【231004】2024考研英语强化阶段测试（英语一）.pdf

金代GLISTIME重iid2024考研英语强化阶段测试(英语一)分值：100分时间：180分钟Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor Don ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD(Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development)countries,in particular,how to pay for future public pension liabilities.And early retirement places an1 burden on pension financing.There is no easy solution,but 2 retirement could help.Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal,but it is a socially 3 one,and makesthe present public pension system difficult to sustain for long.The 4 reason is that more people areretiring early and living longer.That means more retirees depending on the 5 of those in work for theirincome.The 6 is worrying.In the next 50 years,low fertility rates and 7 life expectancy inOECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double 8 size.Public pensionpayments,which afford 30-80%of total retirement incomes in OECD countries,are 9 to rise,onaverage,by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in somecountries.10 is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of todays workers not getting thepensions they expected or felt they 11 for.Action is needed,12 simply aiming to reduce the 13(and cost)of public pensions,ortrying to 14 the role of privately funded pensions within the system,though necessary steps,may be15 to deal with the dependency challenge.After years of 16 early retirement schemes to avoid17 and higher unemployment,many governments are now looking to persuading people to stay in work18 they are older.Surely,the thinking goes,if we are 19 now and jobs are physically lessstrenuous and unemployment is down,then perhaps the 20 rate should rise anew.1.AunsolvableBadditionalCunsustainableDundue2.AdelayingBretainingCkeepingDhindering3.AultimateBunattainableCspecificDexpensive4.AsubstantialBessentialCpotentialDcontroversial5.AdonatingBsponsoringCsubsidizingDfunding第1页（共12页）金代G5TMECRdhospitalization,determine what procedures will be performed,and announce when the patient may bedischarged.The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions,but in the main it is the doctorsjudgments that are final.Little wonder then that in the eye of hospital it is the physician who is the realconsumer.As a consequence,the medical staff represents the power centerin hospital policy anddecision-making,not the administration.Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants:the physician,the hospital,the patient,and the payer generally an insurance carrier or government)-the physician makes theessential decisions for all of them.The hospital becomes an extension of the physician;the payer generallymeets most of the bona fide bills generated by the physician/hospital;and for the most part the patientplays a passive role.In routine or minor illnesses,or just plain worries,the patients options are,ofcourse,much greater with respect to use and price.In illnesses that are of some significance,however,such choices tend to evaporate,and it is for these illnesses that the bulk of the health-care dollar is spent.We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care expenditures are determined by physicians,notpatients.21.The authors main purpose is toAspeculate about the relationship between a patients ability to pay and the treatment receivedBcriticize doctors for exercising too much control over patientsCanalyze some important economic factors in health-careDurge hospitals to reclaim their decision-making authority22.According to the passage,when a doctor tells a patient to return next Wednesday(sentence 2,para.2),what does the author mean?ATaking advantage of the patients concern for his health.BInstructing the patient to buy more medical services.CWarning the patient that hospital stay might be necessary.DAdvising the patient to seek a second opinion.23.It is the physician who is the real consumer(Sentence 3.Para.3)means that the physician is theparty thatApays for goods or servicesBdelivers goods or servicesCorders goods or servicesDreimburses a third party for goods or services24.It can be inferred that doctors are able to determine hospital policies becauseAit is doctors who generate income for the hospitalBmost of the patients bills are paid by his health insurance第3页（共12页）金代G5TMEC重R26.According to Pope Francis,baby shortage in Europe was aAchallenge to European mothersBleading example of rich countriesCresult of young peoples life styleDresult of an aging population27.Which of the following statements is true of the birth rate?AIt dropped in all developed countries.BIt fell in various economic situations.CIts drop was unexpected for financial reasons.D It caused disorder in wealthy countries.28.Mr Johnsons current attitude towards fertility rates isApessimisticBoptimisticCindifferentDuncertain29.Ms.Lappegard would most probably agree that the low birth rate in her countryAwas mostly under international influenceBaffected a certain population groupChad little to do with age and educationDcould be easily figured out30.Which of the following could better explain the low fertility rates?AUncertainty about future.BReduction of welfare.CPolicy of immigration.DBehavior of women.Text 3Almost all the worlds countries have agreed on a deal aimed at restricting shipments of hard-to-recycle plastic waste to poorer countries,the United Nations announced on Friday.Exporting countries-including the US-now will have to obtain consent from countries receiving contaminated,mixed orunrecyclable plastic waste.Currently,the US and other countries can send lower-quality plastic waste toprivate entities in developing countries without getting approval from their governments.Since China stopped accepting recycling from the US,activists say they have observed plastic wastepiling up in developing countries.The Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives Gaia),a backer of the第5页（共12页）金绣代G5 TIMECi置ddeal,says it found villages in Indonesia,Thailand and Malaysia that hadturned into dumpsites over thecourse of a year.We were finding that there was waste from the US that was just piled up in villagesthroughout these countries that had once been primarily agricultural communities,said Claire Arkin,aspokeswoman for Gaia.The legally binding framework emerged at the end of a two-week meeting of UN-backed conventionson plastic waste and toxic,hazardous chemicals that threaten the planets seas and creatures.The pactcomes in an amendment to the Basel convention.The US is not a party to that convention so it did not havea vote,but attendees at the meeting said the country argued against the change,saying officials didntunderstand the repercussions it would have on the plastic waste trade.Plastic debris clutters pristine land,floats in huge masses in oceans and entangles and endangerswildlife.Less valuable and harder to recycle plastic is likely to end up discarded rather than turned intonew products.The deal affects products used in a broad array of industries,such as healthcare,technology,aerospace,fashion and food and beverages.Rolph Payet of the United Nations Environment Program called the agreement-signed by 187countries in Geneva,Switzerland,under the convention-historic because countries will have tomonitor where plastic waste goes when it leaves their borders.Payet said the negotiations,which began 11days ago and brought together 1,400 delegates,had gone much further than anticipated.The Baselconvention sets rules for first-world countries shipping hazardous waste to less wealthy nations.Backers saythe amendment will make the global trade in plastic waste more transparent and better regulated,protectinghumans and the environment.Officials attributed the progress partly to growing public awareness-reinforced by documentary filmsby the British naturalist Sir David Attenborough and others-of the dangers of plastic pollution,especiallyto marine life.Von Hernandez,global coordinator for Break Free from Plastic,said the deal isa crucial first steptowards stopping the use of developing countries as a dumping ground for the worlds plastic waste,especially those coming from rich nations.Marco Lambertini,director general of the environmental and wildlife charity WWF International,saidthe accord is a welcome step and that for too long wealthy countries have abdicated responsibility forenormous quantities of plastic waste.However,it only goes part of the way.What we-and the planet-need is a comprehensive treaty to tackle the global plastic crisis,Lambertini added.31.According to the United Nations,announcement in Paragraph 1,developed countriesAcannot produce highly contaminated plastic wasteBshould stop transferring wastes to developing countriesCshould be approved to export wastes to poor countriesDshould focus on management strategies for unrecyclable waste第6页（共12页）