24冲刺真题讲义【英语二】.pdf

2024 考研英语冲刺真题讲义（英语二）考研英语冲刺真题讲义（英语二）前言：本讲义对应 Monkey 考研全心全意班、逆天改命班 9-11 月真题串讲课的内容。本讲义内容为 2015-2023 年考试真题以及答案，不含具体解析、参考译文、技巧等内容，请同学们在 9 月开课前自行打印本讲义以备使用。基础较为薄弱或想节省时间的同学，也可自行购买包含基础较为薄弱或想节省时间的同学，也可自行购买包含 2015-2023 年真题和参考译文的主流正规出版物（如黄皮书、考研真相等）。年真题和参考译文的主流正规出版物（如黄皮书、考研真相等）。12 月初逆天改命班终极串讲的讲义，将在月初逆天改命班终极串讲的讲义，将在 11 月底另行单独上传。月底另行单独上传。目录目录2015 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）22016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）162017 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）302018 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）442019 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）582020 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）722021 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）862022 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）1002023 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）114答案速查 1281 Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blankand mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating withor evenlooking ata stranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agreeby the way they cling to their phones,even without a1on a subway.Its a sad realityour desire to avoid interacting with other human beingsbecause theres2to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.But you wouldnt know it,3into your phone.This universal protection sendsthe4:Please dont approach me.What is it that makes us feel we need to hide5our screens?One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann,an executive mental coach.We fear rejection,or that our innocent social advances will be6as weird,.We fear well be7.We fear well be disruptive.Strangers are inherently8to us,so we are more likely to feel9whencommunicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.Toavoid this uneasiness,we10to our phones.Phones become our securityblanket,Wortmann says.They are our happy glasses that protect us from whatwe perceive is going to be more11.But once we rip off the band-aid,tuck our smartphones in our pockets andlook up,it doesnt12so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientistsNicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable:Start a13.They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow14.When Dr.Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people in the same train stationto15how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thoughttheir16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,The New York Timessummarizes.Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience,afterthey17with the experiment,not a single person reported having beenembarrassed.18,these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared withthose without communication,which makes absolute sense,19human beings2015 年全国硕士研究生招生考试 英语（二）年全国硕士研究生招生考试 英语（二）Section Use of English2 thrive off social connections.Its that20:Talking to strangers can make youfeel connected.1.A signalB permitC ticketD record2.A nothingB littleC anotherD much3.A beatenB pluggedC guidedD brought4.A messageB codeC noticeD sign5.A underB beyondC behindD from6.A misappliedBmisinterpretedC misadjustedD mismatched7.A judgedB firedC replacedD delayed8.A unreasonableB ungratefulCunconventionalD unfamiliar9.A comfortableB confidentC anxiousD angry10.A attendB turnC takeD point11.A dangerousB mysteriousC violentD boring12.A bendB resistC hurtD decay13.A lectureB debateC conversationD negotiation14.A traineesB employeesC researchersD passengers15.A revealB chooseC predictD design16.A voyageB flightC walkD ride17.A went throughB did awayC caught upD put up18.A In turnB In factC In particularDIn consequence19.A unlessB whereasC ifD since20.A funnyB simpleC logicalD rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)3 Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys,people are actuallymore stressed at home than at work.Researchers measured peoples cortisol,which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at homeand found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as wellas men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,writes one of theresearchers,Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work,shenotes.“It is men,not women,who report being happier at home than at work.”Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children andwithout,but more so for nonparents.This is why people who work outside thehome have better health.What the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work whentheyre at home,whether it is household work or work brought home from theoffice.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back.For womenwho stay home,they never get to leave the office.And for women who workoutside the home,they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.With theblurring of roles,and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplacein making adjustments for working women,its not surprising that women aremore stressed at home.But its not just a gender thing.At work,people pretty much know whattheyre supposed to be doing:working,making money,doing the tasks they haveto do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure:Employee puts inhours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front,however,people have no such clarity.Rare is thehousehold in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleaguesyour familyhave no clear rewards for their labor;theyneed to be talked into it,or if theyre teenagers,threatened with complete removalof all electronic devices.Plus,theyre your family.You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are thetasks apparently infinite,the co-workers are much harder to motivate.4 21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home_.A offered greater relaxation than the workplaceB was an ideal place for stress measurementC generated more stress than the workplaceD was an unrealistic place for relaxation22.According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?A Working mothers.B Childless husbands.C Working fathers.D Childless wives.23.The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact that_.A their home is also a place for kicking back.B they are both bread winners and housewives.C there is often much housework left behind.D it is difficult for them to leave their office.24.The word“moola”(Para.4)most probably means_.A skillsB energyC earningsD nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_.A family labor is often adequately rewarded.B home is hardly a cozier working environment.C household tasks are generally more motivating.D division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut.5 Text 2For years,studies have found that first-generation college studentsthosewho do not have a parent with a college degreelag other students on a range ofeducation achievement factors.Their grades are lower and their dropout rates arehigher.But since such students are most likely to advance economically if theysucceed in higher education,colleges and universities have pushed for decades torecruit more of them.This has created a paradox in that recruiting first-generation students,but then watching many of them fail,means that highereducation has continued to reproduce and widen,rather than close anachievement gap based on social class,according to the depressing beginning of apaper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solutionto this problem,suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour,next-to-no-cost program)can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measuredby such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities,and their findingsare based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at anunnamed private university.First generation was defined as not having a parentwith a four-year college degree.Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent)were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financialneed,while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least oneparent with a four-year degree.Their thesisthat a relatively modest intervention could have a big impactwas based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not inpotential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that facemost college students.They cite past research by several authors to show that thisis the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students struggle to navigate the middle-class cultureof higher education,learn the rules of the game,and take advantage of collegeresources,they write.And this becomes more of a problem when collages donttalk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students.“Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class canaffect students educational experiences,many first-generation students lackinsight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students likethem can improve.”6 26.Recruiting more first-generation students has_.A reduced their dropout ratesB narrowed the achievement gapC missed its original purposeD depressed college students27.The author of the research article are optimistic because_.A their finding appeal to studentsB the recruiting rate has increasedC the problem is solvableD their approach is costless28.The study suggests that most first-generation students_.A are from single-parent familiesB study at private universitiesC are in need of financial supportD have failed their collage29.The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students_A may lack opportunities to apply for research projectsB are inexperienced in handling their issues at collegeC can have a potential influence on other studentsD are actually indifferent to the achievement gap30.We may infer from the last paragraph that_.A universities often reject the culture of the middle-classB students are usually to blame for their lack of resourcesC social class greatly helps enrich educational experiencesDcolleges are partly responsible for the problem in question7 Text 3Even in traditional offices,the lingua franca of corporate America hasgotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 yearsago,said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn.She started spinningoff examples.If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990,we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey,mission,passion.There were goals,there were strategies,there were objectives,but we didnt talkabout energy;we didnt talk about passion.Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is veryteam-orientedandnotbycoincidence.Letsnotforgetsportsinmale-dominated corporate America,its still a big deal.Its not explicitlyconscious;its the idea that Im a coach,and youre my team,and were in thistogether.There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies,but mostthink of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaningand,as RakeshKhurana,another professor points out,increase allegiance to the firm.You havethe importation of terminology that historically used to be associated withnon-profit organizations and religious organizations:terms like vision,values,passion,and purpose,said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivatedamid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance.The mommy wars of the1990s are still going on today,prompting arguments about why women still canthave it all and books like Sheryl Sandbergs Lean In,whose title has become abuzzword in its own right.Terms like unplug,offline,life-hack,bandwidth,andcapacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home.But ifyour work is your passion,youll be more likely to devote yourself to it,even ifthat means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak:Everyone makes fun of it,butmanagers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it.As a linguist once said,You can get people to think its nonsense at the sametime that you buy into it.In a workplace thats fundamentally indifferent to yourlife and its meaning,office speak can help you figure out how you relate to yourworkand how your work defines who you are.8 31.According to Nancy Koehn,office language has become_.A less strategicB less energeticC more objectiveD more emotional32.Team-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_.A sports cultureB gender differenceC historical incidentsD athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to_.A revive historical termsB promote company imageC foster corporate cooperationD strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In_A voices for working womenB appeals to passionate workaholicsC triggers debates among mommiesD praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?A Linguists believe it to be nonsenseB Regular people mock it but accept itC Companies find it to be fundamentalD Managers admire it but avoid it9 Text 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reportedfor June,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as goodnews.And they were right.For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at adecent pace.We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but atleast we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largelyoverlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarilyworking part-time.This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent)above its year agolevel.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare,it is worth making animportant distinction.Many people who work part-time jobs actually wantfull-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.Anincrease in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labormarket and it means that many people will be having a very hard time makingends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June,but the generaldirection has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higherthan before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from its year agolevel.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-timeemployment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Departmentasks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answeris yes,they are classified as working part-time.The survey then asks whetherthey worked less t