排序与选句填空新题型排序与选句填空四、大纲：理解文中的概念性含义四、大纲：理解文中的概念性含义有道考神考研【真题示例】（英语一）【真题示例】（英语一）2013 Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep,scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her.Priestlyexplains how the deep blue color of the assistants sweater descended over the years from fashionshows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found hergarment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds withfeverish world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of“fastfashion”.21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for herA poor bargaining skill.B insensitivity to fashion.C obsession with high fashion.D lack of imagination.2005 text3Of all the components of a good nights sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control.Indreams,a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.A centuryago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of ourunconscious desires and fears,by the late 1970s.neurologists had switched to thinking of them asjust“mental noise”the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat,regulatingmoods while the brain is“off-line”And one leading authority says that these intensely powerfulmental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,tohelp us sleep and feel better,“Its your dream”says Rosalind Cartwright,chair of psychology atChicagos Medical Center.“If you dont like it,change it.”2段 Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.The brain is as active during REM(rapideye movement)sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake,says Dr,EricNofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.But not all parts of the brain are equally involved,thelimbic system(the“emotional brain”)is especially active,while the prefrontal cortex(the center有道考神考研of intellect and reasoning)is relatively quiet.“We wake up from dreams happy of depressed,andthose feelings can stay with us all day”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr,William Dement.32.By referring to the limbic system,the author intends to showA.its function in our dreams.B.the mechanism of REM sleep.C.the relation of dreams to emotions.D.its difference from the prefrontal cortex.（英语二）（英语二）20