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22 考研冲刺点睛讲义：阅读理解（二）讲授：张建新浪微博凸凸不秃1一一细节题方法论（重中之重）细节题方法论（重中之重）5pWhat makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in themarket.Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggestproblem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The threeDsdeath,debt and divorcestill deliver works of art to the market.But anyone who does nothave to sell is keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are _.A auction houses favoritesB contemporary trendsC factors promoting artwork circulationD styles representing impressionists3pThe system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century.Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that amajority of states made women eligible for jury duty.Even then several states automaticallyexempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on thejury list.This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home,and it keptjuries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_.A they were automatically banned by state lawsB they fell far short of the required qualificationsC they were supposed to perform domestic dutiesD they tended to evade public engagement1pRuth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000;a yearlater she became president of Brown University.For the rest of the decade she apparentlymanaged both roles without attracting much criticism.But by the end of 2009 Ms.Simmonswas under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee;how could she have letthose enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked?By February the next year Ms.Simmons hadleft the board.The position was just taking up too much time,she said.21.According to Paragraph 1,Ms.Simmons was criticized for_.A gaining excessive profitsB failing to fulfill her duty2C refusing to make compromisesD leaving the board in tough times3pEconomic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living.The phrase“less is more”was actually first popularized by a German,the architect Ludwig Mies van derRohe,who like other people associated with the Bauhaus,a school of design,emigrated to theUnited States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools.Thesedesigners came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture,but nonemore so than Mies.32.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?AIt was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.BIts designing concept was affected by World War II.CMostAmerican architects used to be associated with it.DIt had a great influence upon American architecture.3pI had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what isnatural to kids,including our core beliefs about their psychological development.Take thetoddle.I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research intochildrens behavior:wrong.Turns out,according to Daniel Cook,a historian of childhoodconsumerism,it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.28.The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological development was muchinfluenced by_.A the marketing of products for childrenB the observation of childrens natureC researches into childrens behaviorD studies of childhood consumption4pTrade publications counseled department stores that,in order to increase sales,they shouldcreate a“third stepping stone”between infant wear and older kids clothes.It was only after“toddler“became a common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmentalstage.Splitting kids,or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost3profits.And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences orinvent them where they did not previously exist.29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_.A focus on infant wear and older kids clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers terms2pBrexit is seen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recent trend towards the UK importingfood.The country produces only about 60 per cent of the food it eats,down from almostthree-quarters in the late 1980s.A move back to self-sufficiency,the argument goes,wouldboost the farming industry,political sovereignty and even the nations health.Soundsgreatbut how feasible is this vision?26.Some people argue that food self-sufficiency in the UK would_.A be hindered by its population growthB contribute to the nations well-beingC become a priority of the governmentD pose a challenge to its farming industry6pJust 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown,so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produceneeds.That is before we look for the space to grow the grains,sugars,seeds and oils thatprovide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.29.It can be learned from the last paragraph that British people_.A rely largely on imports for fresh produceB enjoy a steady rise in fruit consumptionC are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intakeD are trying to grow new varieties of grains二二态度题（相对难度低，每年平均态度题（相对难度低，每年平均 1.5 道）道）Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.After all,it has an ad business too,which itsays will comply with DNT requests,though it is still working out how.If it is trying to upset4Google,which relies almost wholly on advertising,it has chosen an indirect method:There is noguarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously hugeselling point for Windows 8though the firm has compared some of its other products favourablywith Googles on that count before.Brendon Lynch,Microsofts chief privacy officer,blogged:“We believe consumers should have more control.”Could it really be that simple?30.The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of _.A indulgenceB understandingC appreciationD skepticismJohn Donahue at Harvards Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Westerncivil services suit those who want to stay put but are bad for high achievers.The only Americanpublic-sector workers who earn well above$250,000 a year are university sports coaches and thepresident of the United States.Bankers fat pay packets have attracted much criticism,but apublic-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem forAmerica.40.John Donahues attitude towards the public-sector system is one of_.A disapprovalB appreciationC toleranceD indifference4p.If software promises to save lives on the scale that drugs now can,big data may beexpected to behave as a big pharmacy has done.We are still at the beginning of this revolutionand small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later.A long struggle will beneeded to avoid a future of digital feudalism.Ms Denhams report is a welcome start.35.The authors attitude toward the application ofAI to healthcare is_.A ambiguous.B cautious.C appreciative.D contemptuous.6pJust 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown,so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produceneeds.That is before we look for the space to grow the grains,sugars,seeds and oils that5provide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.30.The authors attitude to food self-sufficiency in the UK is_.A defensiveB doubtfulC tolerantD optimistic语义题（难题，每年平均语义题（难题，每年平均 1.5 道）道）3pIn the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirsts sale,spending of any sort became deeplyunfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds,and in the most overheated sectorfor Chinesecontemporary artthey were down by nearly 90%in the year to November 2008.Within weeksthe worlds two biggest auction houses,Sothebys and Christies,had to pay out nearly$200m inguarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.22.By saying“spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),the authorsuggests that_.A.collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB.people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD.works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying1pWhatever happened to the death of newspaper?A year ago the end seemed near.Therecession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet.Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.AmericasFederal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers.Shouldthey become charitable corporations?Should the state subsidize them?It will hold anothermeeting soon.But the discussions now seem out of date.26.By saying“Newspapers like their own doom”(Lines 3-4,Para.1),the author indicates thatnewspaper_.A neglected the sign of crisisB failed to get state subsidiesC were not charitable corporationsD were in a desperate situation6pTheir success may be determined by a suit related to this issue,brought by the Mayo Clinic,6which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term.The BIO recently held a convention whichincluded sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.Each meeting waspacked.34.By saying“each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that-A the supreme court was authoritativeB the BIO was a powerful organizationC gene patenting was a great concernD lawyers were keen to attend conventions5pThere is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushingto hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win fortravelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expeditedscreening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk,saving time foreveryone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.23.The word“expedited”(Liner 4,Para.5)is closet in meaning to _.A quieter.B cheaper.C wider.D faster.4pBut its not just a gender thing.At work,people pretty much know what theyre supposedto be doing:working,making money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employeedraws out life-sustaining moola.24.The word moola(Paragraph 4)most probably means _.A energyB skillsC earningsD nutrition2pSome growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fundcleaner energy sources.But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost ofwind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.26.The word“plummeting”(Line 3，Para.2)is closest in meaning to.A stabilizingB changingC fallingD rising5pIn a 2014 study,for example,Malti looked at 244 children.Using caregiver assessments7and the childrens self-observations,she rated each childs overall sympathy level and his or hertendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.Then the kids were handedchocolate coins,and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child.For thelow-sympathy kids,how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feelguilty.The guilt-prone ones share more,even though they hadnt magically become moresympathetic to the other childs deprivation.25.The word“transgressions”(Line 4,Para.5)is closest in meaning to _.A teachingsB discussionsC restrictionsD wrongdoings主旨题（难度适中，每年平均主旨题（难度适中，每年平均 1.5 道）道）1pThe longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a saleof 56 works by Damien Hirst,“Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”,at Sothebys in London onSeptember 15th 2008.2pThe world art market.3pIn the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirsts sale,spending of any sort became deeplyunfashionable.4pThe current downturn in the art market.5pWhat makes this slump different from the last.25.The most appropriate title for this text could be _.A Fluctuation ofArt PricesB Up-to-date Art AuctionsCArt Market in DeclineD Shifted Interest in Arts1pWhatever happened to the death of newspaper?A year ago the end seemed near.2pIn much of the world there is little sign of crisis.3pIt has not been much fun.4pNewspapers are becoming more balanced businesses5pThe whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody.30.The most appropriate title for this text would be_.AAmerican Newspapers:Struggling for SurvivalBAmerican Newspapers:Gone with the Wind8CAmerican Newspapers:AThriving BusinessDAmerican Newspapers:AHopeless Story1pHomework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents,but inrecent years it has been particularly scorned.Unfortunately,L.A.Unified has produced aninflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homeworkmay no longer count for more than 10%of a students academic grade.2pThis rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotichomes might have in completing their homework.But the policy is unclear and contradictory.3pDistrict administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling:teachers areallowed to assign as much of it as they want.But with homework counting for no more than10%of their grades.4pAt the same time,the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework.5pThe homework rules should be put on hold while the school board,which is responsible forsetting educational policy,looks into the matter and conducts public hearings.It is not too latefor L.A.Unified to do homework right.25.Asuitable title for this text could be_.A Wrong Interpretation of an Educational PolicyBAWelcomed Policy for Poor StudentsC Thorny Questions about HomeworkDA Faulty Approach to Homework1pWhat would you do with 590m?.2pThese two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewardingways to spend money can be counterintuitive.3pThis slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get themost“happiness bang for your buck.”.4pReaders of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot,anxious about fulfillment,nothunger.Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen amongrich and poor people around the world.But most people will come away from this book9believing it was money well spent.25.This text mainly discusses how to _.A balance feeling good and spending moneyB spend large sums of money won in lotteriesC obtain lasting satisfaction from