翻译逻辑03课堂笔记.pdf

视频定位0:2218:43NOTE：大板块小板块句子主干从句补充知识红色字体为关键词课后练习Notes：分析句子结构时可以先不看插入语，翻译时可把插入语放括号中一词多义翻译时需选择最符合中文搭配习惯的Notes：in the week that follows=in the following week=in the next week例句12 p27In the early industrialized countries of Europe/the process of industrialization with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed was spread over nearly a century,/whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.(2000.74)【知识点】1.spread 动词意思展开，铺开，伸开传播，散布，流传蔓延，扩散，散开be spread 进行了，持续了2.whereas=while 然而3.far-reaching 深远的【翻译过程】In the earIy industriaIized countries of Europe 在欧洲早期的工业化国家里,the process of industriaIization was spread over nearIy a century,其工业化进程持续了大约一个世纪，with aII the far-reaching changes in sociaI patterns that foIIowed以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革whereas nowadays a deveIoping nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右的时间内就可以完成同样的过程。参考答案：在欧洲早期的工业化国家里,其工业化进程(以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革）持续了大约一个世纪,而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右的时间内就可以完成同样的过程。例句13 p28On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence,/but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared,/and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.（1992.75）【知识点】1.on the whole 总的来说2.only if=if 如果 if only=如果多好3.assume v.假设4.relevant adj.相关的，有关的（ir-）5.possess v.拥有【翻译方法】1.被动语态的翻译有被则被，无被找主，无被替换（把/得以/受）2.状语从句的翻译有时需要补全连词视频定位19:0252:01插入语指代the child指代the others翻译逻辑03课堂笔记翻译逻辑03课堂笔记 的第 1 页有道考神考研有被则被，无被找主，无被替换（把/得以/受）2.状语从句的翻译有时需要补全连词有的时候需要调整语序（if）3.拆分翻译例：only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compare.only if the child has had the same attitude as the others.这个孩子与其他孩子具有相同的态度。only if the child has had the same attitude(towards the test)as the others.这个孩子与其他孩子（对待测试）具有相同的态度。only if the child has had the same attitude towards the test as the others(with whom he is being compared).这个孩子与其他（正在与其对比的）孩子对待测试具有相同的态度。only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compare.假设这个孩子与其他正在与其对比的孩子对待测试具有相同的态度。【翻译过程】On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence,总的来说，我们可以带有某种信心得出这样一个结论。but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared,但是只有假定这个孩子对待测试的态度和其他与他相比的孩子对待测试的态度是一样的，and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.并且只有如果当他不会因为缺乏别的孩子所拥有的知识而受到惩罚。参考答案：总的来说，只有假定这个孩子对待测试的态度和其他与他相比的孩子对待测试的态度是一样的，并且只有当他不会因为缺乏别的孩子所拥有的知识而受到惩罚，我们才可以带着某种程度的自信得出这样一个结论。例句14 p29Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life/we cannot help considering/whether or not we are forming the powers/which will secure this ability.（2009.49）【知识点】1.since 既然，因为，由于mon life 日常生活3.cannot help doing 情不自禁4.secure 获得；确保5.powers pl.复 体力，智力【翻译过程】Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life既然我们的主要任务是使他们在日常生活中分享视频定位52:021:06:50状语从句宾语从句定语从句翻译逻辑03课堂笔记 的第 2 页有道考神考研Notes：elect as （作宾语补足语）accept as regard as consider as【翻译过程】Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life既然我们的主要任务是使他们在日常生活中分享we cannot help considering那么我们不禁要考虑whether or not we are forming the powers我们是否正在形成一种力量，which will secure this ability.这种力量能够确保他们的能力。参考答案：既然我们的主要任务是使他们在日常生活中分享，那么我们不禁要考虑，我们是否正在形成一种能够确保他们能力的力量。例句15 p29I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic（苏格拉底的）way about moral problem.(2006.48)【知识点】换序China is striving to make the realization of Four Modernization possible.China is striving to make possible the realization of Four Modernization.elect A as Bwho has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life/the activity of thinking in a Socratic（苏格拉底的）way about moral problem.who has elected the activity of thinking in a Socratic（苏格拉底的）way about moral problem as his primary duty and pleasure in life.参考答案：我会把知识分子定义为这样的人：他已选择把用苏格拉底的方法思考道德问题的活动作为毕生的主要任务和乐趣。例句16 p29On the other hand,he did not accept as well-founded the charge made by some of his critics that while he was a good observer,he had no power of reasoning.（2008.48）【知识点】1.宾语补足语（即可为n也可是adj）I treat the boy as a good student.I think of the boy(as)good.2.find 发现find found found（found是find的过去式和过去分词）found 建立、成立found founded founded例：The theory is well founded.这个理论站得住脚/有充分的证明。The artifact is well preserved.这个手工艺品保存完好。【翻译难点】原文语序：he did not accept as well founded the charge 视频定位1:06:521:25:30视频定位1:25:301:50:30the charge的同位语从句翻译逻辑03课堂笔记 的第 3 页有道考神考研Notes：1.charge v.&n.收费；指责；责任；充电2.found v.建立，成立3.reasoning n.推理Notes：英语拆分后，可以调整顺序，让译文更通顺【翻译难点】原文语序：he did not accept as well founded the charge the charge后面修饰成分和从句太长，所以as well founded前置前置之前：he did not accept the charge as well founded.翻译：he accepted the charge as well founded.他接受这个指责，认为其站得住脚。he did not accept the charge as well founded.他不接受这个指责，认为其站不住脚。【翻译方法】转性译法The pupil is a good writer.误译：这个小学生是个好的作家。（与事实不符）正译：这个小学生擅（善）长写作。【翻译过程】On the other hand.he did not accept thn charge as well founded另一方面，达尔文不认为对他的指责是证据充足的made by some of his critics由一些评论家提出的that while he was a good observer.he had no power of reasoning.尽管他善于观察，却不能推理参考答案：综合版本1（临场）：另一方面，他认为由一些评论家提出的对他的指责是证据不足的，该指责是：尽管他善于观察，却不能推理。综合版本2（梦想）：另一方面，一些评论家提出，尽管他善于观察，却不能推理。对这样的指责，他无法接受，认为毫无根据。课后练习1.复习课上1216句2.预习1722句课后总结一、真题翻译讲解第一步：拆分第二步：对照翻译第三步：组合起来二、翻译方法1.被动语态的翻译2.状语从句的翻译3.拆分翻译翻译逻辑03课堂笔记 的第 4 页有道考神考研