2004年逐词逐句精讲册(1).pdf

【结构切分】orthatthey have learned criminal behaviorthrough interaction with others连词引导词主语谓语宾语方式状语suggest的宾语从句2主句：Theoriescentering on the individual suggest主语Theories的后置定语谓语suggesth的宾语从句1thatchildren engage incriminal behavior引导词主语谓语宾语原因状语从句1because theywere not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds引导词主语被动态谓语+状语原因状语【全句译文】强调个人因素的理论认为，青少年之所以会从事犯罪活动，是因为他们以前的错误行为未受到足够的惩罚，或者他们是在与他人交往的过程中学会了犯罪行为。3Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to theirfailure to rise above their socioeconomic status,or as a rejection of middle-class values.【词汇注释】in response to sth作为对的反应socioeconomic status社会经济地位failurefeja(r)n,未能做（应做之事）rejectionrd3ekjnn.抛弃；拒绝rise above克服（障碍）；超越（限制）middle-.classmdlklasa.中产阶级的【结构切分】主句：Theories focusing on the role of societysuggestsuggestp的thatchildren commitcrimes主语Theories的后置定语谓语宾语从句引导词主语谓语宾语原因状语in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,oras a rejection of middle-class values原因状语1连词原因状语2【全句译文】强调社会因素的理论则认为，青少年犯罪是因为他们未能如愿超越自身的社会经济地位，或者是出于他们对中产阶级价值观的抵制。第二段DMost theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.【词汇注释】disadvantaged,disadva:ntId3da.弱势的：社会wealthywel0ia.富有的；富裕的地位低下的homehamn.家庭gnoreigno:(r)k.忽视：不顾【结构切分】主句：Most theoriesof juvenile delinquencyhave focusedon children from disadvantaged families主语theoriesf的后置定语谓语状语个伴随状语ignoring the fact the fact的同that children from wealthy homesalso commit crimes现在分词宾语位语从句引导词主语childrenf的后置定语状语谓语宾语2【全句译文】大部分研究青少年犯罪的理论都把重点放在了贫困家庭的孩子身上，而忽略了出身富裕家庭的孩子也会犯罪这一事实。2The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control.【词汇注释】the latter(刚提及的两者中)后者parentalparentla.父母的adequateedikwata.足够的：合格的controlkantrauln.限制；约束【结构切分】The latter may commitcrimesfor lack of adequate parental control.主语谓语宾语原因状语【全句译文】富裕家庭的孩子可能会因为缺乏足够的父母管教/父母管教不严而犯罪。3All theories,however,are tentative and are subject to criticism.【词汇注释】tentativetentativa.暂定的；不确定的criticismkritisizomn.批评；指责be subject to sth易遭受；可能受.影响【结构切分】All theories,however,aretentativeandaresubject to criticism.主语插入语系动词1表语1连词系动词2表语2【全句译文】不过，所有这些理论都不是定论，且可能会遭到批判。第三段1Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates.【词汇注释】social structure社会结构affectafektv.影响indirectlylndarektliad.间接地3rateretn,率；比率【结构切分】Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates.主语Changes的后置定语状语+谓语宾语【全句译文】社会结构的变化可能会间接地影响青少年犯罪率。2For example,changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and risingunemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.【词汇注释】job opportunity就业机会employmenttmploimantn.工作；职业unemploymentAnmploImantn.失业increasinglyInkri:sinliad.越来越多地；不断增in general普遍地：从总体上看加地gainfulgeinfla.有收益的；有报酬的3