2018年逐词逐句精讲册(1).pdf

2018年逐词逐句精讲册Section IUse of English为何信任是我们与生俱来的本能光原文朗读词汇讲解P第一段DTrust is a tricky business.【词汇注释】trusttrAstn.信任；信赖businessbiznasn.事务；难事；讨厌的事；trickytrkia.难以提摸的：玄妙的关心的事等【结构切分】Trustisa tricky business主语系动词表语【全句译文】信任是件玄妙的事。2On the one hand,its a necessary condition for many worthwhile things:child care,friendships,etc.【词汇注释】on the one hand.(on the other hand.)一方worthwhile,w3:0wala,值得的：有价值的面（另一方面）child care儿童看护necessarynesosoria.必要的friendshipfrendpn.友情；友谊conditionkandjnn.(影响某事发生的)条件【结构切分】On the one hand,itsa necessary condition for.things:child care.etc.状语主语+系动词表语后置定语同位语【全句译文】一方面，对诸如儿童看护、友谊等许多有价值的事情来说，信任是一项必要条件。3On the other hand,putting your faith in the wrong place often carries a high price.【词汇注释】put ones faith in.将信心/信任置于high price高昂代价carrykeiv.带有，带来（某种结果或后果）【结构切分】On the other hand,putting your faith in the wrong place often carries a high price.状语主语谓语部分【全句译文】但另一方面，错置你的信任往往会承受高昂代价。1第二段1Then,why do we trust at all?2Well,because it feels good.【词汇注释】hendcnad.那么：既然如此feel good感觉良好at all究竟【结构切分】句：Then,whydo we trust at all?状语疑问副词主语+谓语状语Well,becauseit句：feels good.状语连词主语系动词表语【全句译文】那么，我们究竟为什么要信任（他人）呢？嗯，因为这样感觉好。3When people place their trust in an individual or an institution,their brains release oxytocin,ahormone that produces pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans toconnect with one another.【词汇注释】place ones trust in相信；信任pleasurableple3 arabla.愉快的individuallndvd3ualn.个人triggertrg3(r)v引起；触发institution,Instrtju:jnn.机构herding instinct群居本能（即羊群效应）releaserrlis.释放prompt sb to do sth促使某人做某事oxytocin,okrtausinn.催产素connect with连接：与联系hormoneho:maunn.激素：荷尔蒙one another彼此【结构切分】主句：their brains releaseoxytocin.a hormone时间状When people place ttheir trust in.institution.主语谓语宾语oxytocin的同位语语从句引导词主语谓语宾语状语（表对象）a hormonef的定语从句thatproduces pleasurable feelings andtriggers the herding instinct引导词谓语1宾语1连词谓语2宾语2个the herding instinct的定语从句that prompts humans to connect with one another.引导词谓语宾语宾语补足语【全句译文】当人们对某个人或机构寄予信任时，大脑会释放出催产素，即一种能产生愉悦感并触发群居本能的荷尔蒙，这种本能会促使人类彼此间相互联系。4Scientists have found that exposure to this hormone puts us in a trusting mood:In a Swiss study,researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects;those subjects were ready to lendsignificantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their counterparts who inhaledsomething else.23Sixty toddlers were each introduced to an adult tester holding a plastic container.【词汇注释】toddlertodl3(r)n.学步的儿童testertesta(r)n.测试员be introduced to被引见给：被介绍给plasticplastika.塑料的adultedAlta.成年的containerkanteina(r)n.容器【结构切分】Sixty toddlerswere each introduced to an adult tester holding a plastic container.主语被动态谓语+状语状语（表对象）an.tester的后置定语【全句译文】60名学步童被各自引导着与一位手持塑料容器的成人测试员认识。4The tester would ask,Whats in here?before looking into the container,smiling,andexclaiming,“Wowl”【词汇注释】look into.朝内部看exclaimkskleimv.惊叫【结构切分】The tester would ask,“Whats in here?”before looking into.exclaiming,“Wow！主语谓语直接引语时间状语【全句译文】测试员会问：“这里面是什么呢？”，然后他笑着朝容器内部看，同时惊呼道，“哇！”5Each subject was then invited to look inside.【词汇注释】be invited to do.被邀请做【结构切分】Each subject was then invited to look inside.主语被动态谓语部分【全句译文】随后测试员请每一位受试儿童往里看。6Half of them found a toy;the other half discovered the container was empty-and realized thetester had fooled them.【词汇注释】discoverdskAv(r).发现realizeri:3larzv.意识到emptyemptia.空的foolfulv.欺骗【结构切分】分句1：Half of them found a toy;主语谓语宾语the other half discovered-and realizedrealized(that)the tester had fooled them分句2：主语谓语1连词谓语2宾语从句引导词主语谓语宾语discovered的宾语从句(that)the container wasempty引导词主语系动词表语【全句译文】他们中的一半人发现了一个玩具：另外一半人发现容器是空的一并意识到测试员欺骗了他们。第四段DAmong the children who had not been tricked,the majority were willing to cooperate with thetester in learning a new skill,demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.【词汇注释】tricktrk欺骗cooperate with.与合作；配合majoritymad3 Dratin.大多数demonstratedemanstreitv.表明be willing to do愿意做leadershipli:daipn.领导：指挥【结构切分】the majority werewilling to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill,主句：主语系动词表语部分状语（表范围）结果状语Among the childrendemonstratingthat they trusted his leadership.the childrent的定语从句现在分词作结果状语demonstrating的宾语从句（主+谓+宾）who had not been tricked.引导词被动态谓语【全句译文】在那些未受过欺骗的孩子中，大部分人乐意配合测试员去学习一项新技能，这表明他们信任他的指挥。2In contrast,only five of the 30 children paired with the unreliabletester participated in afollow-up activity.【词汇注释】in contrast相比之下participate in参与be paired with.与组对follow-upfplau Apa.后续的unreliablenrlarabla.不可靠的；不能信赖的【结构切分】In contrast,only five of the 30 childrenpaired with.testerparticipated in a follow-up activity.状语主语the30 children的后置定语谓语宾语【全句译文】相比之下，与“不可靠的”测试员组对的30名孩子中，只有5名参与了后续活动。5Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText1机器人vs中产阶级tP第一段原文朗读词汇讲解Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned inthe next presidential campaign:What happens when the robots come for their jobs?【词汇注释】annoyingn3IIga.使恼怒的：使烦恼的go unmentioned不被提及challengetfalind3.挑战presidential campaign总统大选the middle class中产阶级come for来强行带走【结构切分】thatwill probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign:引导词系动词+状语表语状语one的定语从句主句：Among the annoying challenges facing the middle classisone表语系动词主语one的同位语Whathappens when the robots come for their jobs?疑问代词作主语谓语时间状语（从句）【全句译文】中产阶级面临的恼人挑战之中，有一项很可能在下届总统大选中完全不被提及：当机器人来抢其工作时，会发生什么？第二段1Dont dismiss that possibility entirely.【词汇注释】dismissdsmsv.拒绝考虑；不接受entirelyntarliad.完全地：全部地possibilitypDs3bilatin.可能性：可能【结构切分】Dont dismiss that possibilityentirely.谓语宾语状语【全句译文】切勿完全否定上述可能。2About half of U.S.jobs are at high risk of being automated,according to a University of Oxfordstudy,with the middle class disproportionately squeezed.6