2013年逐词逐句精讲册(1).pdf

2013年逐词逐句精讲册Section I Use of English只考虑局部信息会使人在做出决定时产生偏见原文朗读词汇讲解第一段1People are,on the whole,poor at considering background information when making individualdecisions.【词汇注释】on the whole总体而言background information背景信息be poor at doing sth不擅长做某事make decisions作决定considerknsIde(r)v.仔细考虑：参考individualndrvId3uala.单个的；个别的【结构切分】on the whole,插入语主句：People are,poor at considering.information时间状语从句when(they are)makingindividual decisions主语谓语宾语引导词主语谓语宾语【全句译文】总体而言，人们在作单个决定时，并不擅长参考背景信息。2At first glance this might seem like a strength that grants the ability to make judgments whichare unbiased by external factors.【词汇注释】at first glance乍一看；乍看之下judgmentd3Ad3mantn.判断；决定seem like似乎biasbasv.影响（以致产生偏差）strengthstren0n.优势；优点externalkst3:nla.外界的：外部的grantgra:ntv.准予；赋予factorfkta(r)n.因素；要素ability3rlatin.能力【结构切分】whichare unbiasedby external factors.At first glance引导词作主语被动态谓语状语状语judgmentsf的定语从句this might seem like a strengthstrength的that主句grants the ability to make judgments主语系动词表语定语从句引导词作主语谓语宾语abilityf的后置定语【全句译文】乍看之下，这似乎是种优势，赋予了人们做出不受外界因素影响的判断的能力。3But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big picture was leadingdecision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with.【结构切分】To test this idea,heturned to the university-admissions process目的状语主语谓语宾语【全句译文】为检验这一想法，他开始研究大学录取过程。2In theory,the success of an applicant should not depend on the few others chosen randomly forinterview during the same day,but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.【词汇注释】in theory理论上；按理说randomlyraendomliad.随机地；随意地applicanteplrkantn.申请者；申请人interviewintavju:n.面试；面谈depend on取决于；由决定suspectsaspektv.怀疑choosetuzv.选取；抽取otherwise圈AoowaIza.并非如此的；另外情况下的【结构切分】分句1：In theory,the success of an applicant should not depend on the few others chosen randomly for interview during the same day.状语主语谓语宾语othersf的后置定语时间状语but分句2：Dr Simonsohn suspectedsuspectedthe truth was otherwise连词主语谓语宾语从句主语系动词表语【全句译文】理论上，一位申请者的成功不应取决于在同一天被随机抽取参加面试的其他几位申请者，但西蒙逊博士怀疑事实并非如此。第三段1He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews conducted by 31 admissions officers.【词汇注释】studystAdiv.研究；调查conductkndAkty,组织；进行resultrrzltn.结果：成果officerDfisa(r)n.工作人员【结构切分】Hestudied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews conducted by 31 admissions officers主语谓语宾语interviews的后置定语【全句译文】他研究了由31位招生人员进行的9323场MBA面试的结果。2The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five.【词汇注释】interviewerIntovju:a(r)n.面试官scaleskeln.等级：级别rateretv.划分等级：评级on a scale of按照.等级【结构切分】The interviewers had rated applicantson a scale of one to five.主语谓语宾语方式状语【全句译文】面试官将申请者按照1到5的等级分级。33This scale took numerous factors into consideration.【词汇注释】take.into consideration把考虑在内numerousnju:mar3sa.许多的：众多的【结构切分】This scale tooknumerous factors into consideration主语谓语宾语状语【全句译文】这一评分等级会考虑多方因素。4The scores were then used in conjunction with an applicants score on the Graduate ManagementAdmission Test,or GMAT,a standardised exam which is marked out of 800 points,to make adecision on whether to accept him or her.【词汇注释】scoresko:(r)n.分数；成绩standardisestandadaizv.使标准化in conjunction with sb./sth与某人/某物一起markmarky.打分：评分Graduate Management Admission Test管理学研make a decision作决定究生入学考试acceptkseptv.接受（为学生、会员等）：录取【结构切分】to make a decision on whether to accept him or herwhichis marked out of 800 points目的状语decisionf的后置定语引导词作主语被动态谓语状语were.used的目的状语a standardised exam的定语从句主句：The scoreswere then used in conjunction with an applicants scoreon.GMAT,a standardised exam主语被动态谓语+状语介词短语作方式状语scorel的后置定语GMAT的同位语【全句译文】该分数随后与申请者的管理学研究生入学考试（即GMAT考试，一种从800分的满分中评分的标准化测试)分数一起，被用来决定是否录取该申请者。第四段DDr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was0.75 points or more higher than that of the one before that,then the score for the next applicantwould drop by an average of 0.075 points.【词汇注释】previouspri:viosa.先前的；之前的3intervieweeIntovju:i:n.面试者：应试者candidatekandidotn.申请者；应试者dropdrop.降低；减少a series of一系列的averageevarid3n.平均数：平均值【结构切分】ifthe score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was0.75 points or more higher than.before that.引导词主语candidate的后置定语系动词表语比较状语条件状语从句Dr Simonsohn foundfound的then the score for the next applicant would drop by an average of 0.075 points主句：主语谓语宾语从句状语主语谓语状语【全句译文】西蒙逊博士发现，如果在一天的面试者序列中，前一位应试者的分数比他/她前一位高0.75分或更多，那么下一位申请者的分数平均会降低0.075。2This might sound small,but to undo the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.【词汇注释】smalsm3:la.(数量)小的；些微的otherwiseAd3waIzad.用别的方法：在另外的undoAndu:】.消除；抵消情况下effectrfektn.影响：结果necessarynes3s3ria.必需的：必要的decreasedi:krisn.下降；减少【结构切分】分句1：This might sound small,than would otherwise have been necessary主语系动词表语引导词系动词+状语表语比较状语从句分句2：but to undo the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points连词目的状语主语谓语宾语【全句译文】这也许听起来微乎其微，但要抵消这一下降所带来的影响，则应试者的GMAT成绩将需要比正常情况下所需的分数高出30分。SectionReading Comprehension5Part AText1快时尚：廉价服饰，高昂代价艺的留第一段原文朗读词汇讲解1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep,scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her.【词汇注释】versionv3jnn.版本；改编形式unattractivena3traktva.不悦目的：不吸引人的playple.扮演：饰演imaginemed3nv.猜测；认为scoldskauldv.训斥；责骂high fashion高端时尚【结构切分】In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada,状语主句：Miranda Priestly,scolds her unattractive assistant原因状语for imagining主语谓语宾语imagining的宾语从句Miranda Priestly的后置定语that high fashion doesnt affect her.played by Meryl Streep,引导词主语谓语宾语【全句译文】2006电影版时尚女魔头中，梅丽尔斯特里普所饰演的米兰达普瑞斯特利在斥责其毫不引人注目的助理，原因是她认为高端时尚与己无关。5