ITIF-恢复和重新构想联邦数据战略以确保任务成功（英）-2023-WN6.pdf

itif.org Reviving and Reimagining the Federal Data Strategy for Mission Success ERIC EGAN|JUNE 2023 The Federal Data Strategy(FDS)suffers from a lack of leadership and fails to link its well-defined principles and practices to government-wide and agency-level missions.The Biden administration must revive and reimagine it in order to succeed in transforming the federal government into a 21st century organization.KEY TAKEAWAYS While federal agencies initially pursued activities such as developing governance structures,inventorying data,and responding to the COVID-19 pandemic partly in response to the FDS,progress with the FDS has since stalled.OMB has not provided updates on the progress of the 2021 Action Planthe mechanism that specifies which activities federal agencies need to complete in support of the FDSand has not published the annual Action Plans since the 2021 plan.Agencies are not prioritizing activities from the FDS but rather focusing on their own agency-level data strategies that are more aligned with their individual business outcomes.The FDS does not clearly link its overarching mission to“fully leverage the value of federal data”with government-wide priorities,thereby limiting the strategys impact to improve operations,service delivery,and customer experience.While federal agencies get advisory support from the Federal CDO Council,the governance body created specifically to help drive the FDS,OMBs Federal Data Policy Committee,has not engaged in any activity to advance the strategy.群内每日免费分享5份+最新资料 群内每日免费分享5份+最新资料 300T网盘资源+4040万份行业报告为您的创业、职场、商业、投资、亲子、网赚、艺术、健身、心理、个人成长 全面赋能！添加微信，备注“入群”立刻免费领取 立刻免费领取 200套知识地图+最新研报收钱文案、增长黑客、产品运营、品牌企划、营销战略、办公软件、会计财务、广告设计、摄影修图、视频剪辑、直播带货、电商运营、投资理财、汽车房产、餐饮烹饪、职场经验、演讲口才、风水命理、心理思维、恋爱情趣、美妆护肤、健身瘦身、格斗搏击、漫画手绘、声乐训练、自媒体打造、效率软件工具、游戏影音扫码先加好友，以备不时之需扫码先加好友，以备不时之需行业报告/思维导图/电子书/资讯情报行业报告/思维导图/电子书/资讯情报致终身学习者社群致终身学习者社群关注公众号获取更多资料关注公众号获取更多资料INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY&INNOVATION FOUNDATION|JUNE 2023 PAGE 2 CONTENTS Key Takeaways.1 Introduction.2 Overview of the Federal Data Strategy.4 Background.4 FDS Content and Structure.6 FDS in a Nutshell.8 Analysis and Findings.8 Well-Defined Principles and Practices.9 Missing Mission Priorities.10 Too Generic and High Level.11 Lack of OMB Leadership.12 Resource Constraints for CDOs.12 Recommendations.13 Align Strategic Principles and Practices to Missions.13 Establish a Federal CDO.14 Publish Scorecards.14 Provide Real Oversight and Guidance.15 Boost Funding.15 Conclusion.15 Endnotes.17 INTRODUCTION Data is a powerful resource in the digital era.Organizations can use data to better understand their operational efficiency,improve the customer experience with their services,and monitor future challenges and opportunities.These benefits are particularly impactful for an entity as large as the U.S.federal government,with a budget in the trillions and a customer base in the hundreds of millions.1 Furthermore,the federal government already collects and manages an inordinate amount of data.Unfortunately,the federal government has historically underutilized that data.As Federal Chief Information Officer(CIO)Clare Martorana put it two years ago,“Much of the data we have in government is siloed in systems,and is oftentimes not accessible,even across an agency,let alone across the entire federal enterprise.”2 In response to this problem,the Trump administration conceptualized the Federal Data Strategy,or FDS,in 2018 as a 10-year plan to transform how the whole of the federal government leverages data as a strategic asset.3 The Biden administration appeared similarly dedicated to INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY&INNOVATION FOUNDATION|JUNE 2023 PAGE 3 this vision,releasing 2021 Action Plans for agencies to continue the FDS even amid a global pandemic.Ultimately,the FDS represents an important,coordinated,and necessary effort across the federal government in defining a set of aspirational principles and practices for a 21st-century data organization.The FDS is the first-ever government-wide data strategy in the United States.The Office of Management and Budget(OMB)developed the strategy collaboratively,with nearly two dozen agencies and more than 50 people making up the team that created it.4 Additionally,the FDS contains a well-defined set of principles and practices around what a mature data organization should be able to do with data.Together with recent legislationnamely,the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking,or Evidence,Act of 2018the FDS reflects the federal governments desire to achieve openness,transparency,accountability,planning,forecasting,and general usefulness with the boundless amount of data at its disposal.An organization that truly leverages data as a strategic asset isnt just making dashboards and throwing numbers around.Data-mature organizations are more capable of delivering on mission priorities.A fully executed FDS in which every agency has adopted and implemented its principles and practices in service of mission objectives would produce a federal government that is more efficient,collaborative,and customer focused.Imagine a Transportation Security Administration that uses analytics to staff airport checkpoints based on predicted surges in air travel,ensuring wait times never exceed 15 minutes;a Customs and Border Protection that uses data from law enforcement agencies across the country to dynamically respond to surges in fentanyl and other contraband smuggled into the country;and an Environmental Protection Agency that combines data from the public and private sectors on air quality,water quality,and other ecological indicators to rapidly assess and respond to environmental risks impacting American communities.With rapid advances in artificial intelligence(AI),federal agencies will soon have even more opportunities to leverage this emerging technology,but will be hamstrung from seizing this opportunity if agencies have not mastered data governance.Unfortunately,the FDS as originally conceived is inherently flawed,as it does not clearly connect its aspirational principles and practices for a mature data organization with government-wide or agency-level mission outcomes such as these examples.In its current format,the FDS and its latest Action Plans are too generic and high level for agency use,with many chief data officers(CDOs)instead relying on their own enterprise-level strategies that better align and support agency mission outcomes.Furthermore,the FDS has stalled,as the Biden administration has not shared a 2022 or 2023 Action Plan and has still not provided guidance on open data and standards required to implement the Evidence Act.Given that the federal governments fundamental purpose is to serve American citizens and residentsan effort that increasingly relies on digital serviceseffective use of data is not optional.While the FDS includes a comprehensive set of aspirational principles and practices for a mature data organization,these practices mean little if they are not integrated with government-wide and agency-level mission objectives and CDOs do not get enough guidance or support to affect change.This report offers a breakdown of the FDSs content and structure,explores and reflects on the problems in its implementation,and provides the following recommendations to help the FDS get back on track:INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY&INNOVATION FOUNDATION|JUNE 2023 PAGE 4 OMB should amend the FDS to clearly connect the strategys principles and practices with both government-wide priorities and agency-level mission outcomes,including changing its approach to the annual Action Plans.OMB should establish a Federal CDO that will chair the Federal CDO Council and act as a critical executive in driving FDS implementation while providing support to agency CDOs.The Federal CDO Council should publish annual scorecards or progress trackers based on the annual Action Plans.OMBs Federal Data Policy Committee(FDPC)should become fully realized as an oversight and governance body for the FDS and commit to providing critical guidance for open data and standards as soon as possible.Congress should provide greater funding access to agency CDOs to support delivering FDS actions and legislative requirements as well as increasing workforce and data skills development.OVERVIEW OF THE FEDERAL DATA STRATEGY The FDS represents a collaborative effort across multiple federal agencies to develop a 10-year plan focused on improving how the federal government manages and uses data.OMB designed the strategy to support other data-related federal policies and legislation through a framework of foundational principles,aspirational practices,and annual Action Plans with the goal of executing the FDS by 2030.Background In March 2018,the Trump administration issued a new Cross-Agency Priority(CAP)Goala leadership target and method to advance certain presidential priority areas that require active collaboration across multiple federal agenciesvia the Presidents Management Agenda(PMA),the executive roadmap for management priorities across agencies,within the PMAs overarching CAP“Data,Accountability,and Transparency.”5 The new CAP goal specified the development and implementation of a“comprehensive Federal Data Strategy.”6 In response,the OMB-led Data Strategy Development Team composed of 57 members across 23 federal agencies drafted the FDS,as well as the 2020 Action Plan that defined a set of actionable steps in Year 1 for agencies to complete to support the FDSs long-term vision.7 The Data Strategy Development Team requested feedback from both federal employees and the public through requests for comments and forums.8 Figure 1:OMBs public engagement efforts for FDS development9 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY&INNOVATION FOUNDATION|JUNE 2023 PAGE 5 The June 2019 OMB Memorandum M-19-18,“Federal Data Strategy A Framework for Consistency”formally shared the FDS mission statement and key components regarding how federal agencies should manage and use data by 2030.In December 2019,OMB published the first annual Action Plan for federal agencies to complete in the 2020 calendar year.OMB designed the FDS to complement existing laws,mandates,and programs that aimed to improve how the federal government manages and uses data,including:Foundations for Evidence Based Policymaking Act,or Evidence Act,of 2018:Aims to improve federal agencies evidence-based decision-making by increasing access to data and expanding its evaluation capacity.10 Open,Public,Electronic,and Necessary Government Data Act,or OPEN Government Data Act,of 2018:Defined within Title II of the Evidence Act,requires federal agencies to maintain a comprehensive data inventory,designate a CDO,and publish their data online in a standardized,nonproprietary,machine-readable format.11 Data.gov:Created by the Office of the Federal Chief Information Officer in 2009 to be the federal governments open data site that offers increased openness and accountability of the federal government.12 Geospatial Data Act,or GDA,of 2018:Codifies the committees,processes,and tools supporting the National Spatial Data Infrastructure,the infrastructure for sharing geospatial data across federal,state,tribal,and local governments and the private sector.13 Executive Order 13859,Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence(February 11,2019):The federal governments principles and strategies to strengthen how the United States uses AI to support scientific and technological discovery,national security,and economic competitiveness.14 M-19-15,Improving Implementation of the Information Quality Act(April 24,2019):Requires federal agencies to maximize“the quality,objectivity,utility,and integrity of information disseminated to the public.”15 According to the FDS,annual Action Plans should also align with and complement the following ongoing federal programs,policies,and statutory requirements:Paperwork Reduction Act;E-Government Act of 2002;Privacy Act of 1974;Federal Information Security Management Act(FISMA)of 2002;Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act(CIPSEA)of 2002;Freedom of Information Act(FOIA);and Federal Records Act.16 Congress authorized the creation of a Federal CDO Council in the Evidence Act,and the FDSs 2020 Action Plan included launching the council as an OMB action.The Federal CDO Council adopted its charter in 2020 with a vision to“improve government mission achievement and increase the benefits to the Nation through improvement in the management,use,protection,dissemination,and generation of data in government decision-making and operations,”as well as adhering to the essential goals supporting the implementation of the Evidence Act and delivery of the FDS.17 As of March 2022,the Federal CDO Council membership includes more than 90 federal agencies and other representatives.18 Over the past three years,the Federal CDO Council INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY&INNOVATION FOUNDATION|JUNE 2023 PAGE 6 has been the governance body most focused on driving the FDS,with six working groups designed to focus on FDS actions.19 FDS Content and Structure Per the strategys official website,the FDS“encompasses a 10-year vision for how the Federal Government will accelerate the use of data to deliver on mission,serve the public,and steward resources while protecting security,privacy,and confidentiality.”20 The strategy developed a framework to implement this vision based on a set of foundational principles that define a set of aspirational practices.21 Agencies can achieve these practices through defined actions,which are developed annually via Action Plans to ensure the overall strategy progresses.Figure 2 from the FDS document reflects the strategys overall framework.Figure 2:Core FDS components22 The FDSs 10 foundational“principles”or“motivational guidelines”are bucketed into three categories:Ethical Governance(3):Focuses on data privacy,public trust,and the responsible use of data.Conscious Design(4):Focuses on leveraging existing data,ensuring data quality,promoting interoperability,and incorporating user and stakeholder feedback.Learning Culture(3):Focuses on data skills training and knowledge sharing in the federal government,as well as accountability.The 40“practices”or“aspirational goals”further these principles while also informing agency“actions”and are separately categorized:Building a Culture that Values Data and Promotes Public Use(10):Focuses on data use,including how its used and who uses it.Governing,Managing,and Protecting Data(16):Focuses on data management,including quality,privacy,and standards.INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY&INNOVATION FOUNDATION|JUNE 2023 PAGE 7 Promoting Efficient and Appropriate Data Use(14):Focuses on communication and data access and use.The OMB-led Data Strategy Development Team designed the principles and practices as fundamental,immutable components of the FDS,whereas the annual Action Plans are measurable activities to implement the FDS.These actions are assigned according to“Agency Actions”(actions that all