2006年逐词逐句精讲册(1).pdf

【全句译文】为了帮助无家可归者走向自立，联邦政府必须支持职业培训计划，提高最低工资，并资助建设更多廉价住房。第二段DNot everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless.【结构切分】主句：Noteveryone agrees on the number of AmericansAmericans的定语从句who are homeless否定副词主语谓语宾语引导词系动词表语【全句译文】人们在美国无家可归者的数量问题上意见不一。2Estimates range anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.【词汇注释】estimateestimatn.(对大小，数量等的)估计anywhereeniwea(r)ad.在某一限定范围之rangereind3(在一定的范围内)变化，变动内的任何一个数量【结构切分】Estimates range anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.主语谓语状语【全句译文】（对美国无家可归者的）估算数字从60万到300万不等。3Although the figure may vary,analysts do agree on another matter:that the number of thehomeless is increasing.【词汇注释】figurefiga(r)n.数字analystenolistn.分析者varyveari.相异；不同mattermxta(r)n,事情：问题【结构切分】主句：analysts do agree on another matter.让步状语从句Although the figure may vary主语谓语宾语引导词主语谓语another matterl的l同位语从句that the number of the homeless is increasing引导词主语谓语【全句译文】尽管估算数字可能不尽相同，但是分析家们在另一个问题上的确达成了共识，即无家可归者的数量正在持续增长。4One of the federal governments studies predicts that the number of the homeless will reachnearly 19 million by the end of this decade.后亏甲T【词汇注释】study圈stdin.(专题)研究nearlynaliad.几乎；将近predictprrdkt.预计：预测decadedekeidn.十年；十年期2【结构切分】主句：One of the federal governments studies predicts主语谓语predicts的宾语从句that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end l of this decade.引导词主语谓语宾语时间状语【全句译文】联邦政府的一项研究预估，在这个十年结束之前，无家可归者的数量将接近1900万。第三段DFinding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.【词汇注释】assist3sIstv.(通过提供金钱或信息)帮助populationpDpjulenn.(有共同特点的)一类人【结构切分】Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.主语ways的后置定语系动词表语【全句译文】找到能够帮助日益增多的无家可归者的方法变得日益困难。2Even when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day anda place to sleep at night,a good number still spend the bulk of each day wandering the street.【词汇注释】individualndivid3ualn.个人goodguda.(数量)相当多的manage?manidzv.设法做成（困难的事）bulkbAlkn.大部分shelterelta(r)h.(无家可归者的)收容所wanderwDnda(r)v.游荡mealmiln.早（或午、晚）餐【结构切分】主句：a good number still spend the bulk of each day wandering the street.主语状语+谓语宾语方面状语让步状语从句1Even when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter引导词主语谓语宾语a shelter的定语从句that will givethemthree meals a day and a place ll to sleep at night,引导词谓语间接宾语直接宾语1连词直接宾语2【全句译文】尽管无家可归者设法找到了收容所，白天有三餐，晚上能安眠，但很多人仍然每天大部分时间都在街头游荡。州芳】写计3Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs.【词汇注释】adultedAltn.成年人alcoholelkohpln.含酒精饮料；酒addictedadktda.上瘾的；成瘾的drugdragn.麻醉剂，兴奋剂（常指毒品）3【结构切分】主句：Part of the problem is表语从句hatmany homeless adultsare addicted to alcohol or drugs.主语系动词引导词主语系动词表语状语【全句译文】部分问题在于，许多无家可归的成年人是酒鬼或者瘾君子。4And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.【词汇注释】significantsignifikanta.相当数量的mentalmentla.精神健康的serioussiariasa.严重的disorderdso:d(r)n.紊乱；疾病【结构切分】And a significant number of the homelesshaveserious mental disorders.连词主语谓语宾语【全句译文】此外，相当多的无家可归者患有严重的精神疾病。5Many others,while not addicted or mentally ill,simply lack the everyday survival skills neededto turn their lives around.【词汇注释】la.有病的skiskln.技能survivalsavarvln.生存turn sth around使.好转【结构切分】while(they are)not addicted ll or mentally ill,引导词主语系动词表语让步状语从句主句：Many others,simply lack tthe everyday survival skills skillsneeded to turn their主语状语+谓语宾语后置定语lives around,【全句译文】还有许多人虽然不酗酒、不吸毒，精神也正常，但就是缺乏改善自身生活状况所需的基本生存技能。6Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there arecomprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless.【词汇注释】reporterripoto(r)n.记者improveImpruvk.改进：改善noten3Ur.特别提到comprehensivekomprihensiva.详尽的：全面的situationstuejnn.情况：局面addressadres.设法解决【结构切分】主句：Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notesnotesf的宾语从句that the situation will improve同位语主语谓语引导词主语谓语时间状语从句that address the many needs of the homeless.only whenthere arecomprehensive programs引导词谓语宾语引导词there be句型主语comprehensive programst的定语从句14discoursedIsko:sn.(口头或书面的)交谈deferencedefaransn.恭敬：敬重：服从casualnesske3 ualnasn.漫不经心；随随便便characteristickarak3ristrka.典型的：特有的absenceebs3nsn.缺乏：不存在popular culture流行文化：大众文化【结构切分】主干：There is the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse,and the casualness l and absence of deferencethere be句型主语1连词主语2the democratizing.deference的后置定语characteristic of popular culture.【全句译文】大众文化具有“衣着与言谈趋于平民化、轻松随意且不拘礼节”的典型特征。3People are absorbed into a culture of consumptionlaunched by the 19th-century departmentstores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.【词汇注释】be absorbed into sth被所同化；融入vastvasta.庞大的；大量的consumptionkansAmp.fnn.消费arrayren.(排列整齐的)一批，一系列，大launchlbnt.发起，发动（大型或重要活动）eleganteliganta.优雅的：雅致的：讲究的department store百货商店atmosphereetmasfia(r)n.氛围：环境【结构切分】主句：People are absorbedinto a culture of consumptiona culture of consumption launched by the 19th-century主语谓语状语的后置定语department storesthc19h-centuy department storesf的定语从句个that offeredvast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere引导词谓语宾语状语【全句译文】人们融入到由19世纪的百货商店所掀起的“消费文化”之中，这些商店“环境优雅，供应琳琅满目的商品”。4Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elitethese were stores anyone couldenter,regardless of class or background.【词汇注释】intimateintimata.(气氛)融洽的，怡人的eliteerli:tn.社会精英cater to sb迎合某人的需要cass圈klasn阶级：阶层knowledgeablenDl1d3bla.有见识的：知识渊博的backgroundbaekgraundn.(出身)背景；学历【结构切分】主句：thesewerestoresstores的(that/which)anyone could enter,regardless ofl class or background.主语系动词表语定语从句引导词主语谓语让步状语状语intimate shopsInstead of l intimate shops的后置定语catering to l a knowledgeable elite【全句译文】与迎合知识精英人士的温馨专卖小店不同的是，这些商店不论阶层或背景，允许任何人进人。This turned shopping intoa public and democratic act.研人的看种家园【词汇注释】publicpAblika.平民的：公众的democratic,dem3kraetrka.民众的：大众的6