牛津高阶英汉双解词典（第四版）.pdf

1 A A,a /eI;e/n(pl As,as/eIz;ez/)1 the first letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第一个字母:Ann begins with(an)A/A.Ann 一字以 A 字母开始.2(music 音)the sixth note in the scale of C major C 大 调音 阶中 的第 六音 或音 符.3 academic mark indicating the highest standard of work 学业成绩达最高标准的评价符号:get(an)A/A in biology 生物（学科）得 A.4(used to designate a range of standard paper sizes 用以标明一系列标准纸张的规格):attrib 作定语 an A4 folder A4纸张大小的文件夹 即297 x 210 mm.5(idm 习语习语)A1/7eI 5wQn;ewQn/(infml 口)excellent;first rate 极好的;头等的;第一流的:an 7A1 5dinner 一顿美餐*|Im feeling A1,ie very well.我身体好极了.from A to B from one place to another 从一处到另一处:I dont care what a car looks like as long as it gets me from A to B.我倒不在乎汽车的样子,只要能把我从一处载到另一处就行了.from A to Z from beginning to end;thoroughly 从头到尾;彻底地:know a subject from A to Z 精通一科目.A-OK /7eI EU5keI;9e oke/adj usu pred 通常作表语(US infml 口)emphatically OK 极佳;顶呱呱.Cf 参看 okay.A-road /5eI rEUd;e 9rod/n(Brit)major road,less important than a motorway but usu wider and straighter than a B-road A 级公路（重要性次於高速公路的主干公路,但通常比 B 级公路宽且直）:Theres a good A-road going North-the A1.有一条良好的 A 级公路通往北方-A 级 1 号公路.A-side n(music recorded on the)first or main side of a single-play gramophone record（单曲唱片的）A 面,正面（上的乐曲）.a /E;E;strong form 强读式 eI;e/(also an/En;En;strong form 强读式 An;An/)indef art(The form a is used before consonant sounds and the form an before vowel sounds.Both are used before C,Cgp or sing ns that have not previously been made specific.a用於辅音前,an用於元音前.两者均用於前文未曾确指的可数单数名词或集合名词之前.)1 one 一（个）:a man,hotel,girl,committee,unit,U-turn（一个）男人,旅馆,姑娘,委员会,单位,U 形转弯(Cf 参看 some men,hotels,girls,etc)*|an egg,aunt,uncle,hour,X-ray,MP,L-plate（一个）蛋,姑姑,叔叔,小时,X 光照片,下院议员,L 字牌(Cf 参看 some eggs,aunts,uncles,hours,etc)*|I can only carry two at a time.我一次只能携带两个.*|Theres a book on the table is that the one you want?桌子上有一本书-是不是你要的那一本?2(used with an abstract n that is restricted by the phrase which follows it 与抽象名词连用时,该名词後须有限定性词组):There was still an abundance of food when we arrived.我们抵达时还有很多食物.*|Were looking for someone with a good knowledge of German.我们正在找一个精通德语的人.3 any;every 任何;每一（个）:A horse is a quadruped.马 是 四 足 动 物.(Cf 参 看 Horses are quadrupeds.)*|An owl can see in the dark.猫头鹰在黑暗中能看见东西.(Cf 参看 Owls can see.).4 one single 单一的:He didnt tell us a thing about his holiday.他度假的事对我们支字未提.5(used with ns followed byof+possess det+n+s 与名词+of+所有格限定词+名词+s连用):a friend of my fathers,ie one of my fathers friends 我父亲的一个朋友*|a habit of Sallys,ie one of Sallys habits 萨莉的一种习惯.6(used in front of two ns seen as a unit 用於可视为一体的两个名词之前):a cup and saucer 一副杯碟*|a knife and fork 一副刀叉.7 to or for each;per 每一;每:2 a gallon 每加仑 2 英镑*|800 words a day 每天 800 字*|50p a pound 每磅 50 便士.8(often derog 常作贬义)person like(sb)像（某人）的人:My boss is a little Napoleon.我的老板是个小拿破仑.9(used with sbs name to show that the speaker does not know the person 与某人姓名连用,表示说话者不认识此人):Do we know a Tim Smith?咱们认识一个叫蒂姆史密斯的人吗?*|A Mrs Green is waiting to see you.有一位格林太太正等著见你.*|A Doctor Simpson telephoned.有一位辛普 森 医 生 来 过 电 话.10(used to show membership of a class 用以表示一群体中的成员):My mother is a solicitor.我母亲是律师.*|My father is a Fulham supporter.我父亲是富勒姆足球队的球迷.11 painting,sculpture,etc by 由.作 的 绘 画,雕 刻 等:The painting my grandfather gave me turned out to be a Constable.我祖父给我的那幅画原来是康斯塔伯的作品.a NOTE ON USAGE 用法:Note that the sound of 2 the first letter of an abbreviation,not its spelling,determines the form and pronunciation of the article before it 注意用於缩写字前面的冠词,其词形和读音取决於该缩写字的第一个字母的读音,而不取决於其书写形式:an MP*|an SRN*|a UHF radio*|the/TI;TI/NSPCC*|the/TE;TE/USA.a-pref 前缀 1(with ns,adjs and advs 与名词,形容词,副词结合)not;without 不;无;非:atheist*|atypical*|asexually.=Usage at un-用法见 un-.2(with vs forming adjs 与动词结合构成形容词)in the state or process of 处於.状态或过程中:awake*|asleep*|ablaze*|adrift.A abbr 缩写=1 ampere(s):13A,eg on a fuse 13安（如标於保险丝上者）.2 answer.Cf 参看 Q.3(in academic degrees 在学位方面)Associate of:ARCM,ie Associate of the Royal College of Music 皇家音乐学院副研究员.Cf 参看 F2.A /eI;e/symb 符号(Brit)(of roads)major（指公路）A 级（主干公路）:the A40 to Oxford 通往牛津的 A 级 40 号公路*|an A-road 一条 A 级公路.Cf 参看 B.a/c abbr 缩写=(commerce 商)account(current)（往来）帐户:charge to a/c 319054 记入319054 号 帐 户 *|a/c payee only,ie on cheques 限入受款人帐户（支票上的用语）.a fortiori /9eI 9fR:tI5R:raI;9e9fRrtIR9raI/(Latin 拉)for this stronger reason 因为这一更充分理由;更加:If he can afford a luxury yacht,then a fortiori he can afford to pay his debts.他若能买得起豪华的快艇,就更能匀出钱来还债了.a la carte /9B:lB:5kB:t;9BlEkBrt/(of a restaurant meal)ordered as separate items from a menu,not at a fixed price for the complete meal（指饭馆的饭菜）按菜单分别点菜的（而非定价套餐）:We only have an a la carte menu.我们只有分类菜单.Cf 参看 table dhote.a la mode /9B:lB:5mEUd;9BlEmod/1 fashionable 时髦的;流行的.2(US)(of food)served with ice-cream（指食物）加上冰激凌的:apple pie a la mode 苹果饼加冰激凌.A level /5eI levl;e lZvl/(infml 口)=advanced level(advance):When are you taking A level/your A levels?你什么时候参加（英国普通教育文凭的）高级考试?*|How many A levels have you got?你在（英国普通教育文凭的）高级考试中有几项及格?Cf 参看 O level,GCSE.a posteriori /9eI 9pCsterI5R:raI;epBs9tZrIRraI/(using reasoning that proceeds)from known facts to probable causes,eg saying The boys are very tired so they must have walked a long way.（用推理方法）由已知事实推测出原因（如说孩子们很疲倦,那么他们一定走了很长的路.）Cf 参看 a priori.a priori /9eI praI5R:raI;epraIRraI/(using reasoning that proceeds)from known causes to imagined effects,eg saying Theyve been walking all day so they must be hungry.（用推理方法）由已知原因推测出结果（如说:他们走了一整天,那么他们一定饿了.）Cf 参看 a posteriori.A/S level /eI 5es levl;e 9Zs lZvl/(in Britain)GCE examination of a standard between GCSE and Advanced level,allowing students to study more subjects than at Advanced level（英国）程度在普通中等教育证书与高级程度之间的一种普通教育证书考试,及格者所学科目多於高级程度者.A-bomb /5eI bCm;e9bBm/n=atomic bomb(atomic).AA /7eI 5eI;9e e/abbr 缩写=1(US)Alcoholics Anonymous 嗜 酒 者 互 诫 协 会.2(Brit)Automobile Association 汽车协会:members of the AA 汽车协会会员.AAA /7eI eI 5eI;9e e e/abbr 缩写=1(also the three As)(Brit)Amateur Athletic Association 业馀体育 协 会.2(US)American Automobile Association 美国汽车协会.AB /7eI 5bi:;9e bi/abbr 缩写=1(Brit)able-bodied seaman.2(US)Bachelor of Arts.aback /E5bAk;EbAk/adv(phr v)take sb aback=take.abacus /5AbEkEs;AbEkEs/n(pl-cuses/-kEsIz;-kE9sIz/)frame with beads that slide along parallel rods,used for teaching numbers to children,and(in some countries)for counting 算盘.abaft /E5bB:ft;?E5bAft;EbAft/adv(nautical 海)in or towards the stern half of a ship 在船尾;向船 3 尾.abaft prep(nautical 海)nearer to the stern than(sth);behind 比（某物）更接近船尾;在.後面:abaft the mainmast 在船的主桅後面.abandon /E5bAndEn;EbAndEn/v 1(a)Tn go away from(a person or thing or place)not intending to return;forsake;desert 离开（某人,某物或某地）而不返回;遗弃;抛弃;离弃:a baby abandoned by its parents 被 父 母 遗 弃 的 婴 儿 *|an abandoned car,dwelling,fort,village 被抛弃的汽车,被离弃的住所,被遗弃的堡垒,被离弃的村庄*|give orders to abandon ship,ie to leave a sinking ship 下令弃船（离开正在下沉的船）.(b)Tn,Dn.pr sth/sb(to sb)leave sth/sb to be taken(by sb)舍弃某物某人而被（别人）取得:They abandoned their lands to the invading forces.他们丢下了土地 遭侵略军占领.2 Tn give up completely(esp sth begun)完全放弃（尤指已开始的某事物）:abandon a project,plan,scheme,etc 放弃一项方案,计划,设计等*|urge people who smoke to abandon the habit 敦促吸烟的人戒烟*|He abandoned all hope,ie stopped hoping.他放弃了一切希望.*|The match was abandoned because of bad weather.比赛因天气恶劣而取消.3 Tn.pr oneself to sth(fml 文)yield completely to(an emotion or impulse)完全屈从於（某种情感或冲动）:He abandoned himself to despair.他陷入绝望中.abandon(also abandonment)n U freedom from worry or inhibitions 放任;纵情:dance with wild/gay abandon 狂放地尽情地跳舞.abandoned adj usu attrib 通 常 作 定 语 (of people or behaviour)wild or immoral（指人或行为）放荡的 堕落的.abandonment n U 1 abandoning 遗弃;抛弃;离弃;放弃;舍弃:Her abandonment of the idea upset him.她放弃了这一意见,他很不高兴.2=abandon n.abase /E5beIs;Ebes/v Tn oneself/sb lower oneself/sb in dignity;degrade oneself/sb 降低自己某人的身分;屈辱自己某人.abasement n U.abashed /E5bAFt;EbAFt/adj pred 作表语 (at/by sth)embarrassed;ashamed 尴尬;羞愧:His bosss criticism left him feeling rather abashed.老板批评了他,他感到有些难为情.abate /E5beIt;Ebet/v I,Tn(of wind,noise,pain,etc)make or become less（指风力,声音,痛苦等）减小,减少,减轻:The ship sailed when the storm had abated.那船在暴风雨减弱後启航了.*|People are campaigning to abate the noise in our cities.大家正在进行一场减低城市噪音的运动.abatement n U.abattoir /5AbEtwB:(r);?7AbE5twB:r;9AbEtwBr/n=slaughterhouse(slaughter).abbess /5Abes;AbZs/n woman who is head of a convent or nunnery 女修道院院长.abbey /5AbI;AbI/n 1 C building(s)in which monks or nuns live as a community under an abbot or abbess 修道院.2 CGp the whole number of monks or nuns in an abbey 修道院中全体修士或修女.3 C church or house that was formerly an abbey 曾为修道院的大教堂或房屋:Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特大教堂.abbot /5AbEt;AbEt/n man who is head of a monastery or abbey 男修道院院长;大寺院住持.abbr (also abbrev)abbr 缩 写 =abbreviated;abbreviation.abbreviate /E5bri:vIeIt;EbrivI9et/v Tn,Tn.pr sth(to sth)shorten(a word,phrase,etc),esp by omitting letters 缩短（字,词组等,尤指省略字母）;缩写:In writing,the title Doctor is abbreviated to Dr.在书写时,Doctor 头衔的缩写是 Dr.abbreviation /E9bri:vI5eIFn;E9brivIeFEn/n 1 U abbreviating or being abbreviated 缩短;缩写.2 C shortened form of a word,phrase,etc 缩写词;略语:Sept is an abbreviation for September.Sept 是September 的缩写.*|GB is the abbreviation of/for Great Britain.GB 是 Great Britain 的缩写.ABC /9eI bi:5si:;ebisi/n sing 1(Roman)alphabet,ie all the letters from A to Z（罗马）字母表,即由 A 至 Z 所有字母:Does the boy know his ABC?4 这个男孩儿认识字母了吗?2 simplest and most basic facts about a subject 一门学科的最简单,最基本的要点;基础知识:the ABC of gardening 园艺入门.3(idm 习语习语)easy as ABC=easy1.ABC /9eI bi:5si:;ebisi/abbr 缩写=1 American Broadcasting Company 美国广播公司:watch ABC 收看美国广播公司的节目.2 Australian Broadcasting Commission 澳大利亚广播公司.abdicate /5AbdIkeIt;AbdE9ket/v 1 I resign from or formally renounce the throne 退位;逊位:King Edward VIII abdicated in 1936.英王爱德华八世於 1936 年退位.2 Tn(fml 文)formally relinquish(power,a high official position,etc)正式放弃（权力,高位等）:Hes abdicated all responsibility in the affair.他已经放弃了这件事中的一切职责.abdication /9AbdI5keIFn;9AbdEkeFEn/n C,U.abdomen /5AbdEmEn;AbdEmEn/n 1 part of the body below the chest and diaphragm,containing the stomach,bowels and digestive organs 腹部.Cf 参看 intestine.2 rearmost section of an insect,a spider or a crustacean 昆虫,蜘蛛或甲壳类动物的腹部:head,thorax and abdomen 头部,胸部及腹部.=illus at insect 见 insect 之插图.abdominal /Ab5dCmInl;AbdBmEnl/adj in,of or for the abdomen 腹部中的;腹部的:abdominal pains 腹痛*|an abdominal operation 腹部手术.abdominally /Ab5dCmInElI;AbdBmInlI/adv.abduct /Eb5dQkt,Ab-;EbdQkt,Ab-/v Tn take(sb)away illegally,using force or deception;kidnap 诱拐;绑架.abduction /Eb5dQkFn,Ab-;EbdQkFEn,Ab-/n U,C.abductor n.abeam /E5bi:m;Ebim/adv(nautical 海)on a line at right angles to the length of a ship or an aircraft 正横（在与船身机身成直角的线上）:The lighthouse was abeam of the ship.灯塔在船的正横方向.aberrant /5AberEnt;AbZrEnt/adj not following the normal or correct way 不 循 常 轨 的;不 走 正 路 的:aberrant behaviour 越轨行为.aberration /9AbE5reIFn;9AbEreFEn/n 1(a)U deviation from what is accepted as normal or right 偏差;越轨:steal sth in a moment of aberration 一时糊涂而偷 东 西.(b)C moral or mental lapse;temporary loss of memory 失检或失常;一时失去 记 忆 力:Owing to a strange mental aberration he forgot his own name.由於一种莫名的精神错乱,他把自己的名字忘了.2 C fault or defect 毛 病;差 错:an aberration in the computer 计算机的差错.abet /E5bet;EbZt/v(-tt-)1(a)Tn,Tn.pr sb(in sth)help or encourage sb to commit an offence or do sth wrong 唆使;怂恿:He was abetted in these illegal activities by his wife.他受妻子怂恿进行这些非法活动.(b)Tn encourage(a crime,etc)教唆,鼓动（犯罪等）:You are abetting theft.你在教唆偷窃.2(idm 习语习语)aid and abet=aid.abetter,(esp law 尤用於法律)abettor ns.abeyance /E5beIEns;EbeEns/n U(idm 习 语习 语)be in abeyance;fall/go into abeyance(of a right,rule,problem,etc)be suspended temporarily;not be in force or use for a time（指权利,规则等）暂时中止;（指问题等）缓议;暂时无效或停用:The question is in abeyance,ie left unanswered,eg until more information is obtained.这个问题暂时搁置（如待获得更多资料时再行解决）.*|This law falls into abeyance when the countrys security is threatened.当国家安全受到威胁时,这项法规暂停实施.abhor /Eb5hR:(r);EbhRr/v(-rr-)Tn feel hatred and disgust for(sb/sth);detest 憎恨（某人某事物）;厌恶;讨厌:abhor terrorism,terrorists 憎恨恐怖活动,恐怖分子.abhorrence /Eb5hCrEns;?-5hR:r-;EbhRrEns/nU hatred and disgust 憎恨;厌恶:have an abhorrence of war 憎恶战争.abhorrent /Eb5hCrEnt;?-5hR:r-;EbhRrEnt/adj (to sb)disgusting;hateful 讨厌的;可恶的;可恨的:Violence is abhorrent to his gentle nature.他性情温和,讨厌暴力.abide /E5baId;EbaId/v(pt,pp abided;in sense 3 用於下述第 3 义时作 abode/E5bEUd;Ebod/)1 Tn(esp with can/could,in negative sentences or questions 尤於否定句或疑问句中与 c an/could 5 连用)tolerate(sb/sth);endure;bear 容忍（某人某事物）;忍受;忍耐:I cant abide that man.我对那个人忍无可忍.*|How could you abide such conditions?这种环境你怎么受得了呢?2 Ipr by sth act in accordance with sth;be faithful to sth 遵守某事物;忠於某事物:abide by(ie keep)a promise 遵守诺言*|abide by(ie observe)an agreement,verdict,ruling,etc 履行协议,服从裁决,遵从裁定*|Youll have to abide by(ie accept)the referees decision.你得遵从裁判的决定.3 Ipr(arch 古)remain;continue;stay 逗留;延续;居留;停留:abide at a place 住在某地*|abide with sb 和某人同住.abiding adj enduring;permanent 持久的;永久的:an abiding friendship,hatred,mistrust,etc 永恒的友谊,永世的仇恨,积久的疑忌.ability /E5bIlEtI;EbIlEtI/n 1 U capacity or power to do sth physical or mental 做体力,脑力或机械工作的能力或力量:a machine with the ability to cope with large loads 能处理大负荷量的机器*|He has the ability to do the work.他有做这项工作的能力.2(a)U cleverness;intelligence 智慧;才智:a woman of great ability 很有才能的女子.(b)U,C talent 天资;天分:have a great musical ability 很有音乐天才*|We found him work more suited to his abilities.我们给他找到了更适合他的能力的工作.3(idm 习语习语)to the best of ones ability=best3.abject /5AbdVekt;AbdVZkt/adj 1(of conditions)wretched;hopeless（指境况）惨的,绝望的:living in abject poverty/misery 过著极穷困悲惨 的 生 活.2(of people,their actions or behaviour)lacking all pride;contemptible;despicable（指人,动作或行为）无耻的,下贱的,卑鄙的:an abject coward 可鄙的胆小鬼*|an abject(ie very humble)apology 低声下气的道歉.abjectly adv.abjure /Eb5dVUE(r);EbdVJr/v Tn(fml 文)promise or swear to give up(a claim,an opinion,a belief,etc);renounce formally 承诺或发誓放弃（要求,意见,信仰等）;正式放弃:abjure ones religion 发誓放弃其宗教信仰.abjuration /9AbdVUE5reIFn;9AbdVJreFEn/n U,C.ablative /5AblEtIv;AblEtIv/n(usu sing 通常作单数)(grammar)special form of a noun,a pronoun or an adjective used(in some inflected languages)to indicate or describe esp the agent or instrument of an action 夺格（某些屈折语中的名词,代词或形容词的一种格,尤其表示动作的主动者或动作赖以进行的工具）.ablative adj of or in the ablative 夺格的.ablaut /5AblaUt;AblaJt/n U(linguistics 语 言)systematic way in which vowels change in related forms of a word,esp in Indo-European languages(eg drive,drove,driven)元音交替（尤指在印欧语系中,一个词的相关形式中有规律的变化,如 drive,drove,driven）.ablaze /E5bleIz;Eblez/adj pred 作表语 1 burning;on fire 燃烧;著火:set sth ablaze 点火烧某物*|The whole building was soon ablaze.整座建筑物很快就烧起来了.2 (with sth)(fig 比喻)(a)very bright;glittering 明亮;灿烂:The palace was ablaze with lights.那座宫殿灯火辉煌.(b)very excited 非常激动:His face was ablaze with anger.他满面怒容.able /5eIbl;ebl/adj be to do sth(used as a modal v 用 作 情 态 动 词)have the power,means or opportunity to do sth 有能力,办法或机会做某事;能:The child is not yet able to write.这个孩子还不会写字.*|Will you be able to come?你能来吗?*|You are better able to do it than I(am).你比我更有能力做这件事.able /5eIbl;ebl/adj(-r,-st/5eIblIst;eblIst/)having knowledge or skill;competent;capable 有知识或技能的;有能力的;有本事的:an able worker 有 才 干 的 工 作 者 *|the ablest/most able student in the class 班上最有才华的学生.ably /5eIblI;eblI/adv in an able manner 能干地:They have done their work very ably.他们胜任愉快地做完了工作.able-bodied /-5bCdId;-bBdId/adj