翻译逻辑01课堂笔记.pdf

视频定位1:0025:31NOTE：大板块小板块句子主干从句补充知识红色字体为关键词课后练习英语一翻译总分10，平均分3.5注意区分谓语动词和非谓语动词翻译：长句短句写作：短句长句elementary-particle physics基本粒子物理respected ideas 受到普遍认可的观点区分：physician 内科医生physicist 物理学家surgeon 外科医生中文翻译时，可以把”但是“补上，使翻译更加通顺。翻译需要调整语序，状语放中间翻译nuclear plant 核工厂nuclear station 核电站课前提醒1.课程内容不分英语一和二2.翻译很难，做好准备3.注重日常积累一、简单句例句1 p22（并列+主从复合）Odd though it sounds,/cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics,/and many astrophysicists have beenconvinced for the better part of a decade that it is true./第一步：拆分找出动词 sounds,is,been convinced第二步：对照翻译【知识点】1.odd adj.奇怪的2.plausible adj.可信的3.cosmic inflation 宇宙膨胀（学说）4.elementary adj.基础的，基本的5.particle n.粒子6.be convinced 相信7.for the better part of a decade七八年来【翻译方法】1.adj+as/though+S+V 让步状语从句（as/though翻译成尽管）例：Young as he is,he acts like an adult.尽管他很年轻，（但是）他行事像个大人。/他少年老成。2.A of B 译为”B的A“例：a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics在基础粒子物理上一些公认观点在科学上可信的推论【语法规则】1.it是主从复合句当中的代词，指代后面的内容，即”cosmic inflation“。例：Although she works at home,Mary would like to travel around the world.此处的she指代Mary2.Odd though it sounds=though it sounds odd 倒装参考答案：宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但是它是基础粒子物理学中一些公认理论在科学上可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。例句2 p23A plant follow-up survey showed/that one year after the layoffs only 38%of the released workers found new employment at the same or better wages./第一步：拆分找出动词 showed,found第二步：对照翻译【知识点】1.plant 工厂视频定位25:3239:40翻译逻辑01课堂笔记 翻译逻辑01课堂笔记 的第 1 页有道考神考研nuclear plant 核工厂nuclear station 核电站翻译技巧总结 p13：1.介词翻译A of B of C of D 译成 D的C的B的A当A表示数量时，如a lot of，不用倒过去2.连词的翻译例如原文只有although 虽然，译文中需要把”但是“补上3.增译当语义不发生改变时，可以对译文进行适当的增加或者减少词语，目的是使得译文通顺。Notes:right 权利power 权力duty 职责responsibility 责任obligation 义务privilege 特权前三句为简单句+宾语从句+定语从句Notes:不加逗号为限制性定语从句Notes:stimulate v.刺激，促使（联想stimuli）第二步：对照翻译【知识点】1.plant 工厂2.follow-up survey 跟踪调查3.wages 工资4.layoff n.临时解雇，失业裁员（时代背景）5.released worker 下岗/失业工人【翻译过程】A plant follow-up survey showed一家工厂的跟踪调查显示that one year after the layoffs only 38%of the released workers found new employment at the same or better wages.仅有38%被解雇的工人在失业一年后找到了与原工资相等或优于原工资的新工作。参考答案：一家工厂的跟踪调查显示，仅有38%被解雇的工人在失业一年后找到了与原工资相等或优于原工资的新工作。例句3 p23Some philosophers argue/that rights exist only within a social contract,as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.（1997.32）【知识点】1.right 权利2.entitlement 权益3.social contract 社会契约【翻译方法】形如：sh.believe/assume/assert/be convinced/argue that+从句，如果动词不认识，可以一律猜为：认为。参考答案：有些哲学家认为，权利只存在于社会契约中，是责任与权益交换的一部分。二、定语从句例句4 p23Behaviorists suggest/that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.(1990.26)第一步：拆分找出动词 suggest,experience【知识点】1.stimuli n.刺激物2.intellectual adj.知识的；智力的3.capacity n.能力4.appropriate adj.合适的，适当的第二步：对照翻译1.先翻主干行为主义者认为孩子将会经历更大的智力发展。2.分段眼里法：Behaviorists suggest that the child will experience greater intellectual development.拆分法：the child/who is raised in an environment/where there are many stimuli/which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses增译视频定位39:4048:20视频定位48:201:03:40 翻译逻辑01课堂笔记 的第 2 页有道考神考研Notes:equal equate inequalitydiscrimination bias prejudice 偏见development.拆分法：the child/who is raised in an environment/where there are many stimuli/which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses【翻译过程】the child 孩子who is raised in an environment 他在一个环境中长大where there are many stimuli 在这个环境中有很多的刺激物which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses.刺激物发展他做出合适反应的能力难点：怎么合起来？【翻译方法】定语从句的翻译例句：This is a classroom which can accommodate 100 individuals.前置法：这是一个能容纳100个人的教室。后置法：这是一个教室，该教室能容纳100个人。规则：短的一般放前，长的一般放后。参考答案：行为主义者认为，一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里成长，而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适应反应的能力，那么这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。【长短结合】例句5 p24It applied equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources,and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.(1992.33)第一步：拆分找出动词 applied第二步：对照翻译【知识点】1.结构搭配view as 把视为equate with 讲和视为等同2.单词辨析specific 具体的，详尽的special 特殊的technology 技术technique n.方法，技术（method）技能（skill and ability）【翻译过程】定语从句的翻译1.traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources前置法：将历史仅仅看作是对（历史材料）来源的内部的和外部的批评的传统历史学家后置法：传统历史学家，其将历史仅仅看作是对（历史材料）来源的内部的和外部的批评2.social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques前置法：把（历史研究）活动等同于具体方法的社会科学历史学家后置法：社会科学历史学家，其把（历史研究）活动等同于具体研究方法主干翻译It applied equally to and to .它同样适用于 和 。介词，增译动词 做出合适的反应增译视频定位1:03:401:44:20 翻译逻辑01课堂笔记 的第 3 页有道考神考研Notes：翻译时注意搭配问题：play basketball 打篮球play the piano 弹钢琴play chess 下棋主干翻译It applied equally to and to .它同样适用于 和 。组合翻译前置译法：它同样适用于将历史仅仅看作是对（历史材料）来源的内部的和外部的批评的传统历史学家，和把历史研究活动等同于具体方法的社会科学历史学家。评价：准确、完整、不通畅，需改为后置译法参考答案：它同样适用于传统历史学家和社会科学历史学家。前者将历史仅仅看作是对历史材料来源的内部和外部的批评；后者将历史研究活动等同千具体的研究方法。三、形容词性从句例句6 p25The Greeks assumed/that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought/which took root in Europe/long before people realized/how diverse language could be.(2004.46)第一步：拆分找出动词 assumed第二步：对照翻译【翻译方法】1.定语从句例句：I have achieved great success in the exam,which has made my parents excited.which可以指代前面的单词（大多数情况），也可以指代前面的句子（一般前面有逗号）。2.状语语序I will go for a picnic if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天好，我就去野餐。英文状语比较灵活，中文一般提前翻译。3.some+可数名词的单数形式 表示”某种“【翻译过程】The Greeks assumed希腊人认为that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought语言的结构和思考的过程有某种联系which took root in Europe它扎根于欧洲long before people realized how diverse language could be.早在人们意识到语言是多么不同之前。参考答案：希腊人认为，语言的结构和思考的过程有某种联系。这一观点早在人们意识到语言是多么的不同之前就已经在欧洲扎下了根。课后练习1.复习课上16句2.预习710句课后总结一、真题翻译第一步：拆分第二步：对照翻译第三步：组合起来二、翻译方法1.A of B 结构的倒置翻译 翻译逻辑01课堂笔记 的第 4 页有道考神考研第二步：对照翻译第三步：组合起来二、翻译方法1.A of B 结构的倒置翻译2.定语从句的前置&后置译法3.状语的翻译需调整语序4.翻译连词时需要补充相应的搭配5.适当增译 翻译逻辑01课堂笔记 的第 5 页有道考神考研