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经胸超声心动图联合心脏超声造影诊断右室憩室1例.pdf
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超声 心动 联合 心脏 造影 诊断 右室憩室
临床超声医学杂志2023年10月第25卷第10期J Clin Ultrasound in Med,October 2023,Vol.25,No.1012 刘中华,王小莉,吕国荣,等.人工智能自动识别胎儿颜面部超声标准切面的研究 J.中国医学物理学杂志,2021,38(12):1575-1578.13 Wu L,Cheng JZ,Li S,et al.FUIQA:fetal ultrasound image qualityassessment with deep convolutional networks J.IEEE Trans Cybern,2017,47(5):1336-1349.14 HareendranathanAR,ChahalBS,ZonoobiD,etal.Artificialintelligence to automatically assess scan quality in hip ultrasound J.Indian J Orthop,2020,55(6):1535-1542.(收稿日期:2023-01-31)病例报道 患者男,60 岁,因“反复胸闷、气促 1年余,加重1个月”就诊,既往高血压病史3年,规律服药,血压控制可。体格检查:心率84次/min,血压138/86 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),心浊音界扩大,三尖瓣区可闻及3级收缩期杂音。心电图提示:心房扑动,完全性右束支传导阻滞。经胸超声心动图检查:右室心尖处“囊袋样”无回声区向心尖凸起,颈部宽约 6.5 mm,深约37.0 mm,与右室相通,无回声区周边可见心肌组织与右室心肌相连续;CDFI于舒张期见右室腔内血流进入无回声区内,收缩期见无回声区血流进入右室内(图1)。超声心动图提示:右室心尖处无回声区,考虑右室心尖部憩室形成,建议行心脏超声造影进一步检查。左心声学造影检查:右室心尖处局部呈“囊袋样”向外凸出,大小约35 mm25 mm,造影剂充盈其内,心内膜显示清晰,其周围可见心肌组织。左心声学造影提示:右室心尖部憩室形成(图 2)。冠状动脉造影检查:左主干未见狭窄,左前降支中段狭窄85%,回旋支管壁欠规则(第二钝缘支狭窄70%80%),右冠状动脉近段狭窄50%。冠状动脉造影提示:冠心病,3支血管病变。后行冠状动脉搭桥、三尖瓣置换及临时起搏导线安置术,术中发现右室心尖部见一大小约20 mm25 mm憩室,临床诊断为右室心尖部憩室。讨论:心脏憩室是一种罕见的先天性心脏畸形,由于胚胎时期心内膜发育异常,局部心肌组织减少或缺失,导致房室壁薄弱膨出1。心室憩室按组织类型可分为肌型憩室和纤维型憩室,其中肌型憩室与周围心室壁同步舒缩运动,纤维型憩室存在运动障碍2。该病好发于心室心尖部,左室发病多于右室,发病率分别约3.4%和0.6%2,多见于儿童,常伴有其他先天性心脏畸;成人较少见,多为孤立性憩室3,常无明显临床症状,多于超声心动图检查时偶然发现。本例为老年患者,因胸闷、气促就诊,超声心动图检查发现右室憩室,左心声学造影示其内见心肌Right ventricular diverticulum diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiographycombined with contrast-enhanced echocardiography:a case report经胸超声心动图联合心脏超声造影诊断右室憩室1例孙丹丹景香香中图法分类号 R540.45文献标识码 B作者单位:570311海口市,海南省人民医院超声科通讯作者:景香香,Email:A、B:心尖部无回声区,与右室相通(箭头示);C、D:舒张期见右室腔内血流进入无回声区内,收缩期见无回声区血流进入右室内。RA:右房;RV:右室;RVD:右室憩室图1本例患者经胸超声心动图表现ABCD(下转第779页)774临床超声医学杂志2023年10月第25卷第10期J Clin Ultrasound in Med,October 2023,Vol.25,No.10Med,2013,188(2):213-219.5Cavayas YA,Eljaiek R,Rodrigue,et al.Preoperative diaphragmfunction is associated with postoperative pulmonary complicationsafter cardiac surgery J.Crit Care Med,2019,47(12):966-974.6Chu SE,Lu JX,Chang SC,et al.Point-of-care application ofdiaphragmatic ultrasonography in the emergency department for theprediction of development of respiratory failure in community-acquired pneumonia:a pilot study J.Front Med,2022,9(8):960847.7McCool FD,Oyiengo DO,Koo P.The utility of diaphragm ultrasoundin reducing time to extubation J.Lung,2020,198(3):499-505.8Lim WS,Baudouin SV,George RC,et al.BTS Guidelines for theManagement of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Adults:Update2009 J.Thorax,2009,64(Suppl 3):1-55.9SpiesshoeferJ,HerkenrathS,HenkeC,etal.Evaluationofrespiratory muscle strength and diaphragm ultrasound:normativevalues,theoretical considerations,and practical recommendationsJ.Respiration,2020,99(5):369-381.10 Scarlata S,Mancini D,Laudisio A,et al.Reproducibility and clinicalcorrelates of supine diaphragmatic motion measured by M-modeultrasonography in healthy volunteers J.Respiration,2018,96(3):259-266.11 Elshazly MI,Kamel KM,Elkorashy RI,et al.Role of bedsideultrasonography in assessment of diaphragm function as a predictorof success of weaning in mechanically ventilated patients J.TubercRespir Dis(Seoul),2020,83(4):295-302.12 Grn Kaya A,Verdi EB,Ssl SN,et al.Can diaphragm excursionpredict prognosis in patients with severe pneumonia?J.TuberkToraks,2021,69(4):510-519.13 AdolfHM,MagdyML,HasaninA,etal.Thenoveluseofdiaphragmatic excursion on hospital admission to predict the needfor ventilatory support in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 J.Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med,2021,40(6):100976.14 马金兰,杨光飞,杨红晓,等.脓毒症患者膈肌功能障碍的床旁超声评估的应用价值研究 J.中华急诊医学杂志,2022,31(5):650-657.15 Supinski GS,Wang W,Callahan LA.Caspase and calpain activationboth contribute to sepsis-induced diaphragmatic weakness J.J Appl Physiol(1985),2009,107(5):1389-1396.16 Greising SM,Ottenheijm CAC,O Halloran KD,et al.Diaphragmplasticity in aging and disease:therapies for muscle weakness gofrom strength to strength J.J Appl Physiol(1985),2018,125(2):243-253.17 Le Neindre A,Philippart F,Luperto M,et al.Diagnostic accuracy ofdiaphragm ultrasound to predict weaning outcome:a systematicreview and Meta-analysis J.Int J Nurs Stud,2021,117(1):103890.18 Santana PV,Cardenas LZ,de Albuquerque ALP,et al.Diaphragmaticultrasound:a review of its methodological aspects and clinical usesJ.J Bras Pneumol,2020,46(6):e20200064.(收稿日期:2023-02-27)及心内膜组织,与心室壁同步收缩和舒张,未合并其他心脏畸形及憩室引起的相关并发症,考虑为右室孤立性肌型憩室。超声心动图具有实时动态成像、无辐射、简便、经济等特点,是心脏憩室的首选检查方法。本例超声心动图表现为典型的狭窄颈部及囊带状突起,并与右室腔相通,憩室壁与右室壁同步运动,收缩期见憩室内血流进入右室,舒张期右室内血流流入憩室,与Yao等4报道的肌型憩室表现相似。心脏超声造影较常规超声心动图能更清晰显示心内膜及心肌组织,评估室壁运动及厚度,提高对憩室、肿瘤、结构异常等心脏疾病的诊断准确率5。本例憩室处无节段性室壁运动异常、运动减弱及回声增强等心肌梗死表现,左心声学造影进一步证实憩室处心肌连续性完整,未见断裂。本病需与室壁瘤、假性室壁瘤、心室疝、心包囊肿等鉴别,检查时可结合病史及多种检查方法进行诊断,特别是超声心动图联合心脏超声造影可清晰显示憩室处心内膜及心肌的结构,有助于憩室的诊断。对于无症状及有并发症的心脏憩室患者,应密切追踪观察,若合并血栓形成、心脏破裂和瓣膜异常等心脏疾病,应根据个体化差异,采取积极的诊疗措施,以降低致病率及提高存活率。参考文献1赵月,王钰,宋文娟,等.左室憩室伴二尖瓣重度关闭不全一例 J.中国心血管杂志,2021,26(2):186-188.2雷亚莉,熊峰.心室憩室的诊治进展 J.心血管病学进展,2019,40(8):1154-1157.3Shah D,Kumar CP,Shah MS,et al.Case series:congenital leftventricular diverticulum J.Indian J Radiol Imaging,2010,20(3):211-214.4Yao M,Wang R,Ye W,et al.Surgical treatment of congenital leftventricular diverticulum J.J Thorac Dis,2021,13(1):291-298.5Lindner JR.Contrast echocardiography:current status and futuredirections J.Heart,2021,107(1):18-24.(收稿日期:2023-01-16)ABA、B:造影剂向“囊袋状”无回声区填充(箭头示),大小约35 mm25 mm,心内膜边缘及心肌显示清晰,周边可见心肌组织与右室心肌相连续。RV:右室;RVD:右室憩室图2本例患者左心声学造影表现(上接第774页)779

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