2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）.pdf

世纪文都教育科技集团股份有限公司地址：北京市海淀区西三环北路 72 号世纪经贸大厦 B 座电话：010-88820136传真：010-88820119网址：20162016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二二)真题真题关注文都网校考研公众号领取更多考研资料Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Happy people work differently.Theyre more productive,more creative,and willing to takegreater risks.And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work,too.Companies located in place with happier people invest more,according to a recent researchpaper.2,firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).Thats becausehappiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come withhappiness would 5 the way companies invested.So they compared U.S.cities average happiness6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough,firms investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the世纪文都教育科技集团股份有限公司地址：北京市海淀区西三环北路 72 号世纪经贸大厦 B 座电话：010-88820136传真：010-88820119网址：area in which they were 8.But it is really happiness thats linked to investment,or couldsomething else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D?To find out,theresearches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size,industry,and sales-and-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in,like growth in wages or population.They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms,which the authors 13 to less confined decision making process and the possible presence ofyounger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.Therelationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16.Firms seem toinvest more in places.17 this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-termview,the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility.Its not hard to imagine that local cultureand sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future.It surely seems plausiblethat happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than theaverage,said one researcher.1.A whyB whereC howD when2.A In returnB In particularC In contrastD In conclusion3.A sufficientB famousC perfectD necessary4.A individualismB modernismC optimismD realism5.A echoB missC spoilD change6.A imaginedB measuredC inventedD assumed7.A sureB oddC unfortunateD often8.A advertisedB dividedC overtaxedD headquartered9.A explainB overstateC summarizeD emphasize10.A stagesB factorsC levelsD methods11.A desirableB sociableC reputableD reliable12.A resumedB heldC emergedD broke世纪文都教育科技集团股份有限公司地址：北京市海淀区西三环北路 72 号世纪经贸大厦 B 座电话：010-88820136传真：010-88820119网址：13.A attributeB assignC transferD compare14.A seriousB civilizedC ambitiousD experienced15.A thusB insteadC alsoD never16.A rapidlyB regularlyC directlyD equally17.A AfterB UntilC WhileD Since18.A arrivesB jumpsC hintsD strikes19.A shapeB rediscoverC simplifyD share20.A pray forB lean towardsC give awayD send actSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning computer science incollege.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses,said TomCortina,the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellons School of Computer Science.However,Cortina said,early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computerscience,they learn that its not just a confusing,endless string of letters and numbers-but a toolto build apps,or create artwork,or test hypotheses.Its not as hard for them to transform theirthought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks andusing code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase thenumber of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap,Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college,where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim,which can drive theless-experienced or-determined students away.世纪文都教育科技集团股份有限公司地址：北京市海淀区西三环北路 72 号世纪经贸大厦 B 座电话：010-88820136传真：010-88820119网址：The Flatiron School,where people pay to learn programming,started as one of the manycoding bootcamps thats become popular for adults looking for a career change.Thehigh-schoolers get the same curriculum,but we try to gear lessons toward things theyreinterested in,said Victoria Friedman,an instructor.For instance,one of the apps the studentsare developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school and build the nextFacebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover,so the Ruby on Rails language theylearned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they learn-how to think logically through a problem and organize the results-apply to any coding language,said Deborah Seehorn,an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of codersis not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-intheir pockets,in their offices,in their homes-for the rest of their lives,The younger they learnhow computers think,how to coax the machine into producing what they want-the earlier theylearn that they have the power to do that-the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _A complete future job trainingB remodel the way of thinkingC formulate logical hypothesesD perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers,Flatiron has considered their_A experienceB interestC career prospectsD academic backgrounds23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will _A help students learn other computer languages世纪文都教育科技集团股份有限公司地址：北京市海淀区西三环北路 72 号世纪经贸大厦 B 座电话：010-88820136传真：010-88820119网址：B have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC need improving when students look for jobsD enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph,Flatiron students are expected to _A bring forth innovative computer technologiesB stay longer in the information technology industryC become better prepared for the digitalized worldD compete with a future army of programmers25.The word coax(Line4,Para.6)is closest in meaning to _A persuadeB frightenC misguideD challengeText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens-a kind of bird living onstretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern andsouthwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today,occupying about 16%ofthe species historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS)decided to formallylist the bird as threatened.The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,said USFWSDirector Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They had pushed theagency to designate the bird as endangered,a status that gives federal officials greaterregulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the threatenedtag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new,potentially less confrontationalconservations approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with westernstate governments,which are often uneasy with federal action.and with the private landownerswho control an estimated 95%of the prairie chickens habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or世纪文都教育科技集团股份有限公司地址：北京市海淀区西三环北路 72 号世纪经贸大厦 B 座电话：010-88820136传真：010-88820119网址：businesses that unintentionally kill,harm,or disturb the bird,as long as they had signed arange-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and thestates,the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of theiroperations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitablehabitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat,USFWS alsoset an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birdsover the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies(WAFWA),a coalition of state agencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,the idea is to letstates remain in the driver s seat for managing the species,Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric.Some Congress members are trying to block theplan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups arechallenging it in federal court.Not surprisingly,doesnt go far enough.The federal government isgiving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is_.Aits drastically decreased populationBthe underestimate of the grassland acreageCa desperate appeal from some biologistsDthe insistence of private landowners27.The threatened tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_.Awas a give-in to governmental pressureBwould involve fewer agencies in actionCgranted less federal regulatory powerDwent against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecutedif they_.Aagree to pay a sum for compensationBvolunteer to set up an equally big habitat世纪文都教育科技集团股份有限公司地址：北京市海淀区西三环北路 72 号世纪经贸大厦 B 座电话：010-88820136传真：010-88820119网址：Coffer to support the WAFWA monitoring jobDpromise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe,the leading role in managing the species in_.Athe federal governmentBthe wildlife agenciesCthe landownersDthe states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_.Aindustry groupsBthe win-win rhetoricCenvironmental groupsDthe plan under challengeText 3That everyones too busy these days is a clich.But one specific complaint is made especiallymournfully:Theres never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques dontseem sufficient.The webs full of articles offering tips on making time to read:Give up TV orCarry a book with you at all times.But in my experience,using such methods to free up the odd30 minutes doesnt work.Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keepsspinning-or else youre so exhausted that a challenging books the last thing you need.Themodern mind,Tim Parks,a novelist and critic,writes,is overwhelmingly inclined towardcommunicationIt is not simply that one is interrupted;it is that one is actually inclined tointerruption.Deep reading requires not just time,but a special kind of time which cant beobtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact,becoming more efficient is part of the problem.Thinking of time as a resource tobe maximised means you approach it instrumentally,judging any given moment as well spentonly in so far as it advances progress toward some goal.Immersive reading,by contrast,depends世纪文都教育科技集团股份有限公司地址：北京市海淀区西三环北路 72 号世纪经贸大厦 B 座电话：010-88820136传真：010-88820119网址：on being willing to risk inefficiency,goallessness,even time-wasting.Try to slot it as a to-do listitem and youll manage only goal-focused reading-useful,sometimes,but not the most fulfillingkind.The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infiniteconveyor belt,writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time,and we feel a pressure to fill thesedifferent-sized bottles(days,hours,minutes)as they pass,for if they get by without being filled,we will have wasted them.No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work?Perhaps surprisingly,scheduling regular times for reading.Youd thinkthis might fuel the efficiency mind-set,but in fact,Eberle notes,such ritualistic behaviour helpsus step outside times flow into soul time.You could limit distractions by reading only physicalbooks,or on single-purpose e-readers.Carry a book with you at all times can actually work,too-providing you dip in often enough,so that reading becomes the default state from which youtemporarily surface to take care of business,before dropping back down.On a really good day,itno longer feels as if youre making time to read,but just reading,and making time foreverything else.31.The usual time-management techniques dont work because.A what they can offer does not ease the modern mindB what challenging books demand is repetitive readingC what people often forget is carrying a book with themD what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.The empty bottles metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to.A update their to-do listsB make passing time fulfillingC carry their plans throughD pursue carefree reading33.Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps.A encourage the efficiency mind-setB develop online reading habitsC promote ritualistic reading世纪文都教育科技集团股份有限公司地址：北京市海淀区西三环北路 72 号世纪经贸大厦 B 座电话：010-88820136传真：010-88820119网址：D achieve immersive reading34.Carry a book with you at all times can work if.A reading becomes your primary business of the dayB all the daily business has been promptly dealt withC you are able to drop back to business after readingD time can be evenly split for reading and business35.The best title for this text could be.A How to Enjoy Easy ReadingB How to Find Time to ReadC How to Set Reading GoalsD How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure,youngerAmericans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success,a latest poll has found.Across generational lines,Americans continue to prize many of the same traditionalmilestones of a successful life,including getting married,having children,owning a home,andretiring in their sixties.But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish lineof a fulfilling life,they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults toprioritize personal fulfillment in their work,to believe they will advance their careers most byregularly changing jobs,to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life,to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children,andto maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home,the surveyfound.From career to community and family,these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of thesearing Great Recession,t