22考研英语阅读－宋逸轩英语考研资料免费分享.pdf

22考研英语阅读高分技法 宋 逸 轩 微博：宋逸轩 微信公号：逸轩英文 大纲 第二部分 阅读理解 该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。共30 小题，每小题2分，共60分。A节(20小题)：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含 义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能 力。要求考生根据所提供的4篇(总长度约为1600词)文章的内容，从 每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所选材料，考生应能：1)理解主旨要义;2)理解文中的具体信息;3)理解文中的概念性含义;4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申;5)根据上下文推测生词的词义;6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;8)区分论点和依据。4七大题型之一：例证题题干特征：example;case;story;cite;quote;demonstrate;illustrate;is mentioned/notedwhat does the example of illustrate/demonstrate.?例1：英语（一）2009-text4-39 39.The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often_.(例证题)A.influenced by superstitions B.troubled with religious beliefs C.puzzled by church sermons D.frustrated with family earnings5 Para.4 题文同序We should not forget,however,that most New Englanders were less well educated.While few craftsmen or farmers,let alone dependents and servants,left literary compositions to be analyzed,it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized.Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality.A tailor named John Dane,who emigrated in the late 1630s,left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs.Sexual confusion,economic frustrations,and religious hopeall came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible,told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate,and read the magical words:“Come out from among them,touch no unclean thing,and I will be your God and you shall be my people.”One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churches.6何为例证？T+S （E）例子证明观点 观点即是答案7正确的阅读题备考方法：找出正确答案 分析错误选项 精读读懂全文8例2：英语（二）2013-text1-2323.The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that _.Agains of technology have been erased Bjob opportunities are disappearing at a high speed Cfactories are making much less money than before Dnew jobs and services have been offered9Para.4Yes,new technology has been eating jobs forever,and always will.But theres been an acceleration.As Davidson notes,“In the 10 years ending in 2009,U.S.factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years;roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobsabout 6 million in total disappeared.”10but 链接：英语（二）2012-text1-21 21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_.A.is receiving more criticism B.is gaining more preferences C.is no longer an educational ritual D.is not required for advanced course11Para.1 Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents,but in recent years it has been particularly scorned.School districts across the country,most recently Los Angeles Unified,are revising their thinking on this educational ritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than 10%of a students academic grade.12例3：英语（一）2010-text3-3131.By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends to_.A analyze the consequences of social epidemics B discuss influentials function in spreading ideas C exemplify peoples intuitive response to social epidemics D describe the essential characteristics of influential13Para.1In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that“social epidemics”are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesnt explain how ideas actually spread.14例4：英语（一）2008-text4-3636.George Washingtons dental surgery is mentioned to_.A show the primitive medical practice in the past B demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days C stress the role of slaves in the U.S.history D reveal some unknown aspect of his life15Para1-2In 1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52,was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jawhaving extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.Thats far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998,which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.16例5：英语（一）2017-text1-2121.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to_ A explain Americans tolerance of current security checks.B stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S.airports.D emphasize the importance of privacy protection.17Para1-2 First two hours,now three hours this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some major U.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives,not to mention infuriating.18例6：英语（二）2013text12121.The joke in Paragraph1 is used to illustrate_.A.the impact of technological advances B.the alleviation of job pressure C.the shrinkage of textile mills D.the decline of middle-class incomes 19Para1-2In an essay entitled“Making It in America”,the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill has only two employees today,“a man and a dog.The man is there to feed the dog,and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidsons article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.20例7：英语（二）2014-text1-2323.McRib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that_.Aconsumers are sometimes irrational Bpopularity usually comes after quality Cmarketing tricks are often effective Drarity generally increases pleasure21Para.3 This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most“happiness bang for your buck.”It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work,spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself,and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.This is apparently the reason MacDonalds restricts the availability of its popular McRiba marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.22例证题解题思路1.60%往上找，40%往下找（经典八字口诀）。2.例子本身不重要，例子支撑的观点才重要。3.例子本身的内容最容易成为干扰选项。4.正确答案通常具有概括性（观点即全文主旨）。23七大题型之二：词句题The word/phrase/sentence”(line*,para*)most probably meansThe word/phrase”(line*,para*)is closest in meaning to Which of the following best defines the word”(line*,para*)?24例1：英语（一）2010-text3-3434.The underlined phrase“these people”in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who_.A.stay outside the network of social influence B.have little contact with the source of influence C.are influenced and then influence others D.are influenced by the initial influential25Para.4 The researchers argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfreywhose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence even the most influential members of a population simply dont interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change wont propagate very far or affect many people.26例2：英语（一）2012-text2-2626.The phrase“reneging on”(Line 3.para.1)is closest in meaning to_.A condemning B reaffirming C dishonoring D securing27Para.1-2A deal is a dealexcept,apparently,when Entergy is involved.The company,a major energy supplier in New England,provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead,the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not：challenge the constitutionality of Vermonts rules in federal court,as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running.Its a stunning move.28例3：英语（一）2017-text1-23The word“expedited”(Liner 4,Para.5)is closet in meaning to_ A quieter.B cheaper.C wider.D faster.29Para.5There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk,saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.30例4：英语（一）2013-text 2-2727.“The industry”(Line 5,Para.3)refers to_.A online advertisers B e-commerce conductors C digital information analysis D internet browser developers31Para.3In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission(FTC)proposed adding a“do not track”(DNT)option to internet browsers,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT;Googles Chrome is due to do so this year.In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance(DAA)agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.32例5：英语（二）2015-text1-2424.The word“moola”(Line 4,Para 4)most probably means_.A.energy B.skills C.earnings D.nutrition33para.4 But its not just a gender thing.At work,people pretty much know what theyre supposed to be doing:working,making money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.34例6：英语（二）2012-text2-2626.By saying it is.the rainbow(Line 3,Para.1),the author means pink_.Ashould not be the sole representation of girlhood Bshould not be associated with girls innocence Ccannot explain girls lack of imagination Dcannot influence girls lives and interests35Para.1 Pretty in pink:adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour,yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives.It is not that pink is intrinsically bad,but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and,though it may celebrate girlhood in one way,it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls identity to appearance.Then it presents that connection,even among two-year-olds,between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence.Looking around,I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests.36词句题解题思路 考的是上下文推理能力 警惕与所考词长得像或字面意思接近的选项 回到上下文寻找同义词或反义词，利用句间逻辑关系和标点符号 确定答案后必须带入原文检查确认37七大题型之三：细节题 According to the author the/Paragraph X,_.It is stated in Paragraph X that _.feature/were characterized by_.五个W一个H38例1：英语（一）2006-text2-29 29.According to the townsfolk,the RSC deserves no subsidy because_.Aticket prices can be raised to cover the spending Bthe company is financially ill-managed Cthe behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable Dthe theatre attendance is on the rise39para.5 Anyway,the townsfolk cant understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy.(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row.Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year theyll do better.)The reason,of course,is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.40链接：30.From the text we can conclude that the author_.A is supportive of both sides B favors the townsfolks view C takes a detached attitude D is sympathetic to the RSC41例2：英语（一）2010-text3-32 32.The author suggests that the two-step-flow theory”_.A.serves as a solution to marketing problems B.has helped explain certain prevalent trends C.has won support from influentials D.requires solid evidence for its validity42Para.2 The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the“two-step flow of communication”:Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.43例3：英语（一）2013-text1-2221.According to Cline,mass-market labels urge consumers to_.A.combat unnecessary waste B.shut out the feverish fashion world C.resist the influence of advertisements D.shop for their garments more frequently44Para.2 This top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of“fast fashion”.In the last decade or so,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory,more frequent releases,and more profit.These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposablemeant to last only a wash or two,although they dont advertise thatand to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices,Cline argues,these brands have hijacked fashion cycles,shaking an industry l