考研英语阅读历年真题长句.pdf

考研英语阅读历年真题长句 1.The American economic system is,organized around a basically private-enterprise,market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.（定从）【分析】本句主干是 The American economic system is organized，around a basically private-enterprise,market-oriented economy 是介词短语做状语。In which 引导定语从句修饰 economy。其中 consumers 是主语，谓语动词 determine 后面接了一个what 引导的宾语从句。those goods and services 是并列结构做 for 的宾语，that they want most 是定语从句修饰前面的名词。【词汇】enterprise 企业 market-oriented 以市场为导向 参考译文美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。2.Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes,that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.【分析】本句用 It is.that.句型构成的强调句。去掉强调句型即变为：the demand of individual consumers,coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.what 和 how 引导的是determine 后面的宾语从句。【词汇】individual consumers 个体消费者 maximize 使.最大化 determine 决定 参考译文因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。3.If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost,this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers,which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.（定从）【分析】此句是 If 引导的条件状语从句，状语从句是：If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost,主句是：this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers,which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.主句中过去分词结构 offered by seller-producers 作后置定语修饰 supple;which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前一句 this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers,表示的这件事。【词汇】commodity 商品 producer 制造商 In turn 反过来 参考译文另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。4.In the American economy,the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights,including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.【分析】本句话结构比较简单，句首是状语，主语是 the concept of private property，谓语动词是embraces，后面的宾语用not only.but also连接，第二个宾语certain rights 后面是 including 引导的结构作为解释，the right 后面是 or 连接的 to determine 和 to make 构成并列。【词汇】concept n.概念 embrace v.拥抱，僻义包含 写作句型 the environmental protection embraces not only a series of laws and regulations but also the increased awareness of the public.环境保护不仅仅只是一系列的法律法规，还有老百姓意识的增强。determine vt.决定;v.be determined to do 下定决心做某事 contract n.合同；v.缩短，收紧 参考译文在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位)自由签定合同的权利。5.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient,allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.(宾从）【分析】第一个句子中主语是 these computers,谓语是 record,宾语是两个 which引导的从句，属于并列关系，allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly 是现在分词引导的结构，可理解为结果状语。第二句是简单句，主语是 they,谓语是 identify,宾语是 customers,preferred 是定语修饰 customers,for promotional campaigns 表目的。【词汇】at the same time 同时 personnel 人员 staffing assignments 人事安排 promotional campaigns 促销活动 参考译文同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。6.Numerous other commercial enterprises,from theaters to magazine publishers,from gas and electric utilities to milk processors,bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.【分析】本句的主干是：Numerous other commercial enterprises bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.主语是Numerous other commercial enterprises,谓语是 bring.to,宾语是 better and more efficient services，through the use of computers 属于方式状语。from theaters to magazine publishers,from gas and electric utilities to milk processors属于插入成分，解释说明 other commercial enterprises。【词汇】enterprise 企业 magazine publisher 杂志出版商 utility 设施 efficient 有效率的 参考译文不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。7.Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age.For these children,to develop to their full adult potential,their education must be adapted to those differences.【分析】第一句主要是 be different in 某方面 from.表示在某方面与.不同，of the same age 修饰 others,此处 others 指代 other children。第二句主干是 their education must be adapted to those differences，是一个被动句。to develop to their full adult potential,属于状语，表目的。【词汇】significant 重要的 of the same age 同龄 develop 发展 potential 潜能 参考译文残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。8.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens,whatever their special conditions,deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.【分析】本句主语的核心词汇是 The great interest in exceptional children，后面是分词结构作后置定语 shown in public education over the past three decades，其中over the past three decades 是时间状语。谓语动词是 indicates,宾语是 the strong feeling in our society,that 引导分割式同位语从句解释 the strong feeling，从句中 all citizens 是主语，后面是插入语，谓语部分是 deserve the opportunity to。语法知识拓展 分割式同位语从句指的是先行词和关系词之间还带有其他成分，通常是介词短语。如何判断是不是分割式，一是看从句的动词形式，比方说 I know many places in the world that have their own cultures.从句中动词是 have，显然前面的名词是 places，不是 world。二是根据句意。【词汇】show great interest in 对表示强烈的兴趣 deserve the opportunity to 享有的机会 参考译文在过去的 30 年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。9.It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price,thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.【分析】本句是简单句，it 主语，serves.to assist 为谓语部分，a rapid distribution of goods 是宾语，at reasonable price 是状语，后面紧接 and 连接的两个分词结构，做伴随状语：第一个结构是动宾结构，第二个结构是 make it adj.to do sth.。it作形式宾语，provide for export at competitive prices 是真正的宾语。【词汇】serve to 用于 distribution n.分配 参考译文它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。10.Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising,no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.【分析】Apart from.advertising,是状语，其中 that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising 是 fact 的同位语从句。no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.是主句，其中主语是 no regular advertiser，谓语是 dare promote，此处 dare 是情态动词，宾语是 a product，that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements 是定语从句修饰 product,product 在定语从句中充当主语。【词汇】apart from 除了 govern 管理、规范 advertisement 广告 promote 推销、宣传 promise 承诺 参考译文除去议会有 27 件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。11.If its message were confined merely to information-and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve,for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.【分析】这一句大的框架是 if 引导的条件状语从句，从句是 If its message were confined merely to information，主句是 advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.，其中 so+adj./adv.that 表示如此.以至于.。破折号部分是插入成分，that 指代 its message were confined merely to information 这件事，if not impossible to achieve，省略了主语 that(if not impossible to achieve).for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising 是 for 引导的状语从句，表示原因，其中 such as the choice of the color of a shirt 是举例，解释说明 a detail。【词汇】confine 局限 persuasive 有说服力的 pay attention 关注 参考译文如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言，如果这不是完全不可能达到的，也是非常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样的细节都会具有微妙的说服意味，那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人会关注它。12.The workers who gets a promotion,the student whose grades improve,and the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.【分析】这一句的主干是 all these are are examples of people.all these 属于主语，是代指，具体指 The workers who gets a promotion,the student whose grades improve,and the foreigner who learns a new language。其中 who gets a promotion 是定语从句修饰 the workers;whose grades improve 是定语从句修饰 the student；who learns a new language 是定语从句修饰 the foreigner。谓语是 are,表语是 examples of people，who have measurable results to show for there efforts.是定语从句修饰 people.【词汇】get a promotion 升迁 foreigner 外国人 effort 努力 参考译文得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人一一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。13.As families move away from their stable community,their friends of many years,their extended family relationships,the informal flow of information is cut off,and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.【分析】句首是 as 引导的状语从句，其中 move away from 后面接了三个并列的宾语 their stable community,their friends of many years 和 their extended family relationships，主句是 and 连接的两个句子组合而成的并列句，前面一个句子的主语是 the informal flow of information，谓语是 is cut off，后面一个句子中，with it是状语，主语是 the confidence，后面 that 引导同位语从句。注意：后面分句本身结构是 the confidence that.is cut off，由于 and 前后并列，句尾的 is cut off 被省略。【词汇】stable 稳定的 cut off 切断 trustworthy 值得信赖的 reliable 可靠的 参考译文随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。14.The individual now has more information available than any generation,and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated,time-consuming,and sometimes even overwhelming.【分析】这一句子由 and 连接的两个句子构成，前一句：The individual now has more information available than any generation,是比较句，由比较级+than 构成，后一句 the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated,time-consuming,and sometimes even overwhelming 的主干是 the task is complicated,time-consuming,and sometimes even overwhelming,of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem 是后置定语修饰 task，其中 that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem是 find 后面的宾语从句。【词汇】individual 个人 available 能够获得的 relevant to 与.相关 specific 特定的、具体的 complicated 复杂的 参考译文现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招架。15.Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing,and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.【分析】这一句由 and 连接的两个句子构成。第一个句子：Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing,是被动句，主语是 Expertise，谓语是 can be shared world wide，而 through teleconferencing,是状语表示方式方法。第二句：problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.主语是 problems，in dispute 是后置定语修饰 problems,谓语是 can be settled，without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site 是状语。【词汇】expertise 专家 in dispute 有争议的 settle 解决 distant 遥远的 conference site 会议地点 参考译文通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。考研英语 100 句经典长难句（二）(2006-09-11 10:58:12)16.The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system,in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.【分析】这一句的主干是 The current passion produces a two-layer system。for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock 是修饰 passion,而 in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.是定语从句修饰 system。【词汇】current 现在的 passion 热情 compete against 与.竞争 competitive 善于竞争的 参考译文现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。17.While talking to you,your could-be employer is deciding whether your education,your experience,and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your wares and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.【分析】句首 While talking to you,是时间状语，主句由 and 连接的两个句子组成。第一个句子：your could-be employer is deciding whether your education,your experience,and other qualifications will pay him to employ you，其中主语是 your could-be employer，谓语是 is deciding，whether your education,your experience,and other qualifications will pay him to employ you 是宾语从句，宾语从句中，your education,your experience,and other qualifications 三个并列的词构成从句的主语。第二个句子：your wares and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner，主语是 your wares and abilities，谓语是 must be displayed，状语是 in an orderly and reasonably connected manner。【词汇】employer 雇主 experience 经验 qualification 资格 display 展示 参考译文在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的商品和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联的方式被展示出来。18.The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization,at least for the time being,but its role,its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.19.【分析】这一句子是由 but 连接的两个句子组成。第一个句子：The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization,at least for the time being,主语是 The Corporation，谓语是 will survive as，宾语是 a publicly funded broadcasting organization，at least for the time being,是时间状语。第二个句子：its role,its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.主语是 its role,its size and its programs，谓语是 are，表语是 the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.【词汇】survive 存活 organization 组织 debate 讨论 参考译文英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前会这样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下的讨论话题。19.The debate was launched by the Government,which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC-including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation,and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.【分析】主句是 The debate was launched by the Government，后面是 which 引导的非限定性定语从句，谓语部分比较特殊，是 invitedsb.to say 破折号后面是anyone with an opinion of the BBC 的解释说明。say 后面是两个宾语从句，一个是what 引导，一个是 whether 引导。【词汇】launch 发起 viewer 观众 corporation 公司 be worth doing 值得做某事 参考译文这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。20.The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.【分析】the change 是主语，and 并列两个谓语动词 met 和 prevented，the technical requirements of the new age 是 met 的宾语，by 引导状语，the decline in efficiency是 prevented 的宾语，that 引导定语从句。【词汇】engage 从事；引入或吸引 meet the requirements of the new age 满足新时代的要求 spoil 损坏 spare the rod,spoil the child.棍棒底下出孝子。energetic 充满活力的 参考译文这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求，并且它(这种变化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时候，经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。21.Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class,an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of