2022考研英语基础课程核心语法讲义（王泉）[途鸟吧论坛 www.tnbzs.com].pdf

2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）12022 年考研英语核心语法年考研英语核心语法主讲：王泉主讲：王泉句法句法：简单句简单句+复杂句复杂句简单句简单句句子主干：谓语/系表结构、5+2 基本句型（一一）谓语谓语1.一般式：1）第一、二人称&复数名词作主语（动词原型）do(不带 to 的不定式)；2）第三人称&单数名词作主语（单三形式）does(v.+s/es/ies)【例子】我/你/他每天都干饭。I/You feast everyday.He feasts everyday.2.过去式：1）规则变化 did(v.+ed/d/ied)2）不规则变化（原型+过去式+过去分词+翻译）【例子】我过去经常干饭。I regularly feasted in the past.3.完成式：1）现在完成 have/has done2）过去完成 had done【例子】我已经干饭二十多年了。2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）2I have feasted for more than twenty years.我在减肥前已经干饭二十多年了。I had feasted for more than twenty years before losing weight.4.将来式：1）一般将来：can/will/shall/may/must/need/dare/ought to+do2）过去将来：could/would/should/might+do【例子】我明天中午干饭。I will feast at noon tomorrow.我妈说过我考上研究生就可以干饭了。My mom said that I would feast if I succeeded in being admitted to graduateschool.你要是不拦着我，我本应该干饭七个小时了。If you had not prevented me,I would have been feasting for seven hours.5.否定式：情态动词/助动词(do/does/did/have/has/had)+not+do/done【例子】我忍不住干饭。I cannot help feasting.我不知道除了干饭我还能干啥。I do not know what I can do but feasting.6.强调式：助动词(do/does/did)+do(谓语)【例子】我太爱干饭了。I do love feasting附录附录：动词不规则变化表（字母索引）动词不规则变化表（字母索引）A-A-Abet bet/betted bet/betted 打赌bid bid bid 出价broadcast broadcast broadcast 广播browbeat browbeat browbeat 严斥；吓唬burst burst burst 爆炸bust bust/busted/bust/busted 打破cast cast cast 投；抛cost cost cost 花费cut cut cut 切割2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）3fit fit fit 符合forecast forecast forecast 预测hit hit hit 打击hurt hurt hurt 伤害input input input 输入inset inset inset 以潜逃物装饰knit knit/knitted knit/knitted 编织let let let 允许；让misread misread misread 误解outbid outbid outbid 出价高于overcast overcast overcast 遮蔽proofread proofread proofread 校对put put put 放quit quit/quitted quit/quitted 离开read read read 读recast recast recast 重铸reset reset reset 重置rid rid rid 使摆脱shit shit/shat shit/shat 欺骗set set set 放置shed shed shed 流出shut shut shut 关闭slit slit slit 撕裂split split split 分离spread spread spread 延伸spit spit/spat spit/spat 发出thrust thrust thrust 插入upset upset upset 使心烦wed wed/wedded wed/wedded 结婚wet wet/wetted wet/wetted 弄湿A-A-Bbeat beat beaten/beat 打；避免2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）4A-B-Abecome became become 成为come came come 来outrun outran outrun 超过overcome overcame overcome 克服overrun overran overrun 超出rerun reran rerun 重播；重演run ran run 跑underlie underlay underlain 成为基础undertake undertook undertaken 承担underwrite underwrote underwritten 在下面写undo undid undone 取消A-B-Bbehold beheld beheld 看bend bent bent 使弯曲bind bound bound 捆绑bleed bled bled 榨取breed bred bred 繁殖bring brought brought 带来build built built 建立burn burnt/burned burnt/burned 燃烧buy bought bought 买catch caught caught 抓住cling clung clung 坚持creep crept crept 爬deal dealt dealt 处理dig dug dug 挖dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed 做梦dwell dwelt/dwelled dwelt/dwelled 居住feed fed fed 喂feel felt felt 感觉2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）5fight fought fought 斗争find found found 找到flee fled fled 逃跑fling flung flung 掷foretell foretold foretold 预言grind ground ground 磨碎hang hung hung 悬挂have had had 有hear heard heard 听见hold held held 持有interbreed interbred interbredkeep kept kept 保持kneel knelt/kneeled knelt/kneeled 跪lay laid laid 位于lead led led 领导lean leant/leaned leant/leaned 倾斜leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped 跳跃learn learnt/learned learnt/learned 学习leave left left 离开lend lent lent 借给light lit/lighted lit/lighted 点亮lose lost lost 失去make made made 使mean meant meant 意味着meet met met 见面mishear misheard misheard 听错mislay mislaid mislaid 放错mislead misled misled 误导misspell misspelt/misspelled misspelt/misspelled 拼错misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood 误解mow mowed mowed 割outsell outsold outsold 卖的多overhang overhung overhung 悬于之上2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）6overhear overheard overheard 偷听overlay overlaid overlaid 覆盖overpay overpaid overpaid 多付oversell oversold oversold 卖空；吹嘘overshoot overshot overshot 做过头oversleep overslept overslept 睡过头pay paid paid 支付plead pled/pleaded pled/pleaded 恳求rebind rebound rebound 重捆rebuild rebuilt rebuilt 重建remake remade remade 改变repay repaid repaid 回报resell resold resold 转售rethink rethought rethought 反思rewind rewound rewound 重绕say said said 说seek sought sought 寻找sell sold sold 卖send sent sent 派shine shone/shined shone/shined 照shoot shot shot 射击sit sat sat 坐sleep slept slept 睡slide slid slid 滑动sling slung slung 吊起smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅speed sped/speeded sped/speeded 加速；促进spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled 拼spend spent spent 花费spin spun spun 旋转spoil spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled 溺爱spoon-feed spoon-fed spoon-fed 溺爱stand stood stood 站2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）7stick stuck stuck 坚持sting stung stung 刺string strung strung 悬挂；系sweep swept swept 扫去swing swung swung 摇摆teach taught taught 教tell told told 告诉think thought thought 想unbind unbound unbound 解开understand understood understood 懂unwind unwound unwound 解开；放松uphold upheld upheld 支撑weep wept wept 哭win won won 赢wind wound wound 缠绕wring wrung wrung 拧；绞A-B-Carise arose arisen 上升；出现awake awoke/awakened awoken 觉醒be was/were been 是bear bore born/borne 忍受；出现befall befell befallen 降临begin began begun 开始bite bit bitten 咬blow blew blown 吹break broke broken 打破choose chose chosen 选择dive dove dived 潜水do did done 做draw drew drawn 画drink drank drunk 喝drive drove driven 驾驶2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）8eat ate eaten 吃fall fell fallen 掉落fly flew flown 飞forbid forbade forbidden 禁止forego forewent foregone 放弃foresee foresaw foreseen 预见forget forgot forgotten 忘记forgive forgave forgiven 原谅forsake forsook forsaken 放弃freeze froze frozen 冻冰get got gotten 得到give gave given 给go went gone 走grow grew grown 成长hide hid hidden 隐藏interweave interwove interwoven 交织know knew known 知道lie lay lain 躺mistake mistook mistaken 弄错overdo overdid overdone 做得过分overdraw overdrew overdrawn 透支overeat overate overeaten 吃的过多overlie overlay overlain 躺在上面override overrode overridden 推翻oversee oversaw overseen 审查overtake overtook overtaken 赶上overthrow overthrew overthrown 推翻outdo outdid outdone 超过outgrow outgrew outgrown 过于成熟partake partook partaken 分担；分享prove proved proven 证明redo redid redone 重做rewrite rewrote rewritten 重写2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）9ride rode ridden 骑ring rang rung 响rise rose risen 上升see saw seen 看见sew sewed sewn 缝shake shook shaken 震动shear sheared shorn 剪show showed shown 显示shrink shrank shrunk 收缩sing sang sung 唱歌slay slew slain 杀死speak spoke spoken 说spring sprang sprung 生长steal stole stolen 偷stink stank stunk 发恶臭strew strewed strewn 散播stride strode stridden 跨过strike struck stricken 撞击strive strove striven 努力swear swore sworn 发誓swell swelled swollen 膨胀swim swam swum 游泳take took taken 带去tear tore torn 撕破throw threw thrown 扔tread trod trodden 践踏wake woke/waked woken/waked 醒wear wore worn 穿weave wove woven 编织withdraw withdrew withdrawn 撤回write wrote written 写2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）10非谓语词的形式非谓语词的形式形式结构形式结构：时间顺序主动被动非谓语与谓语同时发生doingbeing done/V+ed（及物动词+不接宾语或双宾语接一个宾语）非谓语先于谓语发生having donehaving been done非谓语后于谓语发生to doto be donedo did(谓语)done(非谓语)及物动词及物动词&不及物动词与语态的关系：不及物动词与语态的关系：1）及物动词可以直接接宾语买它！You buy it.(.bought that nonsense2005 年/阅读/text2)2）不及物动词不能直接接宾语你脸起皮了。Your skin peels.3）及物动词有被动语态先帝创业未半而中道崩殂，The God took the late emperor【from us】【before finishing his work】.主动语态The late emperor was taken？【from us】【before finishing his work】.被动语态4）不及物动词没有被动语态你卡粉了。Your foundation creased.5）被动语态不能直接接宾语今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。The empire is divided？in three,and our very survival is threatened？.6）接双宾语的及物动词的被动语态后接一个宾语 p37受任于败军之际。the late emperor gave me heavy responsibilities when we were facing defeats.I was given heavy responsibilities when we were facing defeats.2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）11（二二）系表结构系表结构系动词：1.表感官的系动词：look,sound,taste,smell,feel（这些词用这些词用形容词形容词作作表语表语）look(看，看起来.，外表/外相)sound（听起来.，健康/良性的）taste(尝起来.，口味，品味，喜好)smell(闻起来.，味道)，feel(感觉起来.，感到，觉得)2.表似乎的系动词：seem,appear(这些词用这些词用 to do 作表语作表语)3.表变化的系动词：become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run（这些词用这些词用形容词形容词/名词名词作作表语表语）4.表依旧的系动词：remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold（这些词用这些词用形容词形容词/名词名词作作表语表语）5.表状态的系动词：be6.表终止的系动词：prove,turn out,表达证实，变成之意(这些词用这些词用 to do 作作表语表语)表语：表语（形容主语名词）定语（修饰名词）1.形容词：Cuihua looks beautiful.Cuihuas voice sounds attractive.Cuihuas foot tastes salty.Cuihuas shoes smell sour.Cuihuas boyfriend feel high.2.名词：The glutton is the top dog.dog=人the bottom dog3.数量词：Cuihua is a quarter of five score years old.十 廿 卅 xi 圩 圆 进 枯 hua 百百百 bi4.代词:Your God are you.（你命由你不有天）god bless you.5.非谓语动词：1)doing（主动/进行/将来）“使(人).”动词 be interesting;be exciting;be satisfying;be surprising主被动：人作主语被动；物作主语主动2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）12surprise,excite,interest,convince,astonish,shock,amaze,puzzle,worry,frighten,inspire,tire,move,disappoint,encourage,please,amuse延续性动词 be reading;be writing;be standing;be sitting瞬间动词 be finishing;be coming;be arriving;be dying2)done（被动）be dissed;be betrayed;be picked up(PUA)3)to do（将来）All brilliant(that?has appeared in life)/is to be repaid for lonely.生命中曾经有过的所有灿烂，终究都需用寂寞来偿还。The man seemed to be ill.这个人好像病了。The plan proved to be useful.这个计划证明是有用的。He appears to know this.他好像知道这一点。The weather turned out to be fine.天气转晴了。He has grown to like studying English.他渐渐喜欢学英语了。6.介宾短语：Wisdom is in hold,and elegance is in mold.腹有诗书气自华。As long as money is in the pocket,the millet is in the storehouse,and wisdom isin hold,he must be the prime minister in the mountain.囊有钱，仓有粟，腹有诗书，便是山中宰相；As long as ones body is without disease,ones heart is without worry,and there isno creditor outside the door,he must be the gods of the earth.身无病，心无忧，门无债主，就是地上神仙。7.从句:be+引导词+从句亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。That The emperors of the Western Han/chose their courtiers wisely/was whytheir dynasty flourished.That The emperors of the Eastern Han/chose their courtiers poorly/was whythey doomed the empire to ruin.（三三）5+2 基本句型基本句型=主干主干5+2的的51.不及物动词：主语+谓语I came.I saw.I conquered.(Veni Vidi Vici)run vi.&vt.I run.I run a company.2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）132.及物动词：主语+谓语+宾语You bite me!3.感官&使&役动词：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语相当于宾语省略了 be动词的表语e.g sb.1 advise sb.2 to do sth.【例子】（一）补语名词(相当于宾语的表语)call/a gangster/is father 认贼作父name/the descendant of horse and donkey/is mule驴和马的后代叫骡子骡子=体内藏毒的人钱=米阅读中的“例证题”=例子 x+证明(结论)（二）补语形容词(相当于宾语的表语)When revisiting an old haunt after the novel coronavirus epidemic，it is a pity to findthe house is empty.疫情过后故地重游，遗憾的是发现人去楼空。Being at risk,you had better keep your head is calm.临危不乱（三）补语非谓语动词（doing/done/to do）(相当于宾语的表语)Neither riches nor honors can make him corrupted;富&贵不能淫，neither poverty nor humbleness can make him(to)swerve from principle;贫&贱不能移，and neither threats nor forces can make him subdued.威&武不能屈，He does not(to)know it.He can(to)speak English.see sb.be to diesee sb.is dying（四）副词（谓语+副词补语=词组）Turn it up/down/on/off拧4.双宾语动词双宾语动词：主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语Reality/gave/me+a slap inthe face.P375.系动词：主语+系语+表语My dream must come true(adj.).2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）145+2的的21.感官感官&使役动词使役动词被动语态：主语+be(系语)+done(表语；感官动词&使役动词的被动语态)+主语补足语My mother/encouraged/me/to take postgraduate entrance examination.I/was+encouraged/to take postgraduate entrance examination/【by mymother】.2.双宾语动词双宾语动词被动语态：主语+be(系语)+done(表语；双宾语动词的被动语态)+宾语Reality gave me a slap in the face.Aslap/was+given/me in the face【by reality】.修饰成分：定语，状语，同位语定语汉语：（定语+的）+中心名词英语：（前置定语）+中心名词+（后置定语）（一）前置定语（一）前置定语1）形容词：娘炮Sissy boy直男Astraightforward boy2）名词：渣男Jerk,Asshole,Alove rat直男Amale chauvinistvnst pig,a sexist boy3）形容词性物主代词：my/our/your/his/her/its/their+名词4）数量词：基数词/序数词/a.of 结构/n.s of+名词5）doing（现在分词）：暖男Caring boy 吃瓜群众Amelon-eatingonlooker(spectator)6）done（过去分词）：a stolen heart;a kept woman（二）后置定语（二）后置定语1）介宾短语瘦人：瘦人：the figure is of one.瘦成一道闪电瘦成一道闪电富人：富人：the person is of considerable means（财产财产）=the rich穷人：穷人：the person is of small means=the poor主席主席 chairman；chairperson2）形容词短语难以取悦的人 The man is so difficult to please2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）15适合结婚的女孩 The girl is suitable for marriage谦谦君子温润如玉 the modest(谦虚)fellow is gentle as a piece of jade两耳不闻窗外事的学习精神 The learning spirit is oblivious of the outside world,free and easy敏而好学的学习精神 the spirit is sensitive and eager to learn3）非谓语动词短语a.doing:废寝忘食 the man is neglecting sleep and foodb.done:沉迷于工作 the man is absorbed in the work;断壁残垣 the wall is broken into pieces and bits;窈窕淑女君子好逑 the fair lady is pursued by a crowd of menc.to do:the place is to sleep/study/read books敢作敢当的人 the man is to be bold(勇敢大胆)enough to do something and acceptresponsibility for it言出必行的人 The man is to suit the action to the word4）从句：先行词+引导词+从句适莽苍者，三餐而反，腹犹果然；适百里者，宿舂粮；适千里者，三月聚粮；.He who goes to the countryside taking three meals with him comes back with hisstomach as full as when he started.But he who travels a hundred miles must takeground rice enough for an overnight stay.And he who travels a thousand milesmust supply himself with provisions for three months.练习：画画的贝贝the baby is drawing a picture奔驰的小野马the wild horse is running at an amazingly high speed带刺的玫瑰the rose is with thorns宾语补足语相当于宾语的表语主语补足语相当于主语的表语后置定语相当于被修饰的名词的表语（三）冠词（三）冠词定语名词冠词（a/an/the）1.不定冠词不定冠词 a/an用法与含义1）表示一个，意为 one；指某人或某物，意为 a certain。2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）16例：AMr.Lee is waiting for you.某个姓李的先生对我正在翘首期盼。My girl is a being that needs my caring.我的女人是一种需要男人呵护的生物。It was sunny and you were wearing a white shirt.（那时候爱上一个人不是因为你有车有房,而是）那天阳光很好，而你穿了一件白衬衫。2）代表一类人或物。例：Aknife is a tool for cutting with.刀是是一种用来切割的工具。Michael Scofield is a structural engineer.迈克尔斯科菲尔德是一枚结构工程师。3）用于泛指人或事物例：She wanted to rent an apartment near the campus.她想在学校附近租一套房子。Before she left for London,Sally sent me a picture of herself.萨莉动身去伦敦前送给我一张她的照片。其他：其他：make a guess at（猜测）make a difference between（区分）in a moment（过一会儿）in a sense（在某种意义上）in a way（在某种程度上）once in a while（间或）have an advantage over（优于）have an edge（略胜过）as a result（因此）as a rule（通常）as a whole（总体上说）4）用于某些词组中。这种用法是约定俗成的，我们只有遵从，没有别的选择。例：have a rest（休息）have a look（瞧 瞧）take a shower（淋浴）2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）17take a break（休息）have a cold（患感冒）get a fever（发烧）develop into a habit（养成习惯）make a living（谋生）2.定冠词定冠词 the1）上文提到）上文提到2）你知我知）你知我知3）独一无二）独一无二the sun 太阳the earth 地球the sky 天空the world 世界the West Lake 西湖the Great Wall 长城the Pacific Ocean 太平洋the Yellow River 黄河the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡the working class 工人阶级the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党The Spring Festival 春节The Dragon Boat Festival 龙舟节（端午节）The Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节4）修饰限定the house where Luxun once lived 鲁迅住过的房子the first steamed bun of the seven steamed buns 七个馒头里的第一个馒头the brightest star in the night sky is Sirius.夜空中最亮的星是天狼星。a/an+前置定语+名词the+名词+后置定语状语状语2022 年考研英语核心语法讲义（王泉）18语序差异语序差异汉语：主+状+谓/系表英语：状+主+状+谓/系+状+宾/表+状【例子】1.你脸跟脖子不是一个色。The color of your face/is different【from the one of your neck】.The color of your face/【from the one of your neck】is different.2.然侍卫之臣,不懈【于内】,忠志之士,忘身【于外】者,盖追（先帝之）殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。However,the ministers/are not disheartened【in the capital】,and the loyalwarriors/do not fear/death【outside the capital】,because they remember thegenerous treatment(that they received from the Late Emperor）,and wish to repay hiskindness【by serving Your Majesty well】.（一）（一）副词副词一日三省吾身一日三省吾身I【daily】examine myself on three points.I examine myself twice a day.三思而行三思而行 think twice before doing sth.我曾经跨过山河大海我曾经跨过山河大海I once traveled by climbing up hills and wading over/through seas.（二）（二）介宾短语介宾短语臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。I was of humble origin,and used to lead the life of a peasant in Nanyang.In thosedays,I only hoped to survive in such a chaotic era.I did not aspire to becomefamous among