2024考研真相历年真题解析2019-2023 英语二.pdf

三微真题专注基础薄弱考生024反“音开英吾（一）真是项考研真相真题解析篇（四）2020一2023考研英语研究组编专注基础薄弱考生18年逐词逐句讲透真题菌来方出版社The Oriental Press绝密启用前2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二)(科目代码：204)微信公众号：djky66微信(顶尖考研祝您上岸)考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。(以下信息考生必须认真填写)考生编号考生姓名1.A.pleasantB.trickyC.tediousD.instructive2.A.at onceB.in additionC.for exampleD.by accident3.A.FortunatelyB.OccasionallyC.AccordinglyD.Eventually4.A.amuseB.trainC.assistD.describe5.A.onceB.becauseC.unlessD.while6.A.choiceB.answerC.taskD.access7.A.formalB.tolerantC.rigidD.critical8.A.moveB.sendC.dragD.push9.A.inevitableB.illogicalC.mysteriousD.suspicious10.A.boringB.harshC.naiveD.vague11.A.turn backB.take apartC.set asideD.cover up12.A.OverallB.InsteadC.OtherwiseD.However13.A.believeB.regretC.missD.like14.A.justifyB.raiseC.affectD.reflect15.A.bondB.timeC.raceD.cool16.A.natureB.secretC.contextD.importance17.A.confrontedB.defeatedC.cheatedD.confused18.A.strangeB.terribleC.hardD.wrong19.A.excitingB.tryingC.surprisingD.changing20.A.withdrawB.hideC.emergeD.escapeSectionReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)英语（二)试题.2.（共14页)Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from othersso they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out ifthis extends to non-living beings,Laleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals fromrobotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social andone asocial-for four days.The robot rats were quite minimalist,resembling achunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colourfulmarkings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side toside.Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats theopportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the livingrats were 52 per cent more likely on average to set the social robot free than theasocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuinesocial being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because itdisplayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to therats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return thefavour when they get trapped,says Quinn.Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help andcooperation,including what is referred to as direct reciprocity-where a rat willhelp another rat that has previously helped them,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given itsminimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled asimple plastic box on wheels.Wed assumed wed have to give it a moving headand tail,facial features,and put a scent on it to make it smell like a real rat,butthat wasnt necessary,says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland inAustralia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when theycome from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they arefellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.We humansseem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,saysWiles.英语（二)试题.3，（共14页)