答疑0419英语考研资料免费分享.pdf

答疑 0419答疑检索：独立主格However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoiningchambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in returnfor its rock,their behaviour became markedly different.【句子结构】1.句子主干：their behaviour became markedly different2.时间 状语从 句：when two monkeys were placed in separate butadjoining chambers3.目的状语从句：so that each could observe what the other was getting inreturn for its rock4.宾语从句：what the other was getting in return for its rock【翻译】然而，当两只猴子被放在相对独立但却连在一起的房间，以便每一只猴子都能观察到另外一只用他们的石头换回了什么东西时，他们的行为就会变得显著不同。And if one received a grape without having to provide her token inexchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher orout of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.【句子结构】1.句子主干：the other either.the slice of cucumber2.条件状语从句：And if one received.in exchange at all【翻译】如果一只猴子根本不需要使用自己的代币作为交换就可以获得一个葡萄的话，那么另一只猴子要么会将自己的代币丢向研究者或者丢出房间，要么就会拒绝接受那片黄瓜。However,whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently incapuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestorthat the species had 35 million years ago,is,as yet,an unansweredquestion.【句子结构】1.句子主干：is an unanswered question2.主语从句并列：whether such a sense.,or whether.had 35 millionyears ago3.定语从句：that the species had 35 million years ago（修饰 the commonancestor）4.插入语：However；as yet【翻译】然而，森茂猴和人类的公平意识是独立进化而来的，还是来源于三千五百万年前它们所共同拥有的祖先，迄今还是一个没有答案的问题。【难点分析】独立主格结构有两部分组成:前一部分是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式,动名词和分词)或名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系.独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语，独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间,原因,条件,伴随,目的等。独立主格结构在句子中相当于一个带有自己主语的状语从句。它的结构为:名词/名词短语/代词+非谓语动词(不定式,动名词和分词)或名词/形容词/副词/介词短语.例如：The meeting being over,all of us went home.（the meeting beingover 相当于 when the meeting was over）