2006年逐词逐句精讲册(1).pdf

2006年逐词逐句精讲册Section IUse of English美国社会无家可归者问题亟需解决其原文朗读词汇讲解第一段DThe homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population.【词汇注释】homelesshaumlasa.无家可归的percentageposentid3n.百分率；百分比growinggrU)a.增加的：增长的population.pDpjulejnn.(地区、国家等的)人口【结构切分】The homeless make up a growing percentageof Americas population.主语谓语宾语percentage的后置定语【全句译文】无家可归者在美国人口中所占比例越来越大。2Indeed,homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments cant possibly cope.【词汇注释】indeedndi:dad.其实：实际上proportionpropo:jn.规模：程度reachrit.达到（特定的点或水平）copekapk(成功地)应付，处理【结构切分】主句：Indeed,homelessness has reachedsuch proportions结果状厂that local governments cant possibly cope.状语主语谓语宾语语从句引导词主语谓语+状语【全句译文】实际上，无家可归问题已经达到如此严重的程度，以至于地方政府根本无力应对。3 To help homeless people toward independence,the federal government must support job trainingprograms,raise the minimum wage,and fund more low-cost housing.【词汇注释】independence,lndlpendansn.自立：自主programpraugraemn.计划；方案federalfedorola.联邦的minimumminimama.最低的supportsopo:t.支持：提供帮助wagewedn.(按小时、日或周计算的)工资trainingtrein)n.训练：培训housinghauzinn.(统称)住房【结构切分】To help homeless people toward independence,主干：目的状语the federal governmentmust supportjob training programs,raise the minimum wage,and fund more low-cost housing.主语谓语1宾语1谓语2宾语2连词谓语3宾语3【全句译文】为了帮助无家可归者走向自立，联邦政府必须支持职业培训计划，提高最低工资，并资助建设更多廉价住房。第二段DNot everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless.【结构切分】主句：Noteveryone agrees on the number of AmericansAmericans的定语从句who are homeless否定副词主语谓语宾语引导词系动词表语【全句译文】人们在美国无家可归者的数量问题上意见不一。2Estimates range anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.【词汇注释】estimateestimatn.(对大小，数量等的)估计anywhereeniwea(r)ad.在某一限定范围之rangereind3(在一定的范围内)变化，变动内的任何一个数量【结构切分】Estimates range anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.主语谓语状语【全句译文】（对美国无家可归者的）估算数字从60万到300万不等。3Although the figure may vary,analysts do agree on another matter:that the number of thehomeless is increasing.【词汇注释】figurefiga(r)n.数字analystenolistn.分析者varyveari.相异；不同mattermxta(r)n,事情：问题【结构切分】主句：analysts do agree on another matter.让步状语从句Although the figure may vary主语谓语宾语引导词主语谓语another matterl的l同位语从句that the number of the homeless is increasing引导词主语谓语【全句译文】尽管估算数字可能不尽相同，但是分析家们在另一个问题上的确达成了共识，即无家可归者的数量正在持续增长。4One of the federal governments studies predicts that the number of the homeless will reachnearly 19 million by the end of this decade.后亏甲T【词汇注释】study圈stdin.(专题)研究nearlynaliad.几乎；将近predictprrdkt.预计：预测decadedekeidn.十年；十年期2【结构切分】主句：One of the federal governments studies predicts主语谓语predicts的宾语从句that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end l of this decade.引导词主语谓语宾语时间状语【全句译文】联邦政府的一项研究预估，在这个十年结束之前，无家可归者的数量将接近1900万。第三段DFinding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.【词汇注释】assist3sIstv.(通过提供金钱或信息)帮助populationpDpjulenn.(有共同特点的)一类人【结构切分】Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.主语ways的后置定语系动词表语【全句译文】找到能够帮助日益增多的无家可归者的方法变得日益困难。2Even when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day anda place to sleep at night,a good number still spend the bulk of each day wandering the street.【词汇注释】individualndivid3ualn.个人goodguda.(数量)相当多的manage?manidzv.设法做成（困难的事）bulkbAlkn.大部分shelterelta(r)h.(无家可归者的)收容所wanderwDnda(r)v.游荡mealmiln.早（或午、晚）餐【结构切分】主句：a good number still spend the bulk of each day wandering the street.主语状语+谓语宾语方面状语让步状语从句1Even when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter引导词主语谓语宾语a shelter的定语从句that will givethemthree meals a day and a place ll to sleep at night,引导词谓语间接宾语直接宾语1连词直接宾语2【全句译文】尽管无家可归者设法找到了收容所，白天有三餐，晚上能安眠，但很多人仍然每天大部分时间都在街头游荡。州芳】写计3Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs.【词汇注释】adultedAltn.成年人alcoholelkohpln.含酒精饮料；酒addictedadktda.上瘾的；成瘾的drugdragn.麻醉剂，兴奋剂（常指毒品）3【结构切分】主句：Part of the problem is表语从句hatmany homeless adultsare addicted to alcohol or drugs.主语系动词引导词主语系动词表语状语【全句译文】部分问题在于，许多无家可归的成年人是酒鬼或者瘾君子。4And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.【词汇注释】significantsignifikanta.相当数量的mentalmentla.精神健康的serioussiariasa.严重的disorderdso:d(r)n.紊乱；疾病【结构切分】And a significant number of the homelesshaveserious mental disorders.连词主语谓语宾语【全句译文】此外，相当多的无家可归者患有严重的精神疾病。5Many others,while not addicted or mentally ill,simply lack the everyday survival skills neededto turn their lives around.【词汇注释】la.有病的skiskln.技能survivalsavarvln.生存turn sth around使.好转【结构切分】while(they are)not addicted ll or mentally ill,引导词主语系动词表语让步状语从句主句：Many others,simply lack tthe everyday survival skills skillsneeded to turn their主语状语+谓语宾语后置定语lives around,【全句译文】还有许多人虽然不酗酒、不吸毒，精神也正常，但就是缺乏改善自身生活状况所需的基本生存技能。6Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there arecomprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless.【词汇注释】reporterripoto(r)n.记者improveImpruvk.改进：改善noten3Ur.特别提到comprehensivekomprihensiva.详尽的：全面的situationstuejnn.情况：局面addressadres.设法解决【结构切分】主句：Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notesnotesf的宾语从句that the situation will improve同位语主语谓语引导词主语谓语时间状语从句that address the many needs of the homeless.only whenthere arecomprehensive programs引导词谓语宾语引导词there be句型主语comprehensive programst的定语从句14【全句译文】波士顿环球日报记者克里斯雷迪特别提到，只有全面规划满足无家可归者的多种需求，这种局面才可能得到改善。7As Edward Zlotkowski,director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,putsit,There has to be coordination of programs.Whats needed is a package deal.【词汇注释】directordrekta(r)n.负责人；主任putput.说：表达communityk3mju:natin.社区coordinationkau:drnejnn.协调；调和service(s3vIsn.公共事业机构package deal一揽子交易（或计划等）【结构切分】As Edward Zlotkowski,putsit,Edward Zlotkowski director of community service at引导词主语谓语形式宾语的同位语Bentley College in Massachusetts,直接引语1：非限制性定语从句直接引语2：There has to be coordination of programs.Whats neededis a package deal.there be句型主语主语从句系动词表语【全句译文】正如马萨诸塞州本特里学院社区服务部主任爱德华兹罗特科夫斯基所说：“各项规划必须协调运行，我们需要的是一揽子计划。”Section IIReading ComprehensionPart AText1美国社会同化现象回第一段原文朗读词汇讲解DIn spite of endless talk of difference,American society is an amazing machine for homogenizingpeople.【词汇注释】endlessendlasa.不断的；无休止的machinem3i:nn.机器amazingamerzI)a.令人惊诧的：让人难以相信的homogenizehamDd3 enaIzv.使同样；同化【结构切分】主干：American societyISan amazing machinefor homogenizing people.主语系动词表语an amazing machinel的后置定语让步状语In spite ofendless talk of difference.【全句译文】尽管“人们无休止地谈论差异性”，美国社会却是一台惊人的同化机器。2There isthe democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse,and the casualness and absence ofdeferencecharacteristic of popular culture.与T八月甲【词汇注释】democratizedimkr3taz使大众化，平民化了uniformityjunrfo:motin.相同性；一致性discoursedIsko:sn.(口头或书面的)交谈deferencedefaransn.恭敬：敬重：服从casualnesske3 ualnasn.漫不经心；随随便便characteristickarak3ristrka.典型的：特有的absenceebs3nsn.缺乏：不存在popular culture流行文化：大众文化【结构切分】主干：There is the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse,and the casualness l and absence of deferencethere be句型主语1连词主语2the democratizing.deference的后置定语characteristic of popular culture.【全句译文】大众文化具有“衣着与言谈趋于平民化、轻松随意且不拘礼节”的典型特征。3People are absorbed into a culture of consumptionlaunched by the 19th-century departmentstores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.【词汇注释】be absorbed into sth被所同化；融入vastvasta.庞大的；大量的consumptionkansAmp.fnn.消费arrayren.(排列整齐的)一批，一系列，大launchlbnt.发起，发动（大型或重要活动）eleganteliganta.优雅的：雅致的：讲究的department store百货商店atmosphereetmasfia(r)n.氛围：环境【结构切分】主句：People are absorbedinto a culture of consumptiona culture of consumption launched by the 19th-century主语谓语状语的后置定语department storesthc19h-centuy department storesf的定语从句个that offeredvast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere引导词谓语宾语状语【全句译文】人们融入到由19世纪的百货商店所掀起的“消费文化”之中，这些商店“环境优雅，供应琳琅满目的商品”。4Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elitethese were stores anyone couldenter,regardless of class or background.【词汇注释】intimateintimata.(气氛)融洽的，怡人的eliteerli:tn.社会精英cater to sb迎合某人的需要cass圈klasn阶级：阶层knowledgeablenDl1d3bla.有见识的：知识渊博的backgroundbaekgraundn.(出身)背景；学历【结构切分】主句：thesewerestoresstores的(that/which)anyone could enter,regardless ofl class or background.主语系动词表语定语从句引导词主语谓语让步状语状语intimate shopsInstead of l intimate shops的后置定语catering to l a knowledgeable elite【全句译文】与迎合知识精英人士的温馨专卖小店不同的是，这些商店不论阶层或背景，允许任何人进人。This turned shopping intoa public and democratic act.研人的看种家园【词汇注释】publicpAblika.平民的：公众的democratic,dem3kraetrka.民众的：大众的6