2024田静讲真题考研英语历年真题5步研读全攻略 2002-2009试题册(1).pdf

Section I Listening Comprehension(Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20thcentury and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries.Yet much hadhappened 21.As was discussed before,it was not 22 the 19th century thatthe newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23,following in the wakeof the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical.It was duringthe same time that the communications revolution 25 up,beginning withtransport,the railway,and leading 26 through the telegraph,the telephone,radio,and motion pictures 27 the 20th-century world of the motor car and theairplane.Not everyone sees that process in 28.It is important to do so.It is generally recognized,29,that the introduction of the computer inthe early 20th century,30 by the invention of the integrated circuit duringthe 1960s,radically changed the process,31 its impact on the media wasnot immediately 32.As time went by,computers became smaller and morepowerful,and they became personaltoo,as well as 33,with displaybecoming sharper and storage 34 increasing.They were thought of,likepeople,35 generations,with the distance between generations much 36It was within the computer age that the term information societybeganto be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live.Thecommunications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we thinkand feel both about place and time,but there have been 39 views about第2页Text 2Since the dawn of human ingenuity,people have devised ever more cunningtools to cope with work that is dangerous,boring,burdensome,or just plainnasty.That compulsion has resulted in robotics-the science of conferringvarious human capabilities on machines.And if scientists have yet to create themechanical version of science fiction,they have begun to come close.As a result,the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmoswhose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removedmuch human labor.Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms.Our banking is done at automated teller terminals.that thank us with mechanicalpoliteness for the transaction.Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers.And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics,there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brainand bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highlyskilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will haveto operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisionsfor themselves-goals that pose a real challenge.While we know how to tell arobot to handle a specific error,says Dave Lavery,manager of a robotics programat NASA,we cant yet give a robot enough common senseto reliably interactwith a dynamic world,.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixedresults.Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appearedthat transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action ofthe human brain by the year 2010,researchers lately have begun to extend thatforecast by decades if not centuries.What they found,in attempting to model thought,is that the human brainsroughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented-and humanperception far more complicated-than previously imagined.They have builtrobots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeterin a controlled factory environment.But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly第6页